R UNIT 4. Copper & Fiber Optic Cable

Transcription

1 4 opper & Fiber Optic able

2 opics for this nit opper abling esting opper abling Fiber-Optic abling esting Fiber-Optic abling opper vs. Fiber-Optic abling

3 ypes of opper able Major ypes vailable oday P cable SP cable Multi-pair P cable oaxial cable

4 vailable abling

5 ommon P able P Four Pairs of opper able umber of twists varies per inch o shielding Very easy to work with 100 Ohm, 24W Solid for horizontal and stranded for patch cable Most susceptible to lectromagnetic nterference (M)

6 P olor ode

7 J Straight-hrough able

8 J rossover able

9 ategory 1 P ables 100kHz or less nalog voice, doorbells, alarm systems ategory 2 4 MHz or less igital voice, Serial applications, S, -1 ategory 3 16 MHz or less Old standard, 10ase- thernet oken ring, S, S, igital voice

10 ategory 4 P ables 20 MHz or less, thing of the past thernet, 4 and 16 Mbps token ring, digital voice ategory 5, 5e 100 MHz, today s standard 100ase-X, P-PM (), M, igabit thernet ategory 6, MHz and 500 MHz Supports 1000ase- 10 gigabit thernet

11 M ype 1 SP sed for oken ring initially Supports up to 600 MHz usage Most shielded cable on market Provides protection from M

12 Multi-Pair P able More than 4 pair Pairs of 25, 50, and 100 increments ormally used with voice applications ross talk problems with so many pairs ot recognized under S//-568- for horizontal applications S// provides information olor coded able 7.2 in textbook

13 Shielded High andwidth Solid or stranded conductors mpedance values of 50, 75, 92 ohms Mostly used in video applications today efer to able 7.3 in text oaxial able

14 Patch ables sed to connect patch panels, p wall jacks, 110 blocks, and telecommunications outlets Purchase factory made better quality Stranded conductors only olor coding example only lue - workstations ray - voice ed - servers reen hub-to-hub Yellow - other

15 Why opper able? dvantages isadvantages ost Susceptible to MF and F asy installation ase dropping hard to detect

16 est Practices for opper Following standards S//-568- Vendor specific o not exceed distance limitations 90 meter horizontal cable 10 meter total for patch cords Service loops ood installation techniques

17 nstallation Practices Wiring Patterns Planning able Management nstalling opper able Pulling cable Separate Voice and data patch panels Sheath sharing voiding M

18 Wiring Patterns S//-568- recommends two patterns 568- crossover cable 568- straight through cable Old requirement was 568- ew requirement is 568- due to pairs 1 and 2 being the same as niversal Service Order ode (SO)

19 Planning Questions to consider How many cables to each location? J hooks, trays, conduit? Proper grounding? ata and voice cable type? xposed cables? Page 254 for more items.

20 able Management able trays or J hooks? ables cannot rest on false ceiling, power conduits or ducts Patch panel cable management guides

21 nstalling opper able o not untwist the twisted pairs se compatible connectors, patch panels Staples not recommended ever splice a cable, run new one Observe proper grounding emove as little of jacket as possible when terminating cable

22 Pulling cable able must be pulled carefully end radius P 4 times cable diameter void 90 degree bends able tension for P 110 or 25 lbs. maximum o not twist cable too tightly void sharp objects that can damage cabl

23 Separate ata and Voice

24 voiding M Other tems o data cable can be routed with a power cable ata cables cannot share holes in building materials elco outlets same height as power outlets, do not share same stud space Maintain 6 inches of space between electrical cables and light fixtures

25 opper able for 110 locks 110 locks Support higher frequency applications than 66 blocks Pairs size from omponents 110 wiring block for each four-pair cable 110 connecting block

26 opper able 110 locks

27 opper able for Voice ses 66 onnecting blocks 25 Pair Wire most common

28 Voice nstallations Voice ackbone, Patch Panel & 66 locks

29 esting one enerators: sed to create a signal for the wire ontinuity esters: ests any breaks in the wires Wire-Map esters: hecks to see that t connectors are terminated correctly

30 able ertification est and certify four common problems ength Wire-map X & FX (crosstalk) problems ttenuation

31 ommon Problems for opper able ength: xceeding the max cable length Wire-Map: ransposing or crossing 568- & wires X: ear nd ross-alk, able connector nearest to you with to much untwisted wire FX: Far nd ross-alk, able connector farthest from you with to much untwisted wire ttenuation: able is losing to much of its signal across its length. an be caused by excessive length or terminations.

32 Fiber Optics echnology

33 Optical Fibers Fibers are glass sually 120 micrometers in diameter sed to carry signals in the form of light over distances up to 50 km. o repeaters needed.

34 omposition of able ore thin glass center of the fiber where light travels. ladding outer optical material surrounding the core uffer oating plastic coating that protects the fiber.

35 dvantages of Optical Fiber hinner ess xpensive for the cable itself equires less power to transmit Higher arrying apacity ess Signal egradation & igital Signals ight Signals no interference with signals on other fibers mmune to M and F interference on-flammable ight Weight

36 isadvantages of Fiber Hard to work with Shortage of trained installers Fiber network equipment substantially ti more expensive lass fairly easy to break

37 reas of pplication elecommunications ocal rea etworks able V V Optical Fiber Sensors

38 ype of Fibers Single-mode glass fibers used to transmit one signal per fiber (used as a backbone cable and in communications) hey have small cores(9 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red red light from a laser Multimode fiber - glass sed with M, F and 10ase-F applications hey have larger cores(62.5 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from an Multimode plastic Only extremely short distance data transmission i sed also in Fiber Optic decorations such as in hristmas rees

39 Optical Fiber ight ransmission otal nternal eflection the light travels down the core and bounces off the cladding (mirror lined walls) ecause the cladding does not absorb light, the signal can travel great distances

40 Fiber Optics elay System ransmitter produces and encodes the signals Optical Fiber-conducts the light signals over a distance Optical egenerator- can boost the signal to transmit further Optical eceiver receives and decodes the light signals

41 How are Optical Fiber's Made? hree Steps are nvolved -Making a Preformed lass ylinder -rawing the Fibers from the cylinder -esting the Fiber

42 esting Optical Fiber Properties ensile Strength efractive ndex Profile Fiber eometry nformation arrying apacity Operating temperature/humidity range bility to conduct light under water ttenuation

43 Optical Fiber onnections Mechanical inking ncludes coupling of two connectors end to end Optical distribution frames allow cross connect fibers from by means of connection leads and optical connectors Soldering uses expensive automatic machine that ensures: lignment of fiber s core along the 3 axis Visual display in real-time of the fibers soldering raction test after soldering (50 g to 500 g)

44 lowing aying Optical Fiber sed in laying optical cables in roadways. ables can be blown in a tube high density Poly thylene Optical fiber is then blown in the tube using an air compressor which can propel it up to 2 kilometers away.

45 Features Fiber Optics est Kit ncludes Smart Fiber Optic Power Meter and Mini or laser source Fiber optic test light software for data logging ests all networks and cable plants ew versions of igabit thernet ow ost pplications Measure optical power or loss rouble shooting networks

46 Protecting Fibers ougher than copper wires esigned in three concentric layers ore ladding uffer wo basic buffer types ight buffer oose tubes

47 ab 4 oday we have a guest presenter who will show you different kinds of cabling and test equipment. You will be expected to take notes and turn in a short write up of what you learned from the demonstration