SHQ High Performance.

Transcription

1 SHQ High Performance The perfect connection These high quality audio and video cables ensure true-to-life reproduction of sound and images thanks to their excellent internal conductors made from silver-plated oxygen-free copper (99.999%). The solid cast-metal plugs with 24 carat gold plated contact surfaces prevent magnetic interference and flickering images. High resolution digital transmission with SHQ HDMI cables SHQ HDMI cables offer first class quality with full 1080p, 2160p HD resolution max. This is largely due to the especially high standard of design. Thanks to the compacted 3b shielding, maximum protection against RFI and EMI interference and excellent colour and image reproduction are achieved. First class video cables for true-to-life image reproduction All video cables in the SHQ range - from component cables to scart cables and AV flat cable with scart plugs - feature perfect quality. High quality triple shielding is used forr the scart cables to ensure outstanding colour and image resolution. Individually screened stereo channels ensure excellent sound quality. The component cables feature dual-concentric SPOFC (silver plated oxygen-free copper) braiding and Mylar film screening in order to avoid transmission losses. This results in brilliant resolution and transparency. In addition, the component cables consist of high-quality 75 Ohm coaxial cables fitted with colour coded plugs. Perfect sound with SHQ audio cables SHQ audio cables have the same high quality as the video cables. Only the very best materials are used. The audio cable with cinch plugs are also equipped with dual-concentric SPOFC (silver plated oxygen-free copper) braiding and Mylar film screening, which makes a decisive contribution to the excellent sound quality of the cable. The range is rounded off by a high quality optic fibre cable with a Toslink plug. Thanks to the optical core of pure glass fibres, which are polished at both ends, maximum and exact transmission can be guaranteed. Users benefit from higher resolution, sharper focussing and simply more music. The sensitive optical core of the cable is protected from damage by a tough, flexible PVC sheath. In addition, precision-made plugs with spring-loaded contacts are used. * silver plated oxygen free copper

2 SHQ High Performance SHQ SHQ7712R 1.2 m ctn qty. 5 EDP-No SHQ7730R 3.0 m ctn qty. 5 EDP-No Scart connection 1x Scart plug <-> 1x Scart plug - High density triple-shielding for maximum rejection of RFI and EMI, providing better colour and image definition - Silver-plated % Oxygen Free Copper conductors ensuring faithful picture transmission - 24k gold contacts for optimum signal transfer and corrosion resistance - Solid cast metal SHQ Scart Plug eliminates electromagnetic interference & picture shimmer - Individually screened stereo channels to enhance sound quality

3 Audio cables / Plugs and sockets 5-pin DIN plug The 5-pin diode plug is being simplified also described as a 5-pin DIN plug. DIN is the abbreviation for Deutsche Industrie Norm (German Industrial Standard) and indicates that it is a nationally standard plug. Connection assignment of DIN sockets (solder side) Rec. right Rec. left For mono, pin 4 not assigned Stereo microphone socket Rec. right Rec. left Play left For mono, Play right pin 4 and 5 not assigned Stereo TA/TB socket More recent equipment is no longer fitted with this sort of plug. Nevertheless, there are still many left channel 1 3 older equipments in use that have 5-pin DIN sockets right channel Consequently there is a requirement for a wide variety of adapters to combine old and new Stereo TA socket 4 2 DIN sockert (rear) 5 equipments. As the 5 pin plug / socket combines both audio input and audio output (record left, record right, play-back left, play-back right), when selecting cables or adapters attention must be Amplifier Cassette deck paid to the correct connection. Detail to be taken from the current product information T T Plug Depending on the size of the equipment, plugs come in sizes with diameters of 2.5 mm, 3.5 mm and 6.3 mm. There are mono or stereo versions of all variants. NF mass While the solid 6.3 mm plugs are mainly used with Hi-Fi headphones or microphones, the smaller plugs are used increasingly with portable equipment, such as Discman, MP3 players and ipods. Mono plugs 2,5 ; 3,5 and 6,3 mm ø right Similarly, their use with laptops, sound cards, etc., is increasing. Plugs and sockets with differing diameters can be connected with various adapters. Relatively new is the small 4-pin plug that carries video as well as stereo audio signals. Stereo plugs Connection assignment 3,5, 6,3 mm ø mass left RCA plug RCA plugs are some of the most widely used plugs in the audio/video field. They generally have coloured markings to ensure correct connection and they come in various types. Speaker plug Connection assignment of speaker sockets and plugs hot conntection integral speaker Speaker plugs provide a secure and robust cable to equipment connection. In particular, when there is mass (-) mass hot connection (+) frequent connection of components, they facilitate handling. In practice, however there is more and more equipment (amplifiers as well as speaker boxes) where the stripped cable is directly clipped in. With older and standard equipments as well as car radios, these plugs are still useful. Speaker plugs Speaker switch sockets (On insertion, switches off the internal speakers) hot connection (+) integral speaker mass Speaker switch sockets For equipment with built in speakers or where either the internal and/or external speakers can used Built-in speakers Speaker socket or switch hot connections (+) mass (-) Others 129

4 Audio cables / Plugs and sockets DIY (Do It Yourself) items Loose plugs and sockets provide tailor-made solutions for exact cable lengths and the type of cable used. Most plugs and sockets are soldered to the cables, but it is often sufficient merely to screw fix the bared ends of the cables. This enables the DIY enthusiast to produce cable connections that are not available as standard. Video cables and adapters Video cables and adapters Following the introduction of the S-VHS system onto the market, there is even more uncertainty concerning the correct connection and the correct assignment. For this reason we have assembled the most important standard connections that are to be found in our product range and explained their connection assignment. Connection VHS/Video 8 S-VHS/Hi 8 Scart Audio out R 11 - RGB gr. 2 - Audio in R 12 - Data Line Audio out L 13 - RGB r. Gnd 4 - Audio Gnd 14 - Data Gnd 5 - RGB bl. Gnd 15 - RGB r. 6 - Audio in L 16 - Blanking 7 - RGB bl Video Gnd 8-12 V 18 - Blanking Gnd 9 - RGB gr. Gnd 19 - Video out 10 - Data Line Video in 21 - Common Gnd 1 - Audio out R 11 - RGB gr. 2 - Audio in R 12 - Data Line Audio out L 13 - Chrominance Gnd 4 - Audio Gnd 14 - Data Gnd 5 - RGB bl. Gnd 15 - Chrominance in/out 6 - Audio in L 16 - Blanking 7 - RGB bl Luminance Gnd 8-12 V 18 - Blanking Gnd 9 - RGB gr. Gnd 19 - Luminance out 10 - Data Line Luminance in 21 - Common Gnd RCA Gnd 2 - signal Audio + Video 1 - Gnd 2 - signal only Audio pin Hoside Lumin. Gnd 3 - Luminance 2 - Chrom. Gnd 4 - Chrominance

5 Video cables and adapters Connection VHS/Video 8 S-VHS/Hi pin. DIN 1-12 V 4 - Audio in / out L Video in / out 5-12 V 3 - Gnd 6 - Audio in / out R Chrom. in / out 4 - Audio in / out L 2 - Lumin. in / out 5-12 V 3 - Gnd 4 - Audio in / out R for Battery chargers BNC 1 - Gnd 2 - signal Communications cables ISDN Through digitisation of the transfer protocols, the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) can now carry speech, data, texts and images over a single line connection. One or more, or a combination, of the following terminal devices can be connected to the basic ISDN connection (S0Bus): ISDN Basic connection So a ba2 a1 b1 b2 2a 1a 1b 2b - Digital telephone - Fax (Group 4) - Telex - PC or data terminal - Terminal adapter S 1 2 S 1 2 S S In comparison to an analog connection, an ISDN connection offers many advantages. The high transfer rate (64 Kbit/s) improves speech and image quality and reduces costs. In addition to three subscriber numbers with its standard connection, ISDN offers new performance characteristics such as caller number display, three-way conferencing or callback and call hold. In addition the Comfort connection offers call transfer, call waiting or display of tariff information at the end of a call. The terminal device NTBA (Network Termination Basic Access) allows the connection of a bus facility with up to 12 ISDN equipments (1 or 2 way) to which a maximum of 8 terminal devices may be connected. Asl a ba2 a1 b1 b2 NTBA S 1 2 S 1 2 Base station from Telekom = Asl a ba2 a1 b1 b2 NTBA 2a 1a 1b 2b 2a 1a1b 2b V~ 230 V~ TR *1 Entfernung max. 130m So-Bus Others 131

6 Communications cables What does ADSL mean? - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - High-speed access to the World Wide Web - Applications that are not possible with analog modems or ISDN. - Page creation in seconds - Downloading in record time - Superb quality film and music videos ADSL/T-DSL For rapid Internet access Every Telekom customer can get ADSL, irrespective of whether the connection is analog or ISDN. The existing telephone set-up is not changed. The analog connection carries an additional data signal alongside the telephone signal. Calls can still be received, even when on line. Data rates ADSL / T-DSL: Downloads = ADSL / T-DSL 768 kbit/s 12 x faster than ISDN 30 x faster than an analog modem Uploads = ADSL / T-DSL 128 kbit/s Download comparison: 768 kbit/s = ADSL /T-DSL 64 kbit/s = ISDN 28,8 kbit/s = analog modem Where ISDN is combined with ADSL/T-DSL, telephone calls, fax messaging and Internet surfing can be conducted simultaneously Two additional devices are needed to use ADSL / T-DSL: - An ADSL / T-DSL splitter and an ADSL / T-DSL modem. The splitter separates the ADSL / T-DSL signals from the normal telephone signals. Pay particular attention that the splitter is fitted in front of the terminal device. The modem provides high-speed access to the Internet: US / Western This technology, normally called US, or Western Technology, is mainly to be found in the USA and the United Kingdom. Bearing in mind the ISDN connection technology, (Integrated Services Digital Network) this technology will be of increasing significance in Germany as well. Depending on intended use, we distinguish in this case between 4 pin (telephone), 6 pin or 8 pin (accessory equipment) connection sockets or plugs. TAE As a new method of installation on the public telephone network, German firms, working on behalf of the Bundespost (German Post Office), have developed the Telecommunications Connection Units TAE F (Telekommunikations Anschluss Einheiten (TAE)). They are interface connectors for the connection TAE N of telephone equipment or accessories in different areas. In the long term, TAE will replace the 4=E 5=b 2 6=a 2 3=W 2=b 1=a 4=E 5=b 2 6=a 2 3=W 2=b 1=a previously common methods of connection (VDo, ADo). They conform to DIN Due to system modularity, compact sockets for the 2-way and 3-way plug connectors are also N F available. The plug system is based on a 6 pin basic configuration. They will be divided into F codification (for telephone equipment) and N codification (for non-telephone equipment, like answering machines, telex or data transfer equipment). This will ensure that there will be no 132 confusion of plugs.

7 Little SAT lexicon ADR ASTRA Digital Radio. A transmission system that uses ASTRA to transmit twelve stereo radio programmes in Hi-Fi quality on a single audio sub-carrier of a TV transponder. Attenuation Loss of signal strength, normally expressed in decibels. Attenuation can occur in the connection cables between the antenna and receiver. It can also be due to the distance between the transmission antenna and the receiver antenna. AV Shorthand for a button, connection plug or an operating mode to activate or connect audio-visual equipment. The AV connection, e.g. between receiver and TV equipment is normally produced as a Scart cable and provides better quality than an antenna cable. Azimuth From the position of the observer the skywards direction (east/west) of the satellite. Band Band defines a range of frequencies between two values set according to technical agreement. Bandwidth Expression for a series of frequencies, covered by a particular band. Bearer Very high-frequency oscillation that due to modulation can carry a radio, or TV signal over great distances. The frequency of the oscillation is also the bearer frequency. A TV satellite transmissions, for each television channel there is an image or visual bearer and one or more audio bearers. Bowl Jargon expression for the parabolic reflector. Broadcasting range The interval between two frequencies that define a band. In satellite receivers it shows the frequency range in which you can operate without distortion or error. CATV Community Antenna TV. Shorthand for a cable TV signal distribution system Channel Part of frequency band allocated according to an agreed allocation procedure. A TV channel consists of two frequencies, one for the visual and one for the audio content. Every channel is identified by numerical code (except for the European television channels broadcast on the MHz frequency band, which are identified by a letter code). Co-ax cable An item to provide the electrical connection between antenna and receiver. It consists of a special cable, which has an inner and an outer core. Each is separated by insulating material, to guarantee minimum signal loss. Co-ax cable is also called shielded cable because the outer core also protects the inner core from outside interference, thereby minimising the signal loss in the inner core. Conditional Access System (CA) To unlock a coded programme, the so-called Conditional Access Module (CAM) is required. The interfaces for the CA modules are internationally standard. From this came the Common Interface. So that the digital receiver can accept various CAMs, it has one or more interfaces with the Common Interface Standard. This CI interface provides the necessary to security for the future for later expansion of the digital receiver. There are CA modules not only for play-programmes, but also for other applications such as memory cards or modems Control signal (22 khz) This means a low-frequency signal around 22 khz with which the satellite receiver provides an additional switching capability for the LNB / LNBs. If the signal is switched on or off, it is possible to choose between several antennas via a box connected between the two. Converter The receiver unit at the focal point of the parabolic antenna, to convert from the frequency range of the satellite to the intermediate frequency of the receiver. db Decibel A unit of measurement to express the relationship between values of the same type. It is often used to express the attenuation of a cable or distance, or the output of an amplifier. Decoder Equipment to unlock a coded transmission. Each encoding system has an equivalent decoder. A decoder can also be used to change one format into another (e.g. D2-MAC to PAL). Demodulator The circuit in a satellite receiver, the purpose of which is to filter out the audio and video content from the bearer signal of a TV channel. Digital And electronic method to process pictures and sounds. It is based on the conversion of picture and sound signals into binary values Digital technology is less prone to interference and the signal quality is higher. Digital audio is already available on CD, DCC, Minidisc, DAT, ADR, etc. Digital video is available on the MPEG system. DiSEqC Digital Satellite Equipment Control Digital control instructions to reach further stations except for H/V and 22 khz. Dolby Prologic A system similar to Dolby Surround. The technique of digital delay is used to achieve much greater dynamic performance of the main channel, or to assign the voice channel to it, whilst directing special effects to the other four speakers. Dolby Surround A system for the processing of audio information in films, television films and video clips. This system enables the viewer to be acoustically involved in what is going on. The audio environment is artificially reconstructed, so that the classic stereo channels (front right and front left) have three sound sources added: the main channel as well as right rear and left rear channels. Dual Feed The system for receiving two satellites with a single antenna. The basic requirement for this system is, that the satellites are not more than 9 apart. The system is mainly used for receiving ASTRA 19.2 East und EUTELSAT 13 East. DVB Digital Video Broadcasting. Digital broadcast standard of TV signals in accordance with the MPEG standard. These techniques are providing impetus to the various European broadcasters, as far as the transmission of digital TV signals is concerned. Elevation The term elevation refers to the vertical angle at which the antenna must be positioned to be able to see the satellite required. Azimuth, therefore, is the horizontal angle. Elevation the vertical angle - when this is being set the satellite must be seen. EPG EPG means Electronic Programme Guide and is an electronic programme magazine that is transmitted with the programmes. The necessary data can easily be obtained from the data stream transmission of a programme or bouquet satellite. The EPG data supplied by the programme provider must of course be readable and processable by the DVB receiver. This takes place via the so-called Application Programming Interface (API). FM Frequency modulation. A method of modulation whereby the input signal varies the frequency of the carrier wave. Footprint The area of the earth's surface covered by the beam from a satellite repeater. It refers to the geographical area in which the particular TV or radio programme can be received. The footprint can be represented graphically as a series of more or less concentric circles, each of which has a transmission capacity expressed in dbw. Often, as an alternative the antenna size required within the circle is shown. Frequency A unit of measurement for the number of complete oscillations per second, expressed as oscillations per second, or Hertz (Hz). Therefore, 950 MHz is equivalent to 950 million oscillations per second. Gain A unit of measurement, expressed in decibels, to define the amplification capacity of a parabolic antenna or amplifier. Gain is the opposite of attenuation. The gain of an antenna depends on the diameter of the parabolic reflector and its efficiency. Geo-stationary Geostationary describes objects above the equator that are moving at the same speed as the rotation of the earth. From the position of the observer they appear to be stationary HDTV High Definition Television, or high-resolution television. This system has been tested by broadcasting the most important sporting events. The main characteristics of HDTV are: wide-screen format (16:09), double the number of screen lines (from currently 625 to 1250) and digital audio quality. Latitude The separation expressed in degrees of a particular spot on the surface of the earth and the equator. The corresponding value can be obtained from geographical charts. It is important for the calculation of the elevation and declination when erecting a fixed or moveable antenna. Others 133

8 Little SAT lexicon LNB, Universal Quattro Converter that has two separate outputs for polarity balance: linear vertical and linear horizontal. It is used in centralised intermediate frequency splitter systems, as well as for small or large networks. LNB, V/H LNB, which can distinguish between the polarity of the received channels according to voltage: 14 V for the horizontal channels 18 V for vertical channels or vice versa, according to make and model. By using voltage change, a V/H-LNB can use a single cable to transmit horizontal and vertical channels. LNB/LNC Low Noise Block Converter = a receive converter that converts the incoming signal into a lower frequency and amplifies it at the same time. MHz Abbreviation for MegaHertz. The unit of measurement for radio and TV transmission frequencies. One MegaHertz equates to one million complete oscillations per second. Modulator An electronic device that applies audio and visual signals to a carrier frequency and in effect produces a new signal. The modulator is built into the video recorder and satellite receiver in order to use the antenna cable as the connection with the TV equipment. In common-use satellite facilities the modulator is used to produce a TV channel with which to distribute a satellite programme simultaneously with terrestrial channels, without changing the network and subscriber sockets. MPEG Motion Picture Expert Group. A standard for digital compression of TV images. The MPEG-1 has been used for some time for optical discs and its quality is comparable with a middle range videocassette. MPEG-2 has better characteristics and is suitable for broadcast transmissions. MPEG-2 Is codified under ISO IEC Standard The system codification is defined in Part 1, the video codification in Part 2 and the audio codification in Part 3. Multifeed A technology that enables several satellites to be received with one fixed antenna. The system is based on defocusing the parabolic reflector as several LNBs are applied. Offset A parabolic bowl that is a section of a larger bowl, where the focal point has been shifted from the centre and hence away from the signal stream hitting the bowl. OSD On Screen Display. The display of commands and data lists in menu form on the TV screen, whereby all the functions of the equipment can be controlled and programmed using the remote-control device. Parabolic antenna Antenna, similar to a concave mirror, that concentrates incoming signals to a focal point, where the LNB supply feedhorn is located. Pay TV Subscription, or Pay TV, is TV broadcasts that can only be received on condition of payment and are financed by the receiver. The majority of programmes are either partially, or completely encoded (scrambled) and therefore only receivable with a special decoder. Polarisation A level, that corresponds to the electrical components of an electromagnetic wave. Satellite transmissions use two separate levels, the horizontal and vertical, to make better use of the frequency spectrum. The basis of the system is that the bands of two adjacent channels can partially overlap. The possible resultant interference can be prevented if the channels are differently polarised. Using this system, the ASTRA satellite is now able to transmit more than 50 TV channels that lie adjacent to each other and partially overlap, without any interference arising between any of them. SimulCrypt DVB SimulCrypt refers specifically to the interoperability requirements between two or more frontend CA systems. Single band LNB Standard LNB suitable for the reception of the single frequency band (FSS, DBS or SMS) without switching polarity level. Splitter Signal splitter required to divide the output signal of a device (LNB or amplifier) to several receivers. Spot Coverage area of the satellite that is limited to a small spot on the earth's surface. Teletext An information service transmitted along with a TV programme that can only be received by suitably equipped television equipment. Information can be displayed on a maximum of 999 pages, which can be viewed page by page on television equipment with the Videotext facility. Some television equipment stores a set number of pages so as to make them directly accessible. Terrestrial This refers to all surface broadcasting with the exception of space and astronomical transmissions. Using a normal (terrestrial) house antenna television and radio programmes can be received. Transmission loss Reduction of the signal level at each output, e.g. we split as within receiver equipment. Transponder Signal amplifier. Each satellite carries a specific number of transponders. The transponder can transmit one (ASTRA), or in some cases two (Intelsat and EUTELSAT) TV channels. For a digital transmission system, a single transponder can carry more than two radio or TV channels. The transponder receives a signal in a particular frequency from the earth and retransmits it with a different frequency back to earth again. TV Band Frequency band between 40 and 860 MHz, in which terrestrial TV channels are broadcast. UHF Ultra High Frequency. Frequencies between 300 and 3000 MHz that are also used for terrestrial television broadcasting between channel 21 (470 MHz) and channel 69 (860 MHz). Upgrade English expression for equipping an operating system, or electrical apparatus (computer, SAT receiver, etc.), so that it conforms to the latest technical developments. Upgrading means exchanging a circuit, card or other item, or the addition of other items in an already functioning equipment to make it more powerful. VHF Very High Frequency. Frequencies between 30 and 300 MHz, for radio as well as television broadcasting. Video Electronic information that is produced when a real picture is converted into an electronic signal. The video signal has certain specific characteristics so that it conforms to the worldwide standard for image transmissions Receiver Processes the signals coming from the LNB for the TV equipment. Reflector / Mirror Element of the parabolic antenna that concentrates the received energy onto the focal point. Satellite receiver A device that, in conjunction with an antenna, converts a received signal into a form suitable for TV equipment. Scart plug Plug connection on TV equipment, video and satellite recorders, for the transfer of video and audio signals. Service Information Digital data describing the distribution system, content and programming of a broadcast datastream, etc. The information includes MPEG-2 PSI along with independently defined extensions. Signal General description for data, information, audio or video, the content of which has been electronically altered so that it can be transmitted over distances or to link various pieces of apparatus. 134

9 Computer connections Description Usage Connection 9 pin SUB-D Serial interfaces e.g. for modem / mouse / etc. 15 pin SUB-D e.g. for joystick / Apple 15 pin HD e.g. for monitor and VGA card 25 pin SUB-D parallel/serial e.g. for printer / modem 36 pin Centronics e.g. for printers 5 pin DIN e.g. for keyboard / mouse / etc. 6 pin Mini DIN / PS2 e.g. for keyboard / mouse RCA e.g. for audio / video rechts 3.5 mm plug e.g. for audio / soundcard / etc. Masse links RJ45 / US standard e.g. for networks / ISDN / DSL USB 3.0 e.g. for printers / keyboards / etc. type A type B Micro USB 3.0 e.g. for mobile phone type micro B USB 2.0 e.g. for printers / keyboards / etc. type A type B Mini USB 2.0 e.g. for MP3 player / digital camera Micro USB 2.0 e.g. for mobile phone type micro A type micro B Others IEEE 1394 / IEEE 1394b e.g. for camcorder / etc. IEEE pin IEEE pin IEEE 1394b 9 pin 135

10 Computer connections Connection Description Usage SATA For connecting hard drives esata For connecting external hard drives DVI e.g. for monitor / beamer / DVD player / etc. DVI-A only analog signals DVI-I single link analog and digital signals up to 4.95 Mbps DVI-I dual link analog and digital signals up to 9.50 Mbps DVI-D single link only digital signals up to 4.95 Mbps DVI-D dual link only digital signals up to 9.50 Mbps HDMI e.g. for plasma screens / DVD players DisplayPort e.g. for TFT screens 136

11 USB 3.0 Under the name "Super Speed" the new USB Version 3.0 has now become established as the successor to the previously widespread USB 2.0 standard. The essential advantages of the new USB standard include a high data transfer rate and an optimised power supply: Transfer rate In contrast to the USB 2.0 standard ("High Speed") with transfer rates of 480 Mbit/sec, as "Super Speed", USB 3.0 has a transfer rate of 5 Gbit/sec in full duplex mode and therefore a tenfold increase in transfer rate compared with USB 2.0. Power supply As with conventional USB cables, the power supply to peripheral devices can be made via the USB cable. However, the maximum current has been increased from 500 ma to 900 ma. This current can only be utilised after identification of the devices. Lead length A restriction of the length of the USB 3.0 lead is not planned. The only restriction in this context is the compliance with all requirements. Lead construction In addition to the four wires of a conventional USB cable, the USB 3.0 cable has two additional differential cable pairs (one for each transfer direction). With classic USB cables, the two wires are twisted and transfer the data signal as a differential signal, whereby the second pair of wires is used for the power supply. USB plug Because of the additional pair of conductors in the USB 3.0 cable, the plugs are also different to conventional USB plugs. The Type A plugs have the same structure, but a wider contact level with five adjacent contacts behind the contact level of the 2.0 plug. These contacts are only activated if the A plug is plugged in as far as the stop. With the type B plug, the difference can be seen from the outside. This has an upper section above the USB 2.0 plug. This upper section accommodates the five additional contacts for USB 3.0. Downward compatibility The plug design is implemented so that conventional USB leads with A and B plugs can still be used with USB 3.0 interfaces, however not with USB 3.0 data transfer rates. USB 2.0 USB stands for Universal Serial Bus and is an industrial standard for the connection of various peripherals to the computer. In comparison to the usual interfaces, USB provides excellent performance and has the great advantage that peripheral devices can be connected and removed whilst the computer is in use. The terms in frequent use are: hot-plug and hot-unplug. A further advantage is that the 5 V power supply is provided on the bus ( bus power ). For this reason many USB devices come without separate power supply. There is therefore just one cable, the USB cable. By means of USB hubs and corresponding cascading, up to 127 devices can be connected without interruption conflicts arising. In addition to mice and keyboards this includes in particular scanners, printers, and reading devices for digital photo and video storage media. In addition, there is the opportunity to network PCs via USB, and numerous converters are available to enable devices without the USB facility to be connected. The most up-to-date standard is USB 2.0. This provides a data transfer rate up to 480 Mbit/s (high-speed), which represents an almost 40x increase in comparison to the old USB 1.1 standard. USB 2.0 is completely downwards compatible with the old data rates 1.5 Mbit/s (Low-Speed) and 11 Mbit/s (Full-Speed) of the old standards. When used in a mixed environment, the data transfer rate is always set to the most rapid possible. There are two plug types USB A and USB B respectively Mini USB A and Mini USB B. In all USB environments that type A plug always points towards the host and the type B plug to the USB equipment. The use of this mechanical coding is necessary as the host (computer) can provide the power supply for the equipment connected. If the same plug was used at both ends other USB cable, then it would be possible to connect together to power sources inadvertently. This would cable to damage of the equipment connected (e.g. power pack or main board). All Vivanco products, including data switches follow this plug system thus making USB cables with type AA plugs redundant. Others In general, the following applies: Never use passive USB cables with the same plug at each end. 137

12 USB USB on-the-go With current USB systems a computer is always necessary to enabled data transfer between equipments connected. For example, it would not be possible for a printer to print directly from a digital camera without a central PC, or notebook, etc., being connected. To provide this facility for uses, the USB on the go standard (OTG) was developed as an extension to USB 2.0. This enables one equipment to act as the host, whilst the other equipment acts as the device. In the case described above (digital camera - printer) the camera can take over the function of the host, and, using the menu function on the camera display, the user is able to control the printing of his pictures on a connected USB printer (device). Other examples are the exchange of MP3 files between an MP3 player and an OTG capable mobile telephone, or the data transfer between two PDAs via USB. Due to compatibility with USB 2.0, the maximum OTG data transfer rate is 480 Mbit/s. USB connections and performance Interface USB 1.1 USB 2.0 Info Data transfer serial in accordance with USB 1.1 standard serial in accordance with USB 2.0 standard Speed 1.5 Mbps 12 Mbps 1.5 Mbps 480 Mbps Bi-directional yes yes Cable single shielded cable double shielded cable Twisted pair data cables Maximum length 5.0 m 5.0 m Compatibility Fully downwards compatible to USB 1.1 Plugs type A type B type A type B Interface Mini USB Micro USB Info Data transfer serial in accordance with USB 2.0 standard serial in accordance with USB 2.0 standard Speed 1.5 Mbps 480 Mbps 1.5 Mbps 480 Mbps Bi-directional yes yes Cable double shielded cable double shielded cable Twisted pair data cables Twisted pair data cables Maximum length 5.0 m 5.0 m Compatibility Fully downwards compatible to USB 1.1 Fully downwards compatible to USB 1.1 Plugs type A type mini B type micro A type micro B 138

13 Printer connection method The printer interface concept was developed in the seventies by the market cableer at the time, centronics. It was a quicker variant of the serial interface as it was able to achieve the parallel transfer of 8 sets of data and the matrix printer could already process up to approx 150 Kbyte/sec. In 1991, IBM, Lexmark und TI amongst others, developed rapid and powerful protocols with the IEEE connection and transfer techniques via this interface, that allowed the faster printers to be connected along with many other external equipments, such as scanners, streamers and cameras. In the meantime, this type of connection has largely been superseded by the USB system. It is only needed for older equipment or operating systems. Serial ATA / extern Serial ATA Serial ATA, or SATA for short (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is the technical successor of the former ATA hard drive connection. In comparison to previous standards (parallel) ATA 100 or ATA 133, SATA has considerable advantages. On the one hand the data transfer rate could be increased from 133 Mbps to 150 Mbps. On the other hand the specification incorporates significant mechanical and electrical alterations. Pivotal is the serial data transfer procedure. Increasing speed and the resultant synchronisation problems with parallel operation now make it impossible to continue with the parallel transfer system. In comparison to the 40/80-pin cable, the 7-pin SATA cable is considerably thinner and more flexible, meaning that the airflow in modern high-performance computers is less adversely affected. Another significant characteristic is the ability to connect and disconnect peripheral equipment whilst the computer is operating (hot plugging). Since 2004, using SATA II data transfer rate of 300 Mbps has been achieved by 2007 a rate of 600 Mbps should have been achieved. The SATA interface is downwards compatible to the ATA standard, meaning that ATA hard drives can be operated using an active adapter. SATA will be on even greater significance, once the new serial SCSI standard (SAS) has become more widely used. SAS hard drives will be able to be operated using SATA interfaces. SATA power supply will continue to be provided via a separate power supply cable that will require new specification. SATA The SATA standard was designed for use inside the computer and therefore does not have the necessary shielding to protect it from electromagnetic interference and the plugs do not meet the requirements for external use. In order to be able to connect external hard drives using the highspeed SATA standard, an upgrade of the SATA standard was designed, the External Serial ATA (esata). esata The upgrade is related to the shielding of the entire cable and the geometric shape of the plug and sockets. The shielding makes external operation possible. The newly developed plug/socket geometry prevents unintentional internal use of an esata cable and improves the mechanical stability of the plugs to prevent them from being pulled out by accident. Others 139

14 Monitor and display connections VGA: VGA stands for Video Graphics Adapter and means the transfer of images using the three analog RGB (red/blue/green) component signals and two digital synchronising signals - HS (horizontal sync.) and VS (vertical sync.)- normally with a (min.) resolution of 800 x 600 pixels. Higher resolutions are denoted by SVGA, XGA or SXGA, but the signal names referred to above remain identical, however. VGA connection DVI Cable Digital Visual Interface: With this new technology, the digital signals from a PC are sent directly to the connected digital monitor. Using the DVI standard avoids the need for a 2-way analog/digital conversion. This provides a faster rate of data transfer and higher image resolution. The increased performance is used in particular for digital video processing, but also for high speed computer games. In addition to the high-quality connection cables required, VIVANCO also provides adapters to link current digital systems to the new digital technology. However, for the transfer of video data, DVI will only function if the copy protection protocol, HDCP, is installed into each equipment. DVI is increasingly replacing VGA as the standard graphics interface. DVI-D connection DVI-D-Connection: The DVI-D plug will carry digital signals only. Note that a DVI-I cable cannot be inserted into a DVI-D socket that does not have the notch for the analog pins. DVI-I-Connection: The DVI-I plug connection carries digital as well as analog signals. Both DVI-D and DVI-I can be connected. Please note that the specification does not cater for cables with a length greater than 7.5 m. Vivanco DVI cables are characterised by their solid all-metal shielded plugs and double shielded cable configuration. DVI-I connection HDMI High Definition Multimedia Interface: This new digital interface was designed by the development group specifically for the requirements of home entertainment, as digitalisation is being used more and more in this segment. Examples are DVD, DVB, plasma and LCD displays. This new purely digital A/V interface avoids the need for the usual two way digital to analog conversion to produce brilliant image and audio reproduction. The large bandwidth of up to 5GB/s almost doubles the already very high requirements of HDTV. HDTV works at 2.2 MB/s. In addition to digital video signals, HDMI also enables the transfer of digital audio signals. In order to allay the concerns of the film industry about illegal copying, the HDMI transfer protocol incorporates the HDCP copy protection (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection). Similarly, a remote control function is incorporated that is also based on the common universal remote control protocols CEC and AV.link. This means that equipment connected by HDMI can be operated using infrared remote control. HDMI has been established for several years as the DVI interface in the field of high quality graphics cards and monitors. This enables downwards compatibility with existing DVI equipment, which is achieved by means of an adapter cable. Vivanco has the cables necessary to make such a connection in its product range. DisplayPort: 140 The DisplayPort interface was developed to replace the current VGA standard. The DisplayPort technology supports higher frequencies, colour depths and image refresh rates than the VGA standard, has thinner cables and compact connectors. In contrast to VGA, the new standard supports video and audio signals. The DisplayPort was specially developed for the latest graphics and display technologies and supports data transfer rates up to 10.8 Gbit/s. DisplayPort connection

15 Monitor and display connections Connections and performance Interface VGA DVI HDMI DisplayPort Info Image data analog analog / digital digital digital Audio data digital digital Protocol --- TMDS TMDS 8B / 10B Coding Bandwidth 165 MHz 330 MHz 165 MHz Video / 192 khz Audio Maximum 1280 x x x x 1600 / 1920 x 1200 resolution Recommended max 10.0 m max 10.0 m max 15.0 m cable length Colour intensity 12/24 Bit 12/24 Bit 24 Bit Compatible with VGA / HDMI Video DVI VGA, DVI, HDMI Additional USB and IEEE 1394 available Auxiliary channel, 1 Mbit/s features Networks and communication It is now difficult to imagine a modern world without Internet or network communication. Whether you want to access the Internet using analog telephone links, ISDN, or DSL, or where the want to network several computers using a LAN, Vivanco has the suitable accessories. In the last few years, network technology has undergone continuous further development. It is therefore important that older networks can be linked in to the new standards. The Vivanco range of network cards offers a solution for every eventuality. A 100 Mbit hub that, like the Vivanco models, is downwards compatible with the 10 Mbit network cards, must carry out every data transfer over the whole network at 10 Mbit, if even a single 10 Mbit component is included. A switch can process both data rates in parallel, and effectively operates up to five times as fast in mixed networks. Only a switch makes the investment in 100 Mbit network cards worthwhile. Online connection methods and different connection types There are three main ways to access the Internet using a PC: 1. Analog via modem: for small amounts of data the speed is acceptable. A TAE 'N' cable is used for the connection as used for the connection of telephones or fax machines. 2. Digital via ISDN: for this, an ISDN card must be built into the PC. In addition an ISDN connection must be available, to which the PC must be connected. The speed is acceptable, the advantage is that two channels can be used in parallel and independently. 3. DSL: the PC is provided with a commercially available network card and DSL drivers. The transfer rate is from 480 KB/sec. up to 8 MB/sec. For the price to performance ratio, there is no real alternative to DSL. Others 141

16 Networks and communication Connections and performance Network card CAT 5 CAT 5e CAT 6 CAT 7 analog Modem ISDN DSL Networking options Star Star Star Star No, Yes, Yes, only above via S0-Bus on Ethernet Special server Number of PCs unlimited unlimited unlimited unlimited 1 2 unlimited Type of cable twisted pair twisted pair twisted pair twisted pair unshielded unshielded twisted pair Telephoneconnection Telephoneconnection Speed Up to Up to Up to Up to Up to Up to Up to 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps 1000 Mbps 1000 Mbps 56 kbps 128 kbps 1.5 Mbps Plug RJ45 shielded shielded shielded TAE-N / RJ11 RJ45 shielded RJ45 RJ45 RJ45 RJ45 Max. cable length 15.0m 100.0m 20.0m 400.0m 15.0m to HUB S/FTP (Screened Foiled Twisted Pair) Copper Kupferleiter conductor Wire Adernisolierung insulation Wire Aderpaar pair Pair Paarschirm screen Overall Gesamtschirm screen Cable Kabelmantel jacket FTP (Foiled Twisted Pair) Copper Kupferleiter conductor Wire Adernisolierung insulation Wire Aderpaar pair Pair Paarschirm screen Cable Kabelmantel jacket S/UTP (Screened Unshielded Twisted Pair) Kupferleiter Copper conductor Adernisolierung Wire insulation Aderpaar Wire pair Gesamtschirm Overall screen Kabelmantel Cable jacket UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) Kupferleiter Copper conductor Adernisolierung Wire insulation Aderpaar Wire pair Kabelmantel Cable jacket 142

17 Data transfer connections External Connections Serial IrDA USB IEEE 1394 IEEE 1394b Data rate 128 kbps kbps 1.5 Mbps 400 Mbps 800 Mbps to to 4 Mbps 480 Mpbs Number of equipments Maximum length 20.0m 1.2m 5.0m 4.5m 4.5m Plugs 9 pin. SUB-D --- USB Typ A 4 pin. IEEE pin. IEEE 1394b 25 pin. SUB-D USB Typ B 6 pin. IEEE 1394 PC Internal Connections Floppy IDE ULTRA ATA Serial ATA (SATA) Data rate 500 kbps 16.6 Mbps 66 Mbps 150 Mbps 100 Mbps Number of equipments Maximum length 1.2m 1.2m 0.5m 1.0m Plugs 34 pin. IDC 40 pin. IDC 40 pin. IDC 7 pin. SATA Plugs 34 pin. Board plug Others 143