Appendix The Marshall Papers and Their Editing

Transcription

1 Appendix The Marshall Papers and Their Editing The Marshall papers have passed into the keeping of the Marshall Library, Cambridge, through A. C. Pigou, who was Marshall's literary executor, through Mrs Marshall, and through C. W. Guillebaud, Marshall's nephew and editor. Besides a large number of letters to or from Marshall (amalgamated with the Library's extensive collection of letters) and the books (some annotated) which originally belonged to Marshall, there are 1 9 boxes of miscellaneous notes, manuscripts, examination questions, etc. 1 box of manuscripts, including the international-trade ones 1 large box of miscellaneous items 1 scrapbook. The contents ofthe 9 boxes are too miscellaneous and jumbled to make any catalogue useful, the items being only roughly grouped by subject. Many pages are missing, and many sheets are simply the relics of old working notes, whose meaning is now elusive. To illustrate the confusion in which Marshall left the material, the case of Part I, Ch. VII of the abandoned international-trade manuscript may be cited. A portion of this was included with the rest of the surviving manuscript of the volume. But several pages had been removed, cut in half, renumbered, and incorporated with notes on a different subject. Fortunately, there was no difficulty in recognising 1 A comprehensive list is given by Rita McWilliams, The Papers of Alfred Marshall', History of Economic Thought Newsletter, No.3 (Nov 1969) pp

2 396 Appendix the lost pages, but the manuscript, as it survives, still remains incomplete. 2 In other cases too, manuscripts had to be pieced together from scattered fragments. In some cases not all fragments could be found : in others, the surviving portion appeared to end prematurely. The truth seems to be that Marshall retained these early manuscripts partly out of sentiment, but partly because he felt that he might still be able to use them. In such an eventuality he seems to have -had little compunction about cannibalisation. Despite these difficulties and limitations, sufficient material seems to have survived, in a sufficiently intact state, to make the collection a valuable further source of information about Marshall's views and writings. There still remains, however, the difficult question of exactly how such material, often rough and unpolished, should be edited for the reader. To change Marshall's words without warning would be indefensible, yet to attempt to reproduce the materials exactly as in the manuscripts, or to indicate every change no matter how slight, would be both typographically difficult and extremely burdensome for the reader. After considerable experiment, the following working rules seemed to offer the most satisfactory compromise, and they have been followed as consistently as possible. (i) All substitutions or additions of words are indicated by the usual editorial square brackets, with footnote explanation given only in exceptional cases. 3 (ii) Spellings are standardised (e.g. labor to labour), and abbreviations written out in full, without explicit notice. Among the abbreviations are Marshall's own private shorthand expressions, such as =m for equilibrium, XoP for expenses of production, D and S for demand and supply, and so on... (iii) Marshall's sparse punctuation is augmented sparingly whenever it is an obstacle to easy reading, but is otherwise left unchanged. (Since any notation for editorial punctuation would be cumbersome, it was decided, reluctantly, to add this without explicit notification.) 2 See Section 111.4, above. 3 A few cases in which editorial substitutions or additions are neither self explanatory, nor accounted for in footnotes, are covered in the list which follows this Appendix.

3 Appendix 397 An exception to these rules is made in the case of letters, which were written for other eyes, and are reproduced exactly as written, unless indication to the contrary is given. In applying such rules there are many marginal cases and it would be impossible to resolve them to the satisfaction of everyone. There are other difficulties too. One is the existence of frequent later emendations on the manuscripts, usually quite trivial rewordings. Other things equal, the earlier reading has been preferred for stylistic uniformity and authenticity of period unless the revised reading was much clearer. In cases where a revision involved changes of substance, both the original and the variant readings are given. A final difficulty is that of the elucidation of sometimes obscure arguments. I have not hesitated to add an editorial footnote when this promised to be ofreal help to the reader, but have tried so far as possible to concentrate editorial discussion in the Introductions.

4 Explanatory List of Editorial Additions and Substitutions At certain points in both Volumes, square brackets indicate the presence of editorial changes. A few of these changes are explained in the relevant introductions or footnotes, but many are left unaccounted for. The purpose of the present appendix is to allow the reader to infer the nature of the changes made. To that end, there follows a list of all substitutions. Changes not included in this list, and not explained in the text or otherwise obvious, may be assumed to be additions inserted either for clarity or because of a lacuna in the manuscript. Changes in capitalisation required by such insertions have been made silently. Volume 1 p. 193 The ending of 'Malthusians' replaces an illegible one. p. 194 'Between' replaces a colon. The subsequent period also replaces a colon. p. 195 'Sacrifice' replaces 'preparation', correcting an obvious slip of the pen. p. 222 Brackets enclose condensations and paraphrasings. p. 234 'Figures 4, 5 and 6' replaces 'the adjacent figures (i), (ii) and (iii)'. p. 236 'Figure 4' replaces '(i)', etc. Similarly, 'in Figure 6 the land' replaces '(iii)' and '7' replaces '(iv)'. p. 238 'Figure 4' and 'Figure 7' replace '(i)' and '(iv)', respectively. p. 241 'in Figure 2' replaces 'below'. p. 243 'Figures 4 and 5' replaces 'the two adjoined figures', and 'Figure 3' replaces 'the last figure'. 'Fgure 4' replaces 'the upper case', and 'the case' replaces 'that'.

5 Appendix 399 p. 244 '6 and 7' replaces '5 and 6' etc., Figure 2 having been unnumbered. (Similar changes occur on pp ) p. 252 'line DC' replaces 'black line' ; 'line de' replaces 'red line'. p. 259 'I and I" replaces 'black and red positions of I' and 'black and red I curves'. p. 260 'international-trade' replaces a schematic sketch of a pair of offer curves. p. 265 'the next paragraph' replaces 'p. 12'; 3, 4 and 5 replace 5, 3 and 4, respectively (and similarly on p. 267). p. 279 'I" replaces 'the dotted line'. p. 280 'the origin' replaces 0. (Note: The editorial insertions 'and the value of each unit' on p. 246 and 'lies' on p. 279 appear to be required for sense and a slip of the pen may be suspected.) Volume 2 p. 34 'his stated' replaces 'this', as required by the elision. p. 56 'nascent' fills a blank left for a word the copyist p. 61 p. 79 p. 83 p. 88 p. 103 p. 104 p. 107 p. 109 p. 121 p. 137 p. 139 p. 148 p. 150 p. 151 p. 178 p. 191 p.200 p. 203 p.220 apparently could not decipher. 'history' fills another blank left by the copyist. 'to' replaces a comma. 'is' replaces 'are'. 'is' replaces a comma. 'producer' replaces 'purchaser', a transcription error? 'in' replaces 'for'. 'monopoly' replaces a blank left by the copyist. The insertion of 'manufacturers' in the quotation is actually Marshall's. 'Mill' replaces 'he'. 'ex' replaces 'im'. 'p' replaces 'P'. 'cloth' replaces 'linen'. 'OG' replaces 'Oy'. 'is' replaces 'are'. 'S' replaces 'V', correcting an obvious slip. 'neither... nor' replaces 'either... or'. 'XIX' replaces 'XIV'. 'DD' replaces 'OG'. 'Cc' replaces 'C'.

6 400 Appendix p.230 'ss' replaces 'SS'. p.260 'In these cases' replaces 'their'. p. 270 'although the diminution' replaces 'and this'. p. 271 'Figure 2' replaces 'figure nearly at other end of book'. p. 277 'want' replaces 'wanted'. p.283 'the locus of P'" replaces 'this curve'. p.296 'retained' replaces 'obtained'. p.302 'the equation' replaces '= "'. p.306 'the terms' replaces 'these'. p. 315 In the second equation set off, the derivation shown replaces an incorrect one resting on the slip previously noted. Scrope's, which would presumably refer to G. Poulett Scrope, is not a confident reading. p.318 'represents' replaces 'regards'. p. 323 'of' replaces 'in'. p.327 'the extra labourer' replaces 'he' ; 'supply of labour equation' replaces an asterisk corresponding to one marked against the equation. p. 328 'instead of' replaces 'for'; 'the last' replaces 'this', p.329 p. 335 p.379 p.381 p.382 p. 384 accompanied by an asterisk. 'above' replaces 'on p. 2 modified by p. 3'. 'A' replaces 'rx'. 'individuals' replaces 'them'. 'a few' is a paraphrase. 'every tax' replaces 'everything'. 'temporary' replaces 'permanent', correcting an obvious slip. (Compare J. S. Mill, Principles of Political Economy, p. 814.) 'House taxes' replaces 'they'. p. 385 'least' replaces 'most', as sense requires; 'the latter' replaces 'those'. p. 388 'states' replaces 'is'. p. 391 'grapple' replaces an illegible word-possibly 'fumble'. (Note: The editorial additions 'enjoyed' on p. 29, 'be' on p. 65, 'engaged' on p. 70, 'the arguments against' on p. 81, 'have' on p. 111, 'amount he' on p. 275, 'a man performs' on p. 290, 'than' on p. 373, 'be' on p. 381, and 'on' on p. 382, all fill inexplicable lacunae in the manuscripts.)

7 Index of Names for Volume 2 Ashley, W. J., 252 Atkinson, E., Bacon, N. T., 240 Bagehot, W., 6, 26, 28, 40,47-8 Barone, E., 285 Bastiat, F., 101 Baumol, W. J., 325 Beecher, Rev. L., 109 Bentham, J., , 319, Berry, A., Berry, D., 285 Black, R. D. C., 261 Blanc, L., 37 Boulding, K. E., 185 Bowles, S., 90 Brassey, T., 25, 30, 348 Brentano, L. J., 263 Cairnes, J. E., 25, 92, 122, 210, 350 Carey, H. C., 34, 90-3 Chevalier, M., 92 Cliffe Leslie, T. E., see Leslie, T. E. C. Comte, A., 344 Cournot, A. A., 240-6, 249, 266, 272, 284, Cunynghame, H. H., 111, 114, Davenant, C., 68 Dawson, W. H., 37, 63, 377 Dempsey, B. W., de Tocqueville, A., see Tocqueville, A. de Dickinson, H. D., 249 Dilke, Sir Charles W., 342 Dorfman, J., 3, 90, 93, 240 Dorrance, G. S., 7 Dupuit, J., 281 Edgeworth, F. Y., 112, 114, 265-8, 316, ,326,333 Elder, C., 101 Elder, W., 93 Eliot, C. W., 90 Ellis, H. S., 185 Emerson, R. W., 90 Evans, Elder, 371 Evans, G. H., Jr, 68 Faraday, M., 92 Fellner, W., 185 Ferlerger, H. R., 90 Flux, A. W., 114, 329 Foxwell, H. S., 11, 261, 268 Goldfeld, S. M., 325 Grant, Sir Alexander, 240 Greeley, H. C., 74, 108 Green, C., 371 Grosvenor, W. M., 53,93 Guillebaud, C. W., 395 Harrison, R., 345 Hegel, G. W. F., Howells, D., 90 Hutchison, T. W., 343 Hutton, R. H., 26 Jaffe, w., 281 Jenkin, H. C. Fleeming, 241 Jevons, W. S., 68, 92, 185, 214, 240, 261, 263, 265, 267, 281, 285-6, 289, 301, 320,325,380 Johnson, W. E., Jones, Mr Lloyd, 126 Jones, R., 264

8 402 Kant, 1., 353 Kautz, J., 320 Keynes, J. M., 265, 385 Keynes, J. N., 185, 302, 352 King, G., 68 Knapp, G. F. E., 249 Lassalle, F., 9, 11, 13, 37-8, 368 Leslie, T. E. C., 63, 80, 116, 121 Livingstone, D., 260 McCulloch, J. R., 60, 92, 253 McLeod, H. D., 92,261-3 McWilliams-Tulberg, Rita, 395 Mal thus, Rev. T. R., 85, 92,209-10,385-6 Marshall, Mary P., 385, 395 Marshall, Rebeccah, 90-1, 371 Marx, K., 1.1 Mason, D., 93, 99 Menger, K., 261 Mill, J. S., 11, 56-7, 61, 71, 114, 116, 118, 120-1,129,130-3,143-4,148-9,186, 195, 210, 262-5, 277, 301, 306-7, ,341,350,373,378,399 Morison, J. C., 125 Munroe, J.P., 91 Norton, C., 90 Paley, Mary, see Marshall, Mary P. Pantaleoni. M., 114 Pate, Miss, 171 Paton, H. J., 353 Peacock, A. T., 285 Phillips, W., 58, Pigou, A. C., 289, 395 Quesnay, F., 85 Rae, J., 57 Index of Names for Volume 2 Ramsey, F. P., 305, 317 Ricardo, D., 34, 61, 85, 99, 106, 116, 120, 132-3,144,249,253,257-9,262 Roscher, W. G. F., 320 Samuelson, P. A., 115 Schumpeter, J. A., 112 Scrope, G. P., 315, 399 Seligman, E. R. A., 3, 6, 112 Shove, G. F., 344 Sidgwick, H., ix, 4-7, , 181, 316 Smith, A., 11, 60-1, 71, 76, 85, 120, 124, 143,145,249,252-3,255-7,259,284, 380,382 Smith, E. P., 93 Solow, R. M., 305 Stigler, G. J., 185, 326 Sumner, W. G., 90-1 Thompson, R. E., 93-4, 101 Thornton, W. T., 126, 262-4, 350 Thiinen, J. H. von, , 320 Tocqueville, A. de, 357-8, 370, 372 Tooke, T., 205 Turgot, A. R. J., Walker, D., 289 Walker, F. A., 90-1 Walras, L., 261 Wells, D. A., 90,95 Wharton, J., 93 Whewell, W., 264 Whitaker, J. K., 306, 378 White, H., 356 Wicksteed, P., 326 Winch, D., 343 Youngs, B.S., 371

9 Index of Subjects for Volume 2 America Suitability of protective policy for, 89-90,96, Mobility of life in, de Tocqueville's views on, 357-8, 370, 372 Bounties, 88-9 Consumer and producer surplus, 76-8, ,224-6,245-8, Consumption of working classes, 25-6 Cooperation, Cunynghame, H. H., his machine for drawing hyperbolas, Distribution, theory of, 21-6, 30-1, 59-61, , , 275-7, , 335 Domestic versus international values, ,186-7 Economic growth, theory of, England's economic development, Ethical issues, 127-8, , Ethical progress, conditions of, External economies, Fixed capital, extensive use of, 45-7, Increasing returns, Infant-industry argument, 54-9, International trade Theory of, 31-3, , 246-8, Advantages and disadvantages of, 15-19,34-54 International trade-cont. Analogy to trade between industrial groups, 112,123-7,267 Effects on economic stability, 39-54, 102-6, Irreversibility of supply curves, 163-6, 184-5, Lassalle's plan, 37-9, 368 Letters (or extracts) from Alfred Marshall to: Cannan, E., 333 Cunynghame, H. H., 112, 114 Edgeworth, F. Y., 112,333 Keynes, J. N., 185, 302 Marshall, Rebeccah, 90-1, 371 Seligman, E. R. A., 3-4 Localisation of industry, 44-5, London, evils of, Malthusian, report on Marshall's Lecture, Marshall, Alfred : Social views, Visit to America, 89-94, Discussions with American economists, 90-4 Interview with H. C. Carey, 92-3 Visit to Shakers, 371 Lectures at Bristol, 306, 354-5, Early lecture notes, Mathematical notebook, Scrapbook, 385 Papers of, Abandoned international-trade volume: General character, 3-7 Table of contents, 5

10 404 Marshall Alfred-cont. Abandoned international trade volume--cont. Analytical table of contents of surviving portions of Part I, 8-10,63-4,94 Text of surviving portions of Part I, 14-61,64-89, Marginal summaries for Part I, Pure Theory of Foreign Trade Analytical table of contents, Text, Marginal summaries, 111, Pure Theory of Domestic Values Analytical table of contents, Text, Marginal.summaries, 181 Paper to Industrial Remuneration Conference, 342 Inaugural Lecture, 387 Economics of Industry, arguments of, 31,306-9 Paper to Cambridge Philosophical Society, abstract of, Metayage, Methodology, 39-43, 52-3, 95-6, , 265-{) Migration of labour and capital, 20-4, 26-9, 58-9 Mill, J. S.., note on his treatment of demand in international trade, Money markets, 26-7,47-9 Money, theory of, Monopoly,. theory of, 241-4, Population, 252-3, Property, Public-utility pricing, Index of Subjects for Volume 2 Quasi-rent, 107-8, 224-5, 262 Rent and diminishing returns, 253-7, , , 328-9, 331, 386, Separation of producer and consumer, Stability of equilibrium, 115, 15(}.-63, Tariffs: Revenue versus protective, 64-5, 97-8 Ad valorem and graduated specific, 83-4 Effects on terms of trade, 66-71, Taxes: On exports, 67-70, Discriminating, 73-6, 221-3, In relation to consumer and producer surplus, 76-8,185-6,219-32,279-83, Optimal systems of, 232-5, , Incidence of, 85, 252-3, Policy with respect to, 71-3, 77-82, 23(}.-6,382-5 Utilitarianism, 268, , 382 Value theory, 45-7, , 24(}.-8, , 266-8, 283-5, 302-4, Wages, see Distribution theory Wheat prices, analysis of, Wide markets, steadying influence of, 5(}.-2