LEE MORGAN. LEE MORGAN, trumpet; JOE HENDERSON, tenor sax; BARRY HARRIS, piano; BOB CRANSHAW, bass; BILLY HIGGINS, drums.

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3 LEE MORGAN LEE MORGAN, trumpet; JOE HENDERSON, tenor sax; BARRY HARRIS, piano; BOB CRANSHAW, bass; BILLY HIGGINS, drums. It seems hard to realize that almost eight years have passed since a precociously gifted 18-year-old trumpeter named Lee Morgan made his first startling impact on the jazz scene by joining the brass section of Dizzy Gillepsie s band. In retrospect, it seems fortunate that Morgan was able to gain this experience before the big band situation deteriorated to the point where Gillespie decided to resume a small combo format. By the time that happened, Lee had well over a year of section work to his credit, not to mention to solo exposure often accorded him by his proud and unselfish boss. Since the dissolution of the orchestra in Januar y of 1958, Lee s remarkable maturity as a solo voice has been reflected in his work with Art Blakey for a of years, and more recently in a group with Jimmy Heath at Birdland as well as a variety of other small-group settings. Part of his time has been spent back home in Philadelphia, but since the summer of 1963 he has been more active again on the New York scene. The present sides mark his return to the studios for Blue Note in a session with a specially assembled and impressively strong personnel. Of Joe Henderson, Lee observes: This was the first time I had ever recorded with Joe. I had never even played with him; but I heard the first record date he had done for Blue Note, and when Alfred Lion asked me who I wanted on this date, of course I thought immediately of Joe. I remembered that sound and he has a kind of different approach. I can hear a lot of influences in him, of course I can hear Sonny, and Trane; and some Bird, too. But the important thing is, I think he s finding his own identity now. Of Barry Harris, Lee says: Barry has been one of my favorite pianists for a long time. I heard him when I went to Detroit with Dizzy s band one time for a concert; that was when I met Barry and Yusef and Curtis Fuller, some of the great Detroit men. Later on, every once in a while when I got a few gigs I d try to use Barry; so he s familiar with my music to a great extent too. He is similarly enthusiastic about Bob Cranshaw: Bob s one of the best allaround bass players on the scene today. He s got a great big sound, and no matter what kind of music you bring in, he can see what s happening and read it. And he can walk, and he can solo. It s much the same way with Billy Higgins. I used to hear a lot about Billy, but I didn t know who he was; maybe that was when he was located out in Los Angeles. I remember hearing about him when he was with Ornette Coleman s group. Then, through Al Lion, I got on a date with him, and I ve come to admire him he s got a lot of maturity for a young drummer. He never overplays to the point of drowning the horns out, yet you always know he s there. Of the compositions brought in for this occasion all originals by the leader it is interesting to note that all five are based on changes that are simple enough to offer a good blowing base, yet sufficiently varied and personal to avoid triteness or monotony. The title number might best be described as a long-meter blues (24 measures to the chorus). The tune kind of put me in mind of the sidewinder you know, the bad guy on television, says Lee. There s a snake called the sidewinder, but I was thinking of the bad guy. If the character and mood seem a little different from that of the average blues, you can attribute it to the unexpected change at bars of each chorus, when a minor chord is introduced. The fascinating rhythm section figure established during the opening ensembles is sustained throughout the solos, giving the performance a deep blue tinge as well as a Latin touch. Lee s solo, fluent and sensitively constructed, never becomes grandstand and relies at times on essentially simple devices, such as the repeated B flat in the last of his three choruses. Henderson s solo is rich in melodic variety (note the contrast between the busy opening and simple continuation in his second chorus). Harris s piano picks up in intensity as it goes along, aided on his third chorus by the horn s backing. Cranshaw bears out Lee s complimentary observations in a fine solo that owes part of its success to the continued pulsing of Billy Higgins s percussion figures.

4 THE SIDEWINDER THE SIDEWINDER TOTEM POLE GARY S NOTEBOOK BOY, WHAT A NIGHT HOCUS-POCUS HIGH RESOLUTION MASTERING BY ALAN YOSHIDA AND ROBIN LYNN AT BLANCHE DUBOIS, JULY 2012 Totem Pole, named for the effect of Lee s alternation with Joe, is a group of six notes they play going into and coming out of the release. The E-flat minor theme is strengthened by the effective contrast of Latin rhythm on the main passage and a straight 4/4 in the release. As Lee himself agrees, this track contains some of the best individual blowing in the album. Lee s own personal phrasing and occasional use of half-valve effects are in evidence; as for Joe, he always puts down his instrumental foot where the beat is, never letting you lose track of the rhythmic or harmonic structure. Harris s solo, partly in octaves and later in single-note lines in the Bud Powell tradition, sustains the interest until Lee returns to solo against some intense and exciting rhythmic section work. I got the idea for the number, says Lee, after listening to Dizzy down at Birdland. He played the early Duke Ellington tune, The Mooche, a wonderful old piece, and I decided I d like to do something in that same general form. Of Gar y s Notebook, Lee says: Gary s a friend of mine, and he s real serious quite an intellectual guy. No matter what he s doing, whether he s riding the subway or just sitting around the house, he s always doodling, or figuring something out he s a musician too and he s working with the Schillinger system. The tune is a blues, which is a simple form, but there s a lot to play. The line is not too simple, and that s the way Gary is a basic guy, but kind of deep. To these comments should be added the observation that this is considerably more than just another blues. It s plays as a fast waltz, in the minor mode, with a 16-bar intro leading to 24-bar choruses, and with a series of tricky two-against three effects by bass drum and bass to launch the solos. Boy, What A Night is also a blues waltz, but this time with more of a funky feeling and a 12/8 meter, with a very basic character to both melody and changes. Remember the old Avery Parrish blues After Hours? says Lee. You ll notice that during the main figure, the bass and the piano are playing the rhythm out of that. We tried this a lot of different ways first as a straight blues, then double-up time, then with the ¾ feeling until it finally came out the way it is here. On his solo here, it seems to me, Lee reflects some of the Gillespie influence in his phrasing and in the ability to string ideas together at considerable length. Note Harris s sly fills in the closing reprise of the theme, and the old-timey blues ending. Hocus-Pocus is, as Lee comments, Just a simple tune, a nice easy blowing thing with the standard chorus length. I wanted to get away from straight blues. After I d written it Barry Harris pointed out that the changes are the same as Mean To Me, except for a slight difference in the channel. Joe Henderson and Lee are both displayed to advantage in the straightahead swinging groove of this performance. Barry, in his choruses, shows not only a wealth of ideas but a sturdy technique, often kept latent but occasionally made more openly evident in a flurry of sixteenth notes The theme is repeated twice at the end, once to feature Billy Higgins and then with regular ensemble. Lee is justifiably proud of the way this session turned out. The rhythm section was a stimulating as he expected, but the special pleasure of the occasion was the opportunity to share the front line with Joe Henderson. Now that I ve worked with Joe, I m eager to get together with him again; he s very efficient in every way. And maybe next time I can get him to do some of the writing too. That will be something to look forward to; but in the meantime these five buoyant interpretations of Lee Morgan themes offer a rewarding evidence of Lee s own development as a composer and soloist, and of Joe Henderson s value as a thoroughly able aide. Leonard Feather, Original Liner Notes P 2012 Blue Note Records. Blue Note is a registered trademark of Capitol Records, LLC. g 2012 Blue Note Records. All Rights Reserved.

LEE MORGAN From dwelling in the depths of despairing obscurity to being the celebrated champion of a new style of jazz, trumpeter Lee Morgan paved the way for the popularity of the 60s souljazz

5 LEE MORGAN From dwelling in the depths of despairing obscurity to being the celebrated champion of a new style of jazz, trumpeter Lee Morgan paved the way for the popularity of the 60s souljazz phenomenon with his catchy 10- minute gem, The Sidewinder. While all sorts of innovations in jazz were being distilled at the time from Miles Davis s new-styled quintet to John Coltrane s classic quartet the brewing of boogaloo came of age through the trumpeter s distinctive voice and upbeat, funky original compositions. Recorded in 1963 at Rudy Van Gelder s studio and released the following year, The Sidewinder, the lead-off number of Morgan s Blue Note album of the same name, became a crossover hit that in edited form became a high-charting single and even got scooped up by the automaker Chrysler for a TV commercial (used without permission or compensation, the ad was soon yanked). The tune, with a simple and listener accessible 24-bar blues theme, was omnipresent on the airwaves and in jukeboxes. Not bad considering that the label initially issued only 4,000 copies of The Sidewinder. Purportedly, the first album pressing sold out within days. A significant back story: Morgan had recorded as a hard-bop leader with Blue Note in his first round of association with the label from the mid- 50s to early 60s. The rising trumpeter star, who came up under the wings of Dizzy Gillespie in his not-long-for-thisworld big band, broke onto the recording scene with his 1956 debut Lee Morgan Indeed! at the age of 18 (with no original compositions) and concluded in 1960 with Lee-Way (one original, titled The Lion and the Wolff, in honor of the label s owners, Alfred Lion and Francis Wolff). Meanwhile, Morgan solidified his Blue Note standing as a member of Art Blakey s Jazz Messengers, where he was encouraged by the drummer to contribute compositions to the band. However, Morgan came crashing down and was forced into exile from his New York base to his Philadelphia hometown because of his addiction to heroine. When Morgan returned to New York, in 1963 he rejoined the Blue Note ranks, first as sideman for albums recorded by Hank Mobley and Grachan Moncur III, and then once again as a full-fledged leader. His rebound recording was The Sidewinder with a young and future-

THE SIDEWINDER star support team, comprising tenor saxophonist Joe Henderson, pianist Barry Harris, bassist Bob Cranshaw and drummer Billy Higgins that turned out to be his most commercial success.

6 THE SIDEWINDER star support team, comprising tenor saxophonist Joe Henderson, pianist Barry Harris, bassist Bob Cranshaw and drummer Billy Higgins that turned out to be his most commercial success. Rumor has it, via his friend drummer Billy Hart, that the title track was filler. Filler indeed. The near-perfect dancefriendly tune and the rest of the album tracks taken as a whole are seminal, ushering in what turned out to wave after wave of oftentimes futile attempts to emulate and even replicate. The Sidewinder features a revitalized and energized Morgan, who penned all five of the pieces none of them in the ballad zone. The leadoff, of course, is the skip-and-bounce hit with Cranshaw s bass riff opening the show. Morgan slurs and plays clarion on the trumpet and also takes a fast bluesy run to lead the charge followed by the passing of the solo baton, first with Henderson s tenor sax gusto, then Harris s grooving break and Cranshaw s dark-toned pulsings. The rhythm section is key as are the indelible melodic line shared by Morgan and Henderson. The boogaloo bash continues with the swinging Totem Pole, teeming with rousing improvisation; the upbeat blues-steeped Gary s Notebook, with Morgan and Henderson playfully swirling around each other in the head; the ¾ time caper Boy, What a Night with spirited band member chatter in the background; and the straightahead flow of Hocus-Pocus, where Higgins gets to tumble while the horns play out the melody. In subsequent years, many tried to capture Morgan s special soul-jazz essence, which Blue Note encouraged, but The Sidewinder broke the seal and made its mark as a milestone album that stands the test of time. It resurrected Morgan s career, re-established him as one of jazz s top trumpeters and inspired him to continue his prolific career, which at the age of 33 was tragically cut short as a result of an altercation with his wife at an East Village club. But The Sidewinder ironically named not for the snake, but a TV villain dances on, full of funk and soul and the playful spirit that Morgan brought to his second coming-out party with Blue Note. It came out of the blue, totally unexpected, but listening now, it s as if the tune and the album were ordained to light a spark for the decade and beyond. Dan Ouellette, 2012

Concise Guide to Jazz

Test Item File For Concise Guide to Jazz Seventh Edition By Mark Gridley Created by Judith Porter Gaston College 2014 by PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved