GENKI FACT L. 3. The limits of my language means the limits of my world. Ludwig Wittgenstein

Transcription

1 GENKI FACT L. 3 The limits of my language means the limits of my world. Ludwig Wittgenstein JPN 199 ALLEX 2016 Presented by Tom Mason; Slides by Masayuki Itomitsu

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3 In Lesson 2, we have learned Telling/asking prices Shopping Ordering at a restaurant Telling/Asking which item(s) belongs to whom Telling/asking where something is located

4 In Lesson 3, we ll learn Talking about daily schedules and routines Inviting someone to do things together Accepting/refusing invitations *Romanization version and Additional Grammar Available on Engrade

5 3 types of predicate (sentence types) in Japanese Noun + desu (Lessons 1, 2) Adjectives (ii desu, takai desu), more in Lesson 5 Verb (Lesson 3, this lesson)

6 Lesson 2: 3 kinds of verbs: 1. ru-verbs 2. u-verbs 3. irregular verbs (how many?)

7 Present Tense (non-past) Dictionary/ Short Form Ru-verbs U-verbs Irregular tabe-ru nom-u suru Base tabe nom --- Stem tabe nomi shi Long form aff Long form neg tabemasu nomimasu shimasu tabemasen nomimasen shimasen

8 Present (non-past) Tense: Piza o tabemasu. Meaning? I/she/he/we/they eat pizza. (habitual action) (I) will eat pizza. (future action) Does NOT mean I am eating pizza right now. (cf. Lesson 7) Form: Present (non-past), affirmative long form Long form (desu/masu): speech style? Negative? Piza wa tabemasen (wa with negative predicate, Additional Grammar A)

9 ru verbs 4 ru verbs in Lesson 3: tabe-ru, ne-ru, oki-ru, mi-ru Why called ru verbs? What do you notice about the above? The base ends in e or i. Therefore, all ru verbs end in iru or eru. Others: dekiru, oshieru, mazeru, kiru, iru BUT, not all verbs that end in iru or eru are ru verbs. EXCEPTIONS (so far): kaer-u

10 -ru verb Stems Base = Stem tabe-ru base? tabe Stem? tabe We use the STEM to make the masu form (the long form, present, affirmative) and other forms too. tabe-masu Negative? tabe-masen What are the stems of the following: ne-ru, oki-ru, mi-ru? Make the masu forms of the above: nemasu, okimasu, mimasu

11 u-verbs Base Stem Example: nom-u nom-u is the DICTIONARY FORM Why are these verbs called u verbs? Because the DICTIONARY FORM is formed by adding u to the base nom+ u = nomu Base? nom -u is a suffix (short form, present (non-past), affirmative)

12 More Examples: ik-u, yom-u, hanas-u, kik-u, kaer-u Others: wakar-u, itadak-u, Distinguishing u-verbs from ru-verbs? tsukuru vs. tukeru If the dictionary form doesn t end in iru or eru then it s a good guess that it s an u-verb! kaer-u is an exception Irregular verbs are exceptions

13 STEMS For ru-verbs, BASE = STEM tabe-ru For u-verbs, BASE + i = STEM Ik-u BASE? Ik STEM? Iki nom-u BASE? Nom STEM? nomi

14 -masu forms (STEM + masu) hanas-u hanashi hanasi-masu kik-u kiki kiki-masu nom-u nomi nomi-masu kaer-u kaeri kaeri-masu

15 Irregular verbs (2!) 1. kuru 2. suru

16 STEMS Stem of shimasu? shi Stem of kimasu? ki -masu forms? shimasu, simasen kimasu, kimasen Dictionary (short) forms? suru, kuru

17 simasu Can be combined with nouns to form verbs: Examples? Benkyoo simasu. NOTE: Nihongo o benkyoo shimasu. Nihongo no benkyoo o shimasu (cf. p. 197)

18 Present Tense (non-past): summary Dictionary/ Short Form Ru-verbs U-verbs Irregular tabe-ru nom-u suru Base tabe nom --- Stem tabe nomi shi Long form aff Long form neg tabemasu nomimasu shimasu tabemasen nomimasen shimasen

19 Noun vs. Verb sentences Use of soo desu. : Anoo, sumimasen, ryuugakusee desu ka? Watashi desu ka? Hai,. soo desu. Anoo, sumimasen. Kono konsaato ( コンサート ), ikimasu ka? Watashi desu ka? Hai,. ikimasu.

20 4 Particles! REVIEW: particles you know: wa and mo These are usually preceded by? nouns Sentence-final particles: ka, yo, ne?, ne(e). Come at the end of the sentence NEW: o, de, ni, e

21 o Biiru o nomimasu. Piza o tabemasu. Relationship of biiru/piza to nomimasu/tabemasu? They are the things that are affected by the action; the things that are acted upon. Terebi o mimasu. Tenisu o shimasu. Ongaku o kikimasu.

22 PLACE noun + de Uchi de terebi o mimasu. Toshokan de hon o yomimasu. Relationship of uchi/toshokan to mimasu/yomimasu? The noun indicates the place of the action.

23 PLACE ni and e + MOTION verb Kyoo gakkoo ni/e ikimasu. Uchi ni/e kaerimasu. Ashita mo gakkoo ni/e kimasu ka. Relationship of gakkoo to ikimasu? The goal (final destination) of the motion of the verb.

24 Time + ni Ichi-ji ni shimasu. Nichiyoobi ni ikimasu. Maiban juuichi-ji ni nemasu. Relationship of ichi-ji to shimasu? Tells the time of the action/motion.

25 4 Time reference Ashita kimasu. Maiban terebi o mimasu. Itsu kimasuka?

26 When do we / don t we use ni? 1. Yoji ni kimasu. 2. Doyoobi ni mimasu. 3. Basu wa 9:15 ni kimasu yo. 4.Nagoya e kugatsu ni ikimasu. 1. Ima 7:30 desu. 2. Ashita shimasu yo. 3. Kyoo ikimasu. 4. Maiban tsukaimasu. 5. Ashita 11:00 goro kimasu.

27 When don t we use ni? 1. Generic time words: asa, ban, mainichi 2. Time-relative words: kyoo, ashita, asatte 3. With goro it s optional Ku-zi goro shimasu. Ku-zi goro ni shimasu.

28 5 ~masen ka Tenisu o shimasen ka. Eega o mimasen ka. Koohii o nomimasen ka. Sutaba e ikimasen ka. Negative questions are used for? Invitations How do you accept the invitation? How do you turn it down politely?

29 7 Frequency adverbs Adverb (English grammar): A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb. A: Wain, yoku nomimasu ka. B: Iie, wain wa amari nomimasen. A: Jaa,biiru wa? B: Biiru wa zenzen nomimasen. Tokidoki hanbaagaa o tabemasu Takeshi-san wa amari benkyoo simasen nee. Meari-san wa yoku benkyoo simasu. What do you notice about amari and zenzen?

30 8 Topic particle wa Meari-san wa ryuugakusee desu. Senkoo wa nihongo desu. Shuumatsu wa taitee nani o shimasu ka. Kyoo wa kyooto ni ikimasu. Asa-gohan wa tabemasen. The particle wa marks the topic of discussion and what follows is what the speaker wants to convey. The focus is on what comes AFTER the wa.