Flat-Panel Display (LCD) Versus High-Resolution Gray-Scale Display (CRT) for Chest Radiography: An Observer Preference Study
|
|
- Dorthy Daniel
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 - Balassy et al. Display Preferences for Chest Radiography Csilla Balassy 1 Mathias Prokop 1,2 Michael Weber 1 Johannes Sailer 1 Christian J. Herold 1 Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop 1,3 Received February 12, 2003; accepted after revision August 10, Department of Radiology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria. Address correspondence to C. Balassy. 2 Department of Radiology, UMC, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 3 Present address: Department of Radiology, Amsterdam Medish Centrum (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. AJR 2005;184: X/05/ American Roentgen Ray Society Flat-Panel Display (LCD) Versus High-Resolution Gray-Scale Display (CRT) for Chest Radiography: An Observer Preference Study OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to compare cathode ray tube (CRT) display with liquid crystal display (LCD) for soft-copy viewing of chest radiographs in a clinical setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We displayed 80 posteroanterior digital chest radiographs side by side on a 5-megapixel CRT display and a 3-megapixel LCD. Gradation characteristics of both monitors were adjusted to DICOM display standards. Using a 4-point scale, seven radiologists ranked overall image quality and visibility of anatomic landmarks. Data analysis included Wilcoxon s rank sum test to assess the significance of preference for the different display modes and calculation of the percentage of images ranked equally by at least five of the seven radiologists. RESULTS. Wilcoxon s rank sum test found significant preferences (p < 0.001) for the CRT display for visualization of structures in low-attenuation areas of the thorax and for the LCD for visualization of structures in high-attenuation areas of the thorax. Overall image quality was ranked equal by at least five radiologists in 70% of cases, whereas for the remaining images a significant preference was found for the CRT display. CONCLUSION. We conclude that, under subdued ambient lighting conditions and without use of windowing, for most images the overall quality is equal with high-resolution CRT display and LCD. In images judged preferentially, we found a significant superiority for LCD for delineating mediastinal structures and for CRT display for delineating structures in the lung. ith the rapid development of WPACS in radiology, digital image interpretation is being introduced at an ever-growing number of hospitals. The technical, financial, and practical advantages of digital radiology can be exploited to their full potential only when image evaluation relies solely on soft-copy display. Results of several previous studies in various areas of diagnostic imaging have shown that soft-copy image quality is at least comparable to conventional hard-copy imaging and that primary soft-copy evaluation is feasible [1 6]. Most of these studies used cathode ray tube (CRT) displays and focused on the impact of technical parameters, such as luminescence, spatial resolution or data processing, and diagnostic performance [7 9]. Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are common in consumer electronics but only recently have been introduced for soft-copy interpretations in radiology. Compared with CRT displays, LCDs are characterized by a lower matrix size but a higher small-spot contrast ratio and larger dynamic range [10 12]. Although initial studies described a relatively high number of missing pixels ( black holes ) per panel, most recent publications reported excellent spatial resolution and a high uniformity and almost complete elimination of veiling glare [12]. Experience with LCDs for diagnostic evaluation is limited. A questionnaire that evaluated keyboard usage, acceptability of monitor screen, and display size did not find significant differences between the LCDs and the CRT displays [10]. No further evaluations of diagnostic performance or more specific assessments of image quality in a clinical setting have been performed, to our knowledge. The purpose of our study was, therefore, to compare the image quality of CRT displays and LCDs in a clinical setting by subjective assessment of the quality of side-by-side images. Materials and Methods Study Group We retrospectively selected 80 upright posteroanterior chest radiographs for the study. The study group included 40 radiographs with normal findings and 40 radiographs with abnormal findings, for which lesion conspicuity was classified as being low 752 AJR:184, March 2005
2 Display Preferences for Chest Radiography in 12 cases, moderate in 13 cases, and high in 15 cases. Radiographs were selected to encompass a variety of pulmonary pathology and to represent a wide range of patient constitution (Table 1). Classification of normal and abnormal findings was based on a consensus interpretation by two experienced chest radiologists who were not otherwise involved in the study. All chest radiographs were clinically indicated, having been requested by clinicians as part of the patient s diagnostic workup regardless of this study. At the time our study was conducted, our ethics committee did not require its approval or patient-informed consent for a study of this type, because patient reports had been based on hard-copy interpretation, and softcopy interpretation was not yet routinely used in our department for projection radiography. The study setup was in agreement with the Helsinki declaration, according to which all patient-related information (such as name or identification number) was obscured during interpretation. Image Acquisition and Processing We obtained the posteroanterior chest radiographs with a flat-panel digital radiography system TABLE 1 Summary of Pathologic Findings Finding No. Focal pulmonary disease 14 Atelectasis 2 Infection 8 Granuloma 2 Metastasis 1 Cyst 1 Diffuse pulmonary disease 11 Congestion 5 Emphysema 2 Fibrosis 3 Chronic bronchitis 3 Displacement of the mediastinal contours 12 because of Cardiomegaly 10 Lymphadenopathy 1 Struma (goiter) 1 Chest wall abnormality 9 Pleural effusion 5 Rib fracture 1 Adhesion 1 Chest wall resection 1 Pneumothorax 1 (Digital Diagnost, Philips Medical Systems). Exposures were taken with 125 kvp, an integrated 12:1 grid, and a 2-m detector tube distance using automatic exposure control that was adjusted to a system sensitivity of 400. Images were processed with the same algorithm that is routinely used in our institution for processing hard copies of chest films and is based on unsharp mask filtering (lungs adjusted to an optical density of 1.8, a gamma of 2.6, detail contrast enhancement of 0.4, and noise reduction of 0.8). The image matrix was 2,941 3,021 pixels, with a pixel size of mm. Monitor Technology Images were evaluated on a high-resolution 5- megapixel monochrome (gray-scale) CRT display (HB 2183, Agfa) and a 3-megapixel LCD (C3, Dome). Actual matrix resolutions were 2,048 1,536 for the LCD and 2,560 2,048 for the CRT display. The theoretic maximum brightness was 515 candelas (cd)/m 2 for the LCD and 600 cd/m 2 for the CRT display. The CRT faceplate was covered by an antireflective coating. The two displays had equal screen sizes (30 40 cm). Display functions agreed with the DICOM standard based on the Barten model [13] to ensure a consistent image appearance with both devices. Maximum luminance was adjusted to 300 cd/m 2 for both displays; minimum luminance was set as low as possible ( 0.3 cd/m 2 ). Maximum and minimum luminance values were set under the same ambient lighting conditions while the interpretation took place. Image Evaluation and Interpretation Methodology The two monitors were side by side on a standard table so that lighting conditions were identical for both. The ambient lighting in the room was subdued (< 20 lux). No additional image processing was applied for the monitor displays. No online processing, such as magnification or windowing, was available. Viewing distance could be adjusted to individual preference; viewing angle was consistently close to 90 with both displays to eliminate the effects of off-angle viewing. The images were evaluated by seven radiologists, two of whom were senior chest radiologists, one with more than 15 years of experience in digital radiology. The other five were senior residents (fourth and fifth year). All radiologists were familiar with soft-copy interpretation of cross-sectional images on a CRT display but had variable experience with soft-copy interpretation of radiographic studies. All radiologists had only limited experience with LCDs. Loading of images from the PACS workstation onto either monitor took less than 2 sec. Evaluation time per image was unlimited. The posteroanterior chest radiographs of the 80 patients were presented in a random order that was different for each radiologist. The two monitors displayed the same radiograph simultaneously for direct comparison. Radiologists were asked to grade, subjectively, the delineation of a number of anatomic landmarks that were within high- and low-attenuation areas of the chest radiograph. Within the high-attenuation area, radiologists scored the visibility of the lower trachea, the carina, and retrocardiac vascular structures. Within the low-attenuation areas, they scored the visibility of the peripheral vessels in the 2-cm-wide subpleural space, of the perihilar structures in the 2-cm-wide perihilar space, and of the lung parenchyma, including abnormal densities. We used a subjective scoring system ranging from 1 to 4, with 4 representing very good, 3 good, 2 satisfactory, and 1 insufficient visibility of the structure under evaluation. The radiologists were instructed to rank visibility of structures on the monitor display by coding appreciated differences in image quality with appropriate scores. Equal visibility ranked equally; radiologists were not forced to express a preference for one monitor over the other. Overall image quality also was classified using the same 4-point scale. Radiologists were asked to determine whether they appreciated differences in image quality that would potentially influence the detection or interpretation of abnormalities. However, we did not specifically assess the detection of thoracic abnormalities. Data Analysis A power analysis for the comparison of the two monitor displays was performed using the nquery Adviser program, version 5.0 (Statistical Solutions). The error value was set at 0.05, and the β-error value and the power were calculated. Cohen s definition of effect sizes was applied as follows: A small-effect size ( ) meant a nonoverlap in 0 15%, a medium-effect size ( ) meant a nonoverlap in 21 33%, and a large-effect size ( ) meant a nonoverlap in 38 47% [14]. Wilcoxon s rank sum test was used to assess the significance of differences between ratings at a p level of less than This was performed on a reviewer-by-reviewer basis and after averaging the scores over the seven radiologists. We also calculated the proportion of images (percentage of n = 80) for which multiple radiologists agreed on equal display quality or uniformly preferred one of the two monitor displays. The threshold was arbitrarily determined at a level of five, meaning that five, six, or all seven radiologists agreed on an equal or preferential image quality. A two-sided binomial test was used to assess whether the numbers of images that had been rated uniformly to be superior by at least five AJR:184, March
3 Balassy et al. radiologists were significantly different for the two displays (p < 0.05). Results The results of the power sample size calculation indicated a power of 100%, 86%, and 23% for large-, medium-, and small-effect sizes, respectively (Table 2). Overall image quality was ranked equal by at least five radiologists in 70% of cases. For the remaining images, overall image quality was judged significantly superior with the CRT display (p < 0.001). Agreement on equal display quality was reached by at least five of the seven radiologists for retrocardiac vessels in 85% of cases, for perihilar structures in 75% of cases, and for peripheral vessels in 74% of cases. For the contours of the trachea and for the lung parenchyma, the proportion of images with equal display quality was lower, at 51% and 54%, respectively (Table 3). For the images judged differently, Wilcoxon s rank sum test found significant preferences (p < 0.001) for the CRT display in visualization of structures in low-attenuation areas of the thorax and for the LCD in visualization of structures in high-attenuation areas of the thorax. Delineation of the tracheal contour and retrocardiac vessels was ranked superiorly with LCD, whereas delineation of perihilar structures, peripheral vessels, and the lung parenchyma was ranked superiorly with CRT display. Results of Wilcoxon s rank sum test for averaged interpretations and individual interpretations are summarized in Tables 4 and 5. Discussion The increasing number of PACS installations is inevitably associated with a growing transition from hard-copy evaluation to the exclusive use of soft-copy evaluation [15]. Although soft-copy evaluation readily is accepted for cross-sectional imaging methods, such as CT or MRI, primarily because of organizational issues, acceptance of soft-copy displays for primary evaluation of radiographic images is more tentative. Yet, multiple studies show an equal performance for soft-copy and hard-copy interpretations for different indications and specific imaging requirements [1, 6, 16 19]. Some studies, using CRT displays, concentrated on the impact of technical parameters such as spatial resolution or brightness [10, 20, 21], the availability of windowing [19, 22], or the impact of ambient lighting [22, 23]. The most recently introduced active matrix LCDs offer some ergonomic, financial, and display-related advantages over the traditional curved-surface CRT displays. The advantages of flat-panel LCDs include elimination of distortion artifacts, lower susceptibility to light reflections, and a shallower and lighter monitor [10]. Despite the slightly lower matrix size of LCDs, most recent evaluations underline the excellent performance of LCDs based on physical parameters [12]. Experience with LCDs for diagnostic evaluation is limited. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to test the image quality of both monitor types for the evaluation of chest radiographs in a clinical setting. The setup was a subjective preference study using direct side-by-side comparison. The selected study group of 80 images showed a broad range of patient constitution and a variety of pulmonary abnormalities that were thought to be representative of a clinical setting. To evaluate the significance of difference for a medium- or large-effect size, the power of the study setup was sufficiently high, at 86% and 100%, respectively. Wilcoxon s rank sum test was applied to assess the significance of preferences. Results TABLE 3 TABLE 2 Parameter Results of the Power Analysis Small Medium Large D value a Nonoverlap (%) Power (%) Note. Power analysis was performed using nquery Advisor, version 5.0 (Statistical Solutions). a size, which is difference of means divided by SD. suggested that the LCD was preferred (p < 0.001) for the delineation of structures in high-attenuation areas such as the mediastinum. The CRT display was preferred (p < 0.001) for the delineation of structures in lowattenuation areas such as the lung. These differences likely would have lost importance had online windowing been available. Based on the physical properties of CRT displays, their slightly higher matrix may have contributed to the radiologists preference of them for displaying lung parenchyma, and similarly, the higher small-spot contrast ratio of the LCD may have contributed to the superior delineation of the contrast differences in the high-attenuation area of the mediastinum Comparison of CRT and LCD Image Quality, Based on Ratings of at Least Five of Seven Radiologists Difference a Mediastinum 41 (51) 6 (7.25) Retrocardiac vessels 68 (85) Not significant Perihilar structures 60 (75) 1 (1.25) Not significant Peripheral vessels 59 (74) 2 (2.5) Not significant Lung parenchyma 43 (54) 4 (5) Not significant Overall image quality 56 (70) Note. Data are numbers of images (n = 80), with percentages in parentheses. Dash ( ) indicates no agreement on superior image quality for either display type by at least five of the seven radiologists. CRT = cathode ray tube, LCD = liquid crystal displays. TABLE 4 Comparison of CRT and LCD Image Quality, Based on Ratings Averaged over Seven Radiologists Difference Mediastinum < Retrocardiac vessels < Perihilar structures < Peripheral vessels < Lung parenchyma < Overall image quality < Note. All differences were significant using Wilcoxon s rank sum test (p < 0.05). Preferred display is marked in bold. CRT = cathode ray tube, LCD = liquid crystal displays. 754 AJR:184, March 2005
4 Display Preferences for Chest Radiography TABLE 5 Comparison of CRT and LCD Image Quality, Based on Individual Ratings by Seven Radiologists Difference Mediastinum < < < < < < < Retrocardiac vessels < < < < < < < Perihilar structures < < < < < < < Peripheral vessels < < < < < < < Lung parenchyma < < < < < < < Overall image quality < < < < < < < Note. differences was tested using Wilcoxon s rank sum test (p < 0.05). Preferred display is marked in bold. CRT = cathode ray tube, LCD = liquid crystal displays. [24]. Although the image appearance of both display devices closely complied with DICOM standards, it is problematic how much the slightly different gamma characteristics of the displays influenced these results. The lesser familiarity of the radiologists with LCDs also may have influenced the results. All radiologists confirmed that, according to their subjective impression, the appreciated differences in image quality had no relevant impact on diagnostic performance, although this factor was not specifically tested. A recently published study that evaluated the detection rate of intrapulmonary nodules using receiver-operating-characteristic methodology also reported no significant performance differences [25]. Two other studies from our department, which tested the ability to detect catheter fragments and simulated subtle pulmonary lesions with identical soft-copy interpretation hardware, similarly found no significant performance differences between the two display types. Although the subjective preferences for the two monitor types were statistically significant using the nonparametric Wilcoxon s rank sum test, these preferences were based on relatively few images, whereas for most images, delineation of structures was judged to be equal. In 70% of the images, at least five radiologists agreed that overall display quality was equal. For no examination was a clear preference (by at least five of seven radiologists) seen for either of the two monitors with regard to overall image quality. For various anatomic areas, the rates of images with equal display quality were even higher (85% for retrocardiac vessels, 75% for perihilar structures, and 74% for peripheral vessels). The mediastinum and the lung parenchyma represented those anatomic areas that were subject to lower agreement among radiologists and for which the rates of equal display quality were lower (e.g., 51% and 54%, respectively). Potential disadvantages of the CRT display include distortion artifacts caused by the curved front surface and its increased susceptibility to light reflections. Our results do not suggest a systematic deterioration of image quality in the lung because of distortion artifacts, although we did not specifically address this problem. Other clinical indications, such as stereotactic biopsies or orthopedic applications, may be more prone to these artifacts than is chest radiography [11]. Because interpretation conditions were kept constant and equal for both displays, no comment can be made about the susceptibility to ambient AJR:184, March
5 Balassy et al. lighting. A previous study found LCD to be superior to CRT display in discriminating gray-scale differences under bright ambient light [22]. The monitors tested in that study had relatively low luminance values (100 cd/ m 2 for the CRT display vs 250 cd/m 2 for the LCD) and a rather low spatial resolution, so that the results may not be applicable readily to chest radiography. However, our study had some limitations: First, a potential preference bias could not be eliminated because both monitor types could be identified readily. Second, online processing, such as magnification or windowing, which represents an essential part of soft-copy interpretation, was not included in our study setup. This exclusion was to facilitate the study design and to reduce the influence of confounding factors such as individual interpretation habits and variable familiarity with the use of the workstation, all of which affect detection performance but are difficult to control. A third limitation was that we did not specifically address the issue of ability to visualize abnormalities on the images. Addressing this issue would have eliminated the impact of the individual radiologist s detection performance on our results, but our aim was rather to focus the radiologists attention purely on the delineation of anatomic landmarks. Although the delineation of these structures allows a good estimate of image quality, further studies are required to evaluate the ability to detect pathologic structures. A fourth limitation was that the interpretation sessions were rather short (< 45 min), and other aspects such as eye strain and overall fatigue, which have been reported to be greater for CRT displays, were not studied. Finally, another aspect worth considering is the impact of off-angle viewing. Optimal performance depends on a rectangular viewing angle more for the flat-panel display than for the curved-surface monitor. Luminance and contrast of LCDs correlate strongly with viewing direction. Although in this study setting, the effect of off-angle viewing effectively was eliminated by correct placement of the radiologist (directly on-axis in front of the monitor), this issue could become more important in a busy radiologic department. We conclude from our data that, under ideal viewing conditions (subdued ambient lighting, no off-angle viewing) and without online windowing, the overall visibility of anatomic landmarks is equal with high-resolution CRT display and LCD for most images. If differences are appreciated, the LCD appears significantly superior for delineating structures in the mediastinum, and the CRT display appears significantly superior for delineating structures in the lung. References 1. Brill PW, Winchester P, Cahill P. Computed radiography in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units: a comparison of 2.5 K 2 K soft-copy images vs digital hard-copy film. Pediatr Radiol 1996;26: Fajardo LL, Hillman BJ, Pond GD, Carmody RF, Johnson JE, Ferrell WR. Detection of pneumothorax: comparison of digital and conventional chest imaging. AJR 1989;152: Kehler M, Albrechtsson U, Andresdottir A, Larusdottir H, Lundin A. Accuracy of digital radiography using stimulable phosphor for diagnosis of pneumothorax. Acta Radiol 1990;31: Don S, Cohen MD, Kruger RA. Volume detection threshold: quantitative comparison of computed radiography and screen-film radiography in detection of pneumothoraces in animal model that simulates the neonate. Radiology 1995;194: O Connor PJ, Davies AG, Fowler RC. Reporting requirements for skeletal digital radiography: comparison of soft-copy and hard-copy presentation. Radiology 1998;207: Kundel HL, Polansky M, Dalinka MK. Reliability of soft-copy versus hard-copy interpretation of emergency department radiographs: a prototype study. AJR 2001;177: MacMahon H, Metz CE, Doi K, Kim T, Giger ML, Chan HP. Digital chest radiography: effect on diagnostic accuracy of hard copy, conventional video, and reversed gray scale video display formats. Radiology 1988;168: Goodman LR, Foley WD, Wilson CR, Rimm AA, Lawson TL. Digital and conventional chest images: observer performance with Film Digital Radiography Systems. Radiology 1986;158: Krupinski EA, Maloney K, Bessen SC. Receiver operating characteristic evaluation of computer display of adult portable chest radiographs. Invest Radiol 1994;29: Pavlicek W, Owen JM, Peter MB. Active matrix liquid crystal displays for clinical imaging: comparison with cathode ray tube displays. J Digit Imaging 2000;13[2 suppl 1]: Roehrig H, Krupinski EA, Furukawa T. Evaluation of a flat CRT monitor for use in radiology. J Digit Imaging 2001;14: Roehrig H, Fau J, Krupinski EA. LCDs versus CRTs: a comparative performance evaluation. (abstr) Radiology 2002;225(P): Barten PGJ. Physical model for the contrast sensitivity of the human eye. Proc SPIE 1992;1666: Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence, Earlbaum Associates, Mertelmeier T. Why and how is soft copy reading possible in clinical practice? J Digit Imaging 1999;12: Steckel RJ, Batra P, Johnson S. Comparison of hard- and soft-copy digital chest images with different matrix sizes for managing coronary care unit patients. AJR 1995;164: Razavi M, Sayre JW, Taira RK. Receiver operating characteristic study of chest radiographs in children: digital hard-copy film vs 2K 2K softcopy images. AJR 1992;158: Cohen MD, Katz BP, Kalasiniski LA, White SJ, Smith JA, Long B. Digital imaging with a photostimulable phosphor in the chest of newborns. Radiology 1991;181: Kronemer KA, Don S, Luker GD, Hildebolt C. Soft-copy versus hard-copy interpretation of voiding cystoureterography in neonates, infants, and children. AJR 1999;172: Otto D, Bernhardt TM, Rapp-Bernhardt U. Subtle pulmonary abnormalities: detection on monitors with varying spatial resolutions and maximum luminance levels compared with detection on storage phosphor radiographic hard copies. Radiology 1998;207: Graf B, Simon U, Eickmeyer F, Fiedler V. 1K versus 2K monitor: a clinical alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic study of observer performance using pulmonary nodules. AJR 2000;174: Fuchsjaeger MH, Eisenhuber E, Strasser GR, Funovics MA, Prokop M, Schaefer-Prokop CM. Impact of ambient light and windowing on detectability of catheters in soft copy display of bedside chest studies. (abstr) Radiology 2001;217(P): Haak R, Wicht MJ, Hellmich M, Nowak G, Noack MJ. Influence of room lighting on grey-scale perception with a CRT- and a TFT monitor display. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2002;31: Badano A, Flynn MJ, Kanicki J. Accurate small-spot luminance measurements. Displays 2002;23: Siegel EL, Reiner BJ. Comparison of the clinical performance of a high resolution active matrix LCD to a CRT monitor in the assessment of lung nodules using computed radiographic images. (abstr) Radiology 2002;225(P): AJR:184, March 2005
The Diagnosis of Small Solitary Pulmonary Nodule:
The Diagnosis of Small Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: Comparison of Standard and Inverse Digital Images on a High-Resolution Monitor using ROC Analysis 1 Byeong-Kyoo Choi, M.D., In Sun Lee, M.D., Joon Beom
More informationInfluence of display quality on radiologists performance in the detection of lung nodules on radiographs
The British Journal of Radiology, 80 (2007), 738 743 Influence of display quality on radiologists performance in the detection of lung nodules on radiographs N BULS, MSc, W SHABANA, MD, PhD, P VERBEEK,
More information3/2/2016. Medical Display Performance and Evaluation. Objectives. Outline
Medical Display Performance and Evaluation Mike Silosky, MS University of Colorado, School of Medicine Dept. of Radiology 1 Objectives Review display function, QA metrics, procedures, and guidance provided
More informationWhite Paper. Uniform Luminance Technology. What s inside? What is non-uniformity and noise in LCDs? Why is it a problem? How is it solved?
White Paper Uniform Luminance Technology What s inside? What is non-uniformity and noise in LCDs? Why is it a problem? How is it solved? Tom Kimpe Manager Technology & Innovation Group Barco Medical Imaging
More information+ Human method is pattern recognition based upon multiple exposure to known samples.
Main content + Segmentation + Computer-aided detection + Data compression + Image facilities design + Human method is pattern recognition based upon multiple exposure to known samples. + We build up mental
More informationSolution for Nonuniformities and Spatial Noise in Medical LCD Displays by Using Pixel-Based Correction
Solution for Nonuniformities and Spatial Noise in Medical LCD Displays by Using Pixel-Based Correction Tom Kimpe, Albert Xthona, Paul Matthijs, and Lode De Paepe Liquid crystal displays (LCD) are rapidly
More informationMonitor QA Management i model
Monitor QA Management i model 1/10 Monitor QA Management i model Table of Contents 1. Preface ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.
More informationRole of Color in Telemedicine Applications. Elizabeth A. Krupinski, PhD
Role of Color in Telemedicine Applications Elizabeth A. Krupinski, PhD Background Color displays common clinical practice Radiology growing acceptance & use Other ologies & telemed routinely used No validated
More informationDiagnostic Usefulness of Chest Computed Radiography~Film Versus Cathode-Ray Tube Images
Diagnostic Usefulness of Chest Computed Radiography~Film Versus Cathode-Ray Tube Images Takeo Ishigaki, Sadayuki Sakuma, Tokiko Endo, and Mitsuru Ikeda Seventy-one plain chest images obtained by computed
More informationDigital Chest Radiography with a Selenium-Based Flat-Panel Detector Versus a Storage Phosphor System: Comparison of Soft-Copy Images
Jin Mo Goo 1 Jung-Gi Im 1 Jong Hyo Kim 1 Joon Beom Seo 2 Tae Sung Kim 3 Sang June Shine 1 Whal Lee 1 Received February 11, 2000; accepted after revision March 23, 2000. 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul
More informationCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Eur Radiol (2008) 18: 2148 2154 DOI 10.1007/s00330-008-1008-8 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS Yusuke Kawasumi Takayuki Yamada Hideki Ota Masahiro Tsuboi Kei Takase Akihiro Sato Shuichi Higano Tadashi Ishibashi Shoki
More informationFull-Field Digital Mammography on LCD Versus CRT Monitors
LCD Versus CRT Monitors for Mammography Women s Imaging Original Research WOMEN S IMAGING Margarita L. Zuley 1 Kathleen M. Willison 1 Ermelinda Bonaccio 2 David P. Miller 3 David L. Leong 4,5,6 Posy J.
More informationInitial Experience With Automatic Image Transmission to an Intensive Care Unit Using Picture Archiving and Communications System Technology
Initial Experience With Automatic Image Transmission to an Intensive Care Unit Using Picture Archiving and Communications System Technology Carl E. Ravin This report describes a refinement of the interaction
More informationContrast-Detail Characteristic Evaluations of Several Display Devices
Contrast-Detail Characteristic Evaluations of Several Display Devices Jihong Wang, Jon Anderson, Thomas Lane, Chess Stetson, and John Moore The contrast-detail characteristic of a display system is a powerful
More informationGuidelines for Assuring Softcopy Image Quality
Guidelines for Assuring Softcopy Image Quality What s inside? Quality Control Guidelines Softcopy QA testing and frequencies Danny Deroo Product and R&D Manager QA Products ABSTRACT To ensure diagnostic
More informationsystems that are found throughout the large acute hospital sector so it would not be unusual to find a range of commercialoff-the-shelf
Quality of commercial-offthe-shelf (COTS) monitors displaying dental radiographs D. J. McIlgorm,* 1 C. Lawinski, 2 S. Ng 3 and J. P. McNulty 4 IN BRIEF Reports that commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) computer
More informationWhite Paper. Diagnostic Color Displays. What s inside?
White Paper Diagnostic Color Displays What s inside? Why is color becoming more important for diagnostic imaging? How does a color display work? What are the requirements of a diagnostic color display?
More informationInterpretation of Digital Chest Radiographs: Comparison of Light Emitting Diode versus Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp Backlit Monitors
Original Article Thoracic Imaging http://dx.doi.org/.3348/kjr.23.4.6.968 pissn 229-6929 eissn 25-833 Korean J adiol 23;4(6):968-976 Interpretation of Digital Chest adiographs: Comparison of Light Emitting
More informationDisplay Quality Assurance: Considerations When Establishing a Display QA Program. Mike Silosky, M.S. 8/3/2017
Display Quality Assurance: Considerations When Establishing a Display QA Program Mike Silosky, M.S. 8/3/2017 Objectives and Outline Why, Who, What, When, Where? Discuss the resources that may be needed
More informationVascular. Development of Trinias FPD-Equipped Angiography System. 1. Introduction. MEDICAL NOW No.73 (2013.2) Yoshiaki Miura
Vascular Development of Trinias FPD-Equipped Angiography System Medical Systems Division, Shimadzu Corporation Yoshiaki Miura 1. Introduction Shimadzu has developed Trinias (one ceiling-mounted type C12
More informationPerformance Evaluation of Industrial Computed Radiography Image Display System
Performance Evaluation of Industrial Computed Radiography Image Display System More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=21169 Lakshminarayana Yenumula *, Rajesh V Acharya, Umesh Kumar, and
More informationEssentials of Digital Imaging
Essentials of Digital Imaging Module 3 Transcript 2016 ASRT. All rights reserved. Essentials of Digital Imaging Module 3 Display 1. ASRT Animation 2. Welcome Welcome to the Essentials of Digital Imaging
More informationDisplay Quality Assurance: Recommendations from AAPM TG270 for Tests, Tools, Patterns, and Performance Criteria
Display Quality Assurance: Recommendations from AAPM TG270 for Tests, Tools, Patterns, and Performance Criteria Nicholas B. Bevins, Ph.D. TG270 Co-chair Display Check 2 1 TG270 Goals Provide an update
More informationDisplay Quality Assurance: Recommendations from AAPM TG270 for Tests, Tools, Patterns, and Performance Criteria
Display Quality Assurance: Recommendations from AAPM TG270 for Tests, Tools, Patterns, and Performance Criteria Nicholas B. Bevins, Ph.D. TG270 Co-chair Display Check 2 TG270 Goals Provide an update to
More informationOPTIMAL TELEVISION SCANNING FORMAT FOR CRT-DISPLAYS
OPTIMAL TELEVISION SCANNING FORMAT FOR CRT-DISPLAYS Erwin B. Bellers, Ingrid E.J. Heynderickxy, Gerard de Haany, and Inge de Weerdy Philips Research Laboratories, Briarcliff Manor, USA yphilips Research
More informationGuidance for Quality Assurance of PACS Diagnostic Display Devices
Guidance for Quality Assurance of PACS Diagnostic Display Programme NPFIT DOCUMENT RECORD ID KEY Sub-Prog / PACS Project NPFIT-PAC-DES-0042.06 Prog. Director Max Jones Owner Jerry Norman Version 1.0 Author
More informationCoronis 5MP Mammo. The standard of care for digital mammography
Coronis 5MP Mammo The standard of care for digital mammography The standard of care For thousands of women every day, details make all the difference. This understanding, along with many years of commitment
More informationRide the Lightning. A Review of Radiographic Physics
Ride the Lightning A Review of Radiographic Physics Overview Basic principles of x-ray production Imaging equipment Quality Control Technical Factors Image QA Preparing for the registry The ARRT just wants
More informationHospital Wide. Healthcare Display Solutions DICOM Displays, Large Screen Displays and Projectors
Hospital Wide Healthcare Display Solutions DICOM Displays, Large Screen Displays and Projectors THE WIDEST RANGE OF DISPLAY SOLUTIONS For Complete Hospital Wide Installations NEC offers a wide range of
More informationImage Presentation in Digital Radiology: Perspectives. Standard and Its Application1
Image Presentation in Digital Radiology: Perspectives on the Emerging DICOM Display Function Standard and Its Application1 Hartwig Blume, PhD #{149} Bradley M Hemminger, MS DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications
More informationAustralian Dental Journal
Australian Dental Journal The official journal of the Australian Dental Association Australian Dental Journal 2012; 57:(1 Suppl): 16 23 doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01660.x The impact of computer display
More informationCARESTREAM DIRECTVIEW Elite CR System
CARESTREAM DIRECTVIEW Elite CR System Improve workflow, productivity, and patient throughput. The CARESTREAM DIRECTVIEW Elite CR System is small, easy to install and easy to use. This powerful distributed
More informationCARESTREAM DIRECTVIEW Elite CR System
CARESTREAM DIRECTVIEW Elite CR System Improve workflow, productivity, and patient throughput. The CARESTREAM DIRECTVIEW Elite CR System is small, easy to install and easy to use. This powerful distributed
More informationLCD and Plasma display technologies are promising solutions for large-format
Chapter 4 4. LCD and Plasma Display Characterization 4. Overview LCD and Plasma display technologies are promising solutions for large-format color displays. As these devices become more popular, display
More informationDirectView Elite CR System. Improve workflow, productivity, and patient throughput.
Improve workflow, productivity, and patient throughput. DirectView DirectView Compact, single cassette CR systems designed to improve workflow, productivity, and patient throughput. The is small, easy
More informationAustralian Dental Journal
Australian Dental Journal The official journal of the Australian Dental Association Australian Dental Journal 2015; 60: 240 246 doi: 10.1111/adj.12327 Digital display monitor performance in general dental
More informationRSNA 2006 November 26 to December 1 Chicago. Guest author for ImPACT Dr. Koos Geleijns, Medical Physicist, Leiden University Medical Center.
RSNA 2006 November 26 to December 1 Chicago Guest author for ImPACT Dr. Koos Geleijns, Medical Physicist, Leiden University Medical Center. Once again, more than 60,000 participants (including professional
More informationMore Info at Open Access Database Process Control for Computed Tomography using Digital Detector Arrays
Digital Industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography (DIR 2015) 22-25 June 2015, Belgium, Ghent - www.ndt.net/app.dir2015 More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=18082 Process Control for Computed
More informationOptimizing the Workflow of Radiologists
Clinical Performance That Matters Optimizing the Workflow of Radiologists www.barcomedical.com Meeting the Challenges of Today s Reading Rooms Radiology has long been at the epicenter of healthcare, with
More informationCommon assumptions in color characterization of projectors
Common assumptions in color characterization of projectors Arne Magnus Bakke 1, Jean-Baptiste Thomas 12, and Jérémie Gerhardt 3 1 Gjøvik university College, The Norwegian color research laboratory, Gjøvik,
More informationAAPM/RSNA Tutorial on Equipment Selection: PACS Equipment Overview
IMAGING & THERAPEUTIC TECHNOLOGY 879 AAPM/RSNA Tutorial on Equipment Selection: PACS Equipment Overview Display Systems 1 Aldo Badano, PhD Display systems are key components of the digital radiology department.
More informationMX215. Your advantages. 2MP Medical-Display
MX215 Your advantages The EIZO MX215 features factory-preset DICOM tonal values and displays greyscale tones of radiological images in accordance with the requirements of the object. The advantage here
More informationThis talk covers currently available display technology.
Introduction to Current Display Technologies for Medical Image Viewing Perspectives for the TG270 Update on Display Quality Control Alisa Walz-Flannigan, PhD (DABR) Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota AAPM
More informationMX215. Your advantages. 2MP Medical-Display
MX215 Your advantages The EIZO MX215 features factory-preset DICOM tonal values and displays greyscale tones of radiological images in accordance with the requirements of the object. The advantage here
More informationEquipment Quality Control for Digital Radiography February 22, Imaging Physics CancerCare Manitoba
Equipment Quality Control for Digital Radiography February 22, 2018 Imaging Physics CancerCare Manitoba Purpose An equipment quality control (QC) program establishes baseline performance levels, tracks
More informationMedical Physics and Informatics Original Research
Medical Physics and Informatics Original Research Salazar et al. DICOM in Chest Radiography Medical Physics and Informatics Original Research Antonio J. Salazar 1,2 Diego A. Aguirre 3 Juliana Ocampo 3
More informationDetectability of breast cancer and reading time on screening mammography: Comparison between 5-MP and 8-MP LCD monitors.
Detectability of breast cancer and reading time on screening mammography: Comparison between 5-MP and 8-MP LCD monitors. Poster No.: C-0706 Congress: ECR 2015 Type: Authors: Keywords: DOI: Scientific Exhibit
More informationMammo Tomosynthesis 5MP
Mammo Tomosynthesis 5MP Display system for digital breast imaging Approved for TOMOSYNTHESIS MAMMOGRAPHY The standard of care For thousands of women every day, details make all the difference. This understanding
More informationFDA MAMMOSCAN FULL FIELD DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY SYSTEM MAMMOGRAPHY
MAMMOGRAPHY MAMMOSCAN FULL FIELD DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY SYSTEM Biopsy Attachment џ MAMMOSCAN is a digital scanning technology development taking a special place in ADANI Medical X-ray product line. џ Its
More informationHigh Frequency X-Ray Technology. Wide Screen Control with Touch-Technology
High Frequency X-Ray Technology Wide Screen Control with Touch-Technology The Q-VISION HF Series TM The Q-VISION Series TM integrates innovative high frequency design along with superb functionality, resulting
More informationIntroduction. Edge Enhancement (SEE( Advantages of Scalable SEE) Lijun Yin. Scalable Enhancement and Optimization. Case Study:
Case Study: Scalable Edge Enhancement Introduction Edge enhancement is a post processing for displaying radiologic images on the monitor to achieve as good visual quality as the film printing does. Edges
More informationDCI Requirements Image - Dynamics
DCI Requirements Image - Dynamics Matt Cowan Entertainment Technology Consultants www.etconsult.com Gamma 2.6 12 bit Luminance Coding Black level coding Post Production Implications Measurement Processes
More informationWorld First Slim Cassette Type Digital Mammo. Upgrade Solution
World First Slim Cassette Type Digital Mammo. Upgrade Solution Still Analog? Slim Cassette Type Digital Mammo. Upgrade Solution Contents 3 P. 5 P. 7 P. 9 P. 11 P. 13 P. 1824C & 2430C, easy digitalization
More informationNio. Industry-standard diagnostic display systems
Nio Industry-standard diagnostic display systems Diagnostic confidence in grayscale With the Nio diagnostic display system, Barco brings dependable diagnostic imaging to its true potential. Presenting
More informationIntuitive Workflow by Barco. Designed for the way you work, naturally.
Intuitive Workflow by Barco Designed for the way you work, naturally. As the volume and complexity of patient exams continue to grow, radiologists face increasing demands to boost their productivity. Many
More information2.2. VIDEO DISPLAY DEVICES
Introduction to Computer Graphics (CS602) Lecture 02 Graphics Systems 2.1. Introduction of Graphics Systems With the massive development in the field of computer graphics a broad range of graphics hardware
More informationWhat to consider when choosing a mammography display
What to consider when choosing a mammography display Screen size and resolution In digital breast imaging, the quality of the medical display has a direct impact on the decisions you make. Next to display
More informationEvaluation report. Eizo RadiForce G33-N 3MP greyscale flat panel liquid crystal display (LCD) CEP 07003
Evaluation report Eizo RadiForce G33-N 3MP greyscale flat panel liquid crystal display (LCD) CEP 07003 August 2007 Contents 2 Executive summary... 3 Introduction... 5 Product description... 6 Evaluation
More informationAssessment of the Impact of Dark Signal on Image Quality in Computerized Mammography. Introduction
Assessment of the Impact of Dark Signal on Image Quality in Computerized Mammography Alexia Valasi 1, Maria Argyrou 1, Ioannis Floros 1, Elisavet Molyvda 2, Anastasios Siountas 2, Stella Synefia 1, Ioannis
More informationA new technology for artifact free pattern stimulation
A new technology for artifact free pattern stimulation Jacques Charlier, Metrovision 1. Introduction stimulations are widely used in visual electrophysiology to obtain a response specific of ganglion cells:
More informationQuantify. The Subjective. PQM: A New Quantitative Tool for Evaluating Display Design Options
PQM: A New Quantitative Tool for Evaluating Display Design Options Software, Electronics, and Mechanical Systems Laboratory 3M Optical Systems Division Jennifer F. Schumacher, John Van Derlofske, Brian
More informationQuality Assurance (QA) Guidelines for Medical Imaging Display Systems
41-1 Japan Industries Association of Radiological Systems Standards (JESRA X-0093*A -2010 ) -English version- Enacted August 8, 2005 Revised June 11, 2010 Quality Assurance (QA) Guidelines for Medical
More informationRX350. Your advantages. 3MP Medical-Display
RX350 Your advantages RadiForce RX350 features 3-megapixel resolution and high luminance perfect for precisely displaying radiological images. The device provides high image quality, advantageous for displaying
More informationCoronis Fusion multi-modality displays. The ultimate in diagnostic flexibility
Coronis Fusion multi-modality displays The ultimate in diagnostic flexibility The ultimate in diagnostic flexibility Radiology reading rooms are fast becoming one of the busiest departments in the healthcare
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVED
APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVED ULTRASONIC IMAGING OF DEFECTS IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS Brian G. Frock and Richard W. Martin University of Dayton Research Institute Dayton,
More informationUnderstanding PQR, DMOS, and PSNR Measurements
Understanding PQR, DMOS, and PSNR Measurements Introduction Compression systems and other video processing devices impact picture quality in various ways. Consumers quality expectations continue to rise
More informationPPM Panels: A Guidebook for Arbitron Authorized Users
. Inc n ro bit lsen. r, A ie 13 of N 0 2 t 0/ par 3 9/ me On beca PPM Panels: A Guidebook for Arbitron Authorized Users PPM Panels: A Guidebook for Arbitron Authorized Users 2 Introduction In any given
More informationNio. Industry-standard diagnostic display systems
Nio Industry-standard diagnostic display systems Diagnostic confidence in grayscale With the Nio diagnostic display system, Barco brings dependable diagnostic imaging to its true potential. Presenting
More informationMTF measurement method for medical displays by using a bar-pattern image
MTF measurement method for medical displays by using a bar-pattern image Katsuhiro Ichikawa Yoshie Kodera Hiroshi Fujita Abstract A modulation-transfer-function (MTF) measurement method that uses a bar-pattern
More informationRequest for Proposals
Request for Proposals Reference: ERDFIAI2012-4006A Caring First Ltd, is a limited liability company providing healthcare services. The company is currently commissioning a private new-build hospital complete
More informationMX194. Your advantages. 1MP Medical-Display
MX194 Your advantages The 19-inch MX194 with a traditional 5:4 aspect ratio stands out thanks to its factory-preset DICOM characteristic curve, which guarantees faithful reproduction of radiological images
More informationBarco surgical displays. High-accuracy visualization solutions for surgery and endoscopy
Barco surgical displays High-accuracy visualization solutions for surgery and endoscopy Near-patient surgical displays The complexity of general and minimally invasive surgery places high demands on technology
More informationRADIOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE OF CYGNUS 1 AND THE FEBETRON 705
RADIOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE OF CYGNUS 1 AND THE FEBETRON 705 E. Rose ξ, R. Carlson, J. Smith Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Mail Stop P-947 Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA Abstract Spot sizes are
More informationTrue comfort and flexibility with the power of 3T.
True comfort and flexibility with the power of 3T. With a large 71 cm aperture and the quietest exams in the industry, the Vantage Titan 3T is the most comfortable 3T MRI system for all of your patients.
More informationIntroduction. Characteristics (Note 1, 2) Parameters Typical Value Units Conditions
LMG257-185XTN Introduction 18.5" Sunlight Readable LCD Module The LMG257-185XTN is a 18.5" Sunlight Readable LCD module. The module consists of an AUO M185XTN01.2 TFT color LCD panel and a VHB (very high
More informationCoronis Fusion 6MP DL. 6 MegaPixel wide-screen diagnostic color display system
Coronis Fusion 6MP DL 6 MegaPixel wide-screen diagnostic color display system Live free Smart ideas can make a big difference. Sometimes, they can even change your view... That is exactly what Coronis
More informationAutomatic Defect Recognition in Industrial Applications
Automatic Defect Recognition in Industrial Applications Klaus Bavendiek, Frank Herold, Uwe Heike YXLON International, Hamburg, Germany INDE 2007 YXLON. The reason why 1 Different Fields for Usage of ADR
More informationThese are used for producing a narrow and sharply focus beam of electrons.
CATHOD RAY TUBE (CRT) A CRT is an electronic tube designed to display electrical data. The basic CRT consists of four major components. 1. Electron Gun 2. Focussing & Accelerating Anodes 3. Horizontal
More informationVisual Color Matching under Various Viewing Conditions
Visual Color Matching under Various Viewing Conditions Hitoshi Komatsubara, 1 * Shinji Kobayashi, 1 Nobuyuki Nasuno, 1 Yasushi Nakajima, 2 Shuichi Kumada 2 1 Japan Color Research Institute, 4-6-23 Ueno
More informationComed Medical Systems Co., Ltd. Office 707, Woolim Lion s Valley I, 311-3, Sangdaewon-dong, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Tel:
Comed Medical Systems Co., Ltd. Office 707, Woolim Lion s Valley I, 311-3, Sangdaewon-dong, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Tel:+82-31-737-2211 Fax:+82-31-737-2210 Factory 236-4 Sangdaewon-dong, Seongnam-si,
More informationIs image manipulation necessary to interpret digital mammographic images efficiently?
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Is image manipulation necessary to interpret digital mammographic images efficiently? This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional
More informationBUREAU OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Date: 26 th May, 2016 Schedule No.: 11 Color Televisions 1. Scope This schedule specifies the energy labeling requirements for color televisions with native resolution upto 1920 X 1080 pixels, of CRT,
More informationJEFFERSON COLLEGE. Image Intensification & Equipment
JEFFERSON COLLEGE COURSE SYLLABUS RAD175 Image Intensification & Equipment 3 Credit Hours Revised by: Janet E. Akers BS RT (R)(M) Date: October 3, 2013 Kenny Wilson, Director, Health Occupation Programs
More informationCLINICALLY PROVEN DESIGNS
CLINICALLY PROVEN DESIGNS Radiology & PACS WWW.TLGC.COM Rely on Optik View high definition diagnostic and reference displays to provide your Customer s with industry s highest quality medical visualization.
More informationDeep Dive into Curved Displays
Deep Dive into Curved Displays First introduced at CES 2013, curved displays were primarily used for TVs. Today s curved technology employs a range of backlighting technologies, comes in a variety of sizes,
More informationRX850. Your advantages. 8MP Medical-Display
RX850 Your advantages The RadiForce RX850 can effectively replace conventional multiscreen solutions with a single eight-megapixel screen. It clearly and simultaneously displays a wide variety of images,
More informationSep 09, APPLICATION NOTE 1193 Electronic Displays Comparison
Sep 09, 2002 APPLICATION NOTE 1193 Electronic s Comparison Abstract: This note compares advantages and disadvantages of Cathode Ray Tubes, Electro-Luminescent, Flip- Dot, Incandescent Light Bulbs, Liquid
More informationAngular dependence of the luminance and contrast in medical monochrome liquid crystal displays
Angular dependence of the luminance and contrast in medical monochrome liquid crystal displays Aldo Badano a) Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 12720 Twinbrook Parkway,
More informationColour Matching Technology
Colour Matching Technology For BVM-L Master Monitors www.sonybiz.net/monitors Colour Matching Technology BVM-L420/BVM-L230 LCD Master Monitors LCD Displays have come a long way from when they were first
More informationINSTRUMENT CATHODE-RAY TUBE
INSTRUMENT CATHODE-RAY TUBE 14 cm diagonal rectangular flat face domed mesh post-deflection acceleration improved spot quality for character readout high precision by internal permanent magnetic correction
More informationClarity and confidence. Raising the bar in diagnostic imaging with Barco radiology and mammography displays
Clarity and confidence Raising the bar in diagnostic imaging with Barco radiology and mammography displays Breaking new ground in healthcare imaging 1986 Barco s first medical display for ultrasound, MCD-10
More informationWhite Paper. In Plane Switching Pro technology for medical imaging. Geert Carrein Director Product Management. What s inside?
White Paper In Plane Switching Pro technology for medical imaging What s inside? An introduction to LCD technologies A primer on IPS-Pro Why is IPS-Pro LCD technology important for medical imaging? What
More informationGUIDELINES ON THE USE OF DISPLAY SCREEN EQUIPMENT
GUIDELINES ON THE USE OF DISPLAY SCREEN EQUIPMENT 1. Preamble In view of the legislative requirements and growing concern on the health effects related to the use of display screen equipment (DSE), the
More informationNew appraoch for X-ray weld inspection of pipeline segments
New appraoch for X-ray weld inspection of pipeline segments Lennart Schulenburg VisiConsult X-ray Systems & Solutions GmbH 1 Overview Weld inspection in heavy industries ( Pipe and Tank ) Analogue Film
More informationMedical Imaging Working Group
Medical Imaging Working Group Czech Academy of Sciences Národní 3 117 20 Prague 1, Czech Republic 28 June 2017 Craig Revie, MIWG chair, opened the meeting at 10:45 and introduced the agenda as follows:
More informationOverview of All Pixel Circuits for Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED)
Chapter 2 Overview of All Pixel Circuits for Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationDepartment of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh RC 406 Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
SELF-SCANNING LINEAR DIODE ARRAY DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY* D. Sashin, E.J. Sternglass, B.S. Slasky, K.M. Bron, J.H. Herron, W.H. Kennedy, L. Shabason, J. Boyer, A.E. Pollitt, R.E. Latchaw, B.R. Girdany, R.W.
More informationUnderstanding Compression Technologies for HD and Megapixel Surveillance
When the security industry began the transition from using VHS tapes to hard disks for video surveillance storage, the question of how to compress and store video became a top consideration for video surveillance
More informationPhantom Test Guidance for Use of the Small MRI Phantom for the MRI Accreditation Program
Phantom Test Guidance for Use of the Small MRI Phantom for the MRI Accreditation Program 1 Contents 0.0 INTRODUCTION 4 0.1 Overview and Purpose 4 0.2 The Phantom 4 0.3 The Required Images 5 0.4 The Image
More informationOverview. ACR Accreditation Update in Mammography. ACR Topics. Requirements Today. What s Coming For Tomorrow
ACR Accreditation Update in Mammography Eric Berns, PhD University of Colorado Hospital Denver Health Medical Center Denver, CO *No financial disclosures to report Overview ACR Topics Requirements Today
More information