Music F193: Introduction to Music Theory

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1 Music F193: Introduction to Music Theory Class 4 1

2 Agenda Quiz 2 Questions Test 1 Review of Units 9-12 Questions / Homework 2

3 Essentials of Music Theory: Units

4 Unit 9: Intervals, Solfege, Transposition 4

5 Unit 9: Perfect / Major Intervals intervals are closely related to scales......their names come from scale degrees (2nd, 6th, 7th, etc.) based on scale degrees, certain intervals unison (1), 4th, 5th, octave (8) are called perfect intervals these intervals are the same in both major and minor scales; thus, there are no major 5ths or minor 4ths ; they re just perfect 5

6 Unit 9: Perfect / Major Intervals a major interval, meanwhile 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th takes its interval from the scale degrees of a major scale so for example, in the key of C major, a major 6th exists between C and A the first and sixth scale degrees of the C major scale book also mentions diatonic intervals what happens when the keynote and top note of an interval are from the same major scale these are major and perfect intervals 6

7 Unit 9: Perfect / Major Intervals intervals are written with a letter (uppercase or lowercase) and a number: so, a perfect 5th would be P5; a major 6th, M6; and so on P1 M2 M3 P4 P5 M6 M7 P8 7

8 Unit 9: Minor Intervals minor intervals are the close cousins of major intervals M2, M3, M6, M7, just lowered by a half-step note that lowercase letters are used to denote minor intervals...so, m2, m3, m6, m7 8

9 Unit 9: Minor Intervals examples... note that perfect intervals cannot be made either major or minor; explanation why in a moment... P1 m2 m3 P4 P5 m6 m7 P8 9

10 Unit 9: Augmented & Diminished Intervals augmented = made larger by a half step diminished = made smaller by a half step if you re sharping a sharp or flatting a flat, use a double-sharp or double-flat you cannot diminish a P1 (perfect unison), since the distance between the pitches is already zero...but, you can have an augmented unison 10

11 Unit 9: Augmented & Diminished Intervals when the keynote and upper note of an interval are NOT from the same major scale = chromatic interval...so, chromatic intervals include minor intervals, augmented and diminished note that augmented/diminished intervals often sound the same as other types of intervals; they re augmented or diminished depending on how they re written 11

12 Unit 9: Augmented & Diminished Intervals for PERFECT intervals unisons (1), 4th, 5th, or octave (8) the order from largest to smallest interval is: AUGMENTED PERFECT DIMINISHED for MAJOR intervals 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th the order from largest to smallest interval is: AUGMENTED MAJOR MINOR DIMINISHED 12

13 Unit 9: Augmented & Diminished Intervals examples of augmented/diminished intervals dim 6 dim 4 aug 7 dim 8 13

14 Unit 9: Solfege solfege is system of assigning syllable names to each scale degree Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do these syllables apply to any major scale; thus, Do can start anywhere it can move thus, we call it moveable Do 14

15 Unit 9: Solfege moveable Do is in contrast to fixed Do (which you DON T have to learn!), a system in which each conceivable note (C, C sharp, C flat, etc.) has a slightly different syllable but back to moveable Do: Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do 15

16 Unit 9: Transposition change a piece of music (melody, key, everything) from one key to another this happens constantly, when one artist sings a song in a different key than someone else... 16

17 Unit 9: Transposition example: Jingle Bells, first in C Major, transposed into D Major... 17

18 Unit 12: Triads, V7, Scale Degree Names 18

19 Unit 12: Triads/Chords chord: three or more notes, sounding together triad: a specific type of chord: ROOT, 3rd, 5th again, think about scale degrees: sounded together, any combo is a triad 19

20 Unit 12: Triads/Chords triads can be built starting on any scale degree the triads built in 1, 4, and 5 (I, IV, V) are what the book calls primary triads a triad is called a major triad if it contains the 1st, 3rd, and 5th notes of a major scale 20

21 Units 10-11: Lots of Rhythm 21

22 Any questions about Units 10-11? 22

23 Homework 23

24 Homework Please push ahead: review, do exercises for Units 13 through 15 24

Music Department Columbia University Ear Training Curriculum, Fall 2012 Sing and Play at the Piano Face the Music

Music Department Columbia University Ear Training Curriculum, Fall 2012 and at the Piano Face the Music Students are required to perform at the keyboard simultaneously singing and playing exercises in