Pakistan Library Association Journal (online)

Transcription

1 2014 Pakistan Library Association Journal (online) ISSN : Research Journal of the Pakistan Library Association Pakistan Library Association, Pakistan

2 PLA Journal PLAJ-2014 A research journal published by Pakistan Library Association Chief Editor Haroon Idrees, PhD Assistant Professor of LIS & Chief Librarian University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan HEC Approved PhD Supervisor Off: Cell: plajournal.editor@gmail.com Editor Muhammad Arif Khan Research Librarian Pakistan Academy for Rural Development, Peshawar, Pakistan Off: Cell: arifpard@gmail.com Patron in Chief Ch. Muhammad Hanif President PLA Chief Librarian University of the Punjab, Lahore Off: chieflibrarain@pu.edu.pk 1

3 Professor Michael Seadle, PhD Dean of the Faculty of Arts I, Director Berlin School of LIS, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany Editor Library Hi-Tech (IF Journal) Advisory Board Anabel Quan-Haase, PhD Associate Professor Faculty of Information and Media Studies The University of Western Ontario, Canada Widad Mustafa El Hadi, PhD Professor of LIS Lille University, Lille 3, France Dr. Ghaniul Akram Sabzwari Chief Editor PLISJ, Karachi Mumtaz A. Anwar, Ph.D. Hon. Professor Dept. of Library and Information Science University of the Punjab, Lahore Khalid Mahmood, PhD Professor of Library & Information Science, University of Dammam, KSA Professor Dr. Rafia Ahmad Sheikh Former Pro-Vice Chancellor, University of Sindh, Jamshoro Professor Dr. Muhammad Fazil Khan Chairman, Dept. of Library & Information Science, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Professor Kanwal Ameen, PhD. Chairperson, Dept. of Library & Information Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Dr. Muhammad Ramzan Director Library Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore Dr. Rubina Bhatti Chairperson & Associate Professor Deptt: Library & Information Science The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Dr. Rais Samdani Associate Chief Editor Pakistan Library & Information Science Journal, Karachi Dr. Farzana Shafiq University of Dammam, KSA Dr. Muhammad Rafiq University of the Punjab Dr. Saeedullah Jan Sarhad University Editorial Board Dr. Shamshad Ahmad Islamia University of Bahawalpur Dr. Shafiq ur Rehman University of the Punjab Dr. Ijaz Mairaj UET, Lahore 2 Dr. Mirza Muhammad Naseer Inst. of Space Technology, Islamabad Dr. Nosheen Fatima University of the Punjab

4 Editorial PLAJ-2014 It is a pleasure to share with all the fellows that the 2nd post revival issue of Pakistan Library Association Journal (PLA Journal) has been published successfully. The journal is before you and we have tried to get highly qualified professionals on-board to make this happen. I visualize a brilliant future of this journal which would cater for the needs of thousands of young LIS scholars whose rich intellectual potential have not been hitherto allowed to develop properly due to limited provision of opportunities. These dynamic and youthful minds of Pakistani LIS community are certainly willing and looking forward to contribute to make this journal a true platform of learning and citadel of research. The current issue accommodates reasonably diverse themes of LIS research e.g. bibliometric studies, survey of college libraries, library websites, issues like plagiarism and competencies in Pakistan s perspective. We believe that the publication series of PLA Journal is a step towards achieving the overall objectives of Pakistan Library Association by recognizing the research activities of LIS professionals in Pakistan. Research shows that such activities are rapidly increasing; however, more efforts are required to uplift the face of Pakistani LIS community worldwide. Research-oriented individuals will not only fill the gap in demand and supply of LIS profession but will also continue to promote LIS research culture in the country. Researchers are now constantly looking for impact factor journals and the vision of Pakistan Library Association journal team is to make a way forward of making it an Impact Factor journal. We know it is long way to achieve this objective, but we are committed to get it done. We also hope that articles in this issue would prove beneficial for future research and planning activities in the realm of Library & Information Science in the developing countries. I appeal to all those at the helm of affairs to join us in this gigantic noble task of national importance to make this Journal a great seat of learning and a platform for our young and seasoned researchers simultaneously to express themselves in the form of their publications. Any suggestions and queries are warmly welcomed and highly appreciated. We are facilitating and actually this journal belongs to all the stakeholders here and there. Haroon Idrees, PhD Editor-in-Chief 3

5 This page is intentionally left blank Table of Contents... Error! Bookmark not defined. University Library Websites in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan An Analytical Study of Public Sector UniversitiesError! Bookmark not defined. Citation analysis of scholarly publications: A case study of the Journal for Rural Development and Administration JORDA A bibliometric analysis of contributions in Islamic studies (journal): A Survey on library use in Government Girls Colleges of District Peshawar... Error! Bookmark not defined. Academic News Updates... 45

6 Table of Contents PLAJ-2014 No. Titles Authors Page 1. Editorial Editor-in-Chief 3 2. University Library Websites in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Study of Public Sector Universities 3. Citation analysis of scholarly publications: A case study of the Journal for Rural Development and Administration JORDA 4. A bibliometric analysis of contributions in Islamic studies (journal): A survey on status of Libraries in Government Girls Colleges in District Peshawar 6. Bibliometric Study of International Journal of Library & Information Science. Zahid ur Rehman, Dr. Saeedullah Sajjad Ali Shad Abid Hussain Jalal Uddin Asghar Ali, Arif Khan, Sidra Mushtaq Abid Hussain Muhammad Ibrahim Sarah Saeed Saima Ali Dr. Saeedullah Jan Abid Hussain Zahid-ur- Rehman Nazia Sharif Anwar Baloch Aziz-ur-Rehman Haroon Idrees Academic News Updates Editor 50 5

7 University Library Websites in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Study of Public Sector Universities Zahid ur Rehman, Department of Library & Information Science, University of Peshawar Dr. Saeed Ullah Jan, HoD, DLIS, Khushal Khan Khattak University Sajjad Ali Shad, Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar Abid Hussain and Jalal Uddin MS-Scholars, DLIS, Sarhad University, Peshawar 6 Abstract Library website is a specialized tool for the facilitation of library users. It serves the library community without the restriction of time and walls. The present study gives an analytical study and compares public sector university library website and their features. The data regarding present study was collected from the domain of Universities website. For this purpose, the Universities websites were used as primary source of data collection. The major goal of this study is to assess the selected university library websites with the pre-defined criteria / ranking (tables) and to rank the selected university library websites in Peshawar region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is reflected from the interpretation of collected data that University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar (UETP) and University of Peshawar (UOP) clinched top positions in connection with library websites in libraries of the public sector universities of this territory. Introduction The development in the field of Library and Information Sciences is increasing day by day. This fast development in Information Science has laid the foundation for a new innovative improvement in university libraries. With the original advancement in rising information, university libraries/information centers have already reshaped the specific objectives in today s changing environment as information learning and innovation. Most of the universities libraries are now a day s web based and the users are trying to access the resources of library easily. Diaz (1998) stressed that university library website play a very dynamic role in facilitation of users. This is the tool which tries to provide the product to the end users. Library products can also be used globally on Internet. The previously used criteria s were not capable for the evaluation of library websites which were used by the library practitioners in past. Many approaches are being used by different researchers. However, a few studies were carried out for the assessment of library websites (Baheti, 2013). These assessments were made on the basis of number of hits fired by the users. Keeping in view the above discussion, a detail study of this nature is the need

8 PLAJ-2014 of the hour. This study focuses the evaluative study of library websites of Public Sector Universities in Peshawar region of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Objectives To systematically & analytically study university library websites at Peshawar city. To examine different features of university library websites of the target area. To evaluate university library websites with the standard criteria. To rank websites of public sector university libraries in Peshawar region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Literature study Several diverse approaches have been used for different purposes of library websites. The standard and success of a library websites depends upon credibility, accessibility and responsiveness. They suggested that websites and library links at the main university websites need to be assessed continuatively using pre-defined criteria (Baheti, 2013). Web is a dynamic and indispensable information source in this modern era of emerging technologies the capabilities, merits, demerits and issues related with web are also discussed (Noruzi, 2004). Data were collected from 100 research scholars out of 150 at the Banasthali University. The main goal of the study was to find out the information and library services available to them. The study points out the guide lines of information and library resources necessary to help researchers to fulfill their specific needs (Pareek & Rana, 2013). Survey method was used to obtain perception of students toward digital library services in the International Islamic University, Malaysia. Data were collected through questionnaire form 164 post graduate students. The results pointed out high level responsiveness among respondents (Bagudu & Sadiq, 2013). Automation of University Libraries in Islamabad and Punjab are in a very good position as compared to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh and Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan. The university libraries of Baluchistan need special attention for their improvement (Jan & Sheikh, 2011 ). Different academic library websites are using Web 2.0 technologies (Mahmood & Jr, 2011). The study analyzed the output of the research students and faculty members at the Sambalpur University during the year 2007 to The study examines the growth, contribution and significance of the research of the researchers. The study also observes the contents of the published papers (Maharana & sethi, 2013). Discussed the effect of motivation on efficiency, the view of motivation of the librarian and the degree of librarian satisfaction at the universities in Ghana. The study resulted some important suggestions on the improvement of motivation system in libraries of public sector universities (Knust, Knust, & UDS, 2013). The scholar analyzed the promotional activities, evaluate the staffing of university libraries, and build a model web page of university libraries in Kerala. The study determined that how the university libraries are equipped for marketing in Kerala (Dr., 2013). The paper studied universities libraries in Ireland to show how the universities libraries present their information. The study was evaluated based on checklist of 50 criteria related to universities libraries. The study shows that overall the information s in these websites were very well presented (Barry & Tedd, 2008). Hussain presented the details about role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in university 7

9 library. He also explained the way to learn ICT, purpose of using ICT in library services, evaluate ICT utilization based services and examined the degree of satisfaction level of users for research activities (Hussain, 2013). Analytical study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Universities The present study evaluates the websites in four areas that includes organization and structure, presentation, maintenance and library website features. Data analysis took place at the end of year The comparative statement at the level of university library websites is presented. The average scores of each category are given in table. The relevant scores are added and their average scores for ranking of the library websites were compared. The quantitative evaluation system (ten point scales that is 0 to 10) was designed for determining the evaluation checklist to know whether it works effectively as well as to provide meaningful numerical rating of each feature that is selected. This is also for the purpose to distinguish quality websites having similar content. The rating scale of 0-10 is used in which 0 is for the least and 10 for the highest rate given by surveyor on the basis of approach. The proposed rating table allows us in assigning numerical value to university library website. Hence the conducted study provides final results on the basis of which one can make decision regarding the top ranks. The following table shows the name of university library, its web address and URL of library page. Table 1: General Information Name of University Web address Library link University of Peshawar (UOP) University of Engineering & Technology (UETP) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University (KPAU) Islamia College University (ICU) Khyber Medical University (KMU) Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University (SBBWU) Institute of Management Science (IMS) Organization and Structure of University Library Websites: Under study the major area covered under this heading includes site accessibility from browsers, page fastness, image, icons and graphics appearances. The following table 2 explain the status of organization and structure. Table 2: Organization and Structure of University Library Websites (these values are given in range 0-10) 8 Organization & Structure criteria UOP UETP KPAU ICU KMU SBBWU IMS Site accessibility from Browsers (3 browsers) Page fastness?

10 Images, icons and graphics appearances PLAJ Statistical tools were applied to above table and the following table obtained. This table shows the minimum, maximum values, mean and standard deviation. Table 3: Statistical tabulation for table 2 Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Peshawar University UET Peshawar Agriculture Peshawar ICU Peshawar KMU Peshawar SBBWU Peshawar IMSciences Peshawar The following diagram visually shows the calculation of above table. Figure 1: Graphical presentation of organization and structure of university library websites Presentation Criteria: Representation of websites is an appealing tool. It must be understandable, easy to find the way, capability to return the home page and graphics. Table 3 interprets the presentation of websites under study. Below table shows the details of the given universities in term of graphics, text and other relevant parameters. Table 3: Presentation of University Library Websites Presentation criteria UOP UETP KPAU ICU KMU SBBWU IMS 9 Graphics and texts easy to understandable

11 Web pages are easy to find the way Every page included way to turn the home page Graphics are the most appropriate middle group The following table shows the statistical calculation of the above table 3. Table 4: Statistical tabulation for table 3 Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Peshawar University UET Peshawar Agriculture Peshawar ICU Peshawar KMU Peshawar SBBWU Peshawar IMSciences Peshawar Below graph visually describe the calculations of above table. Figure 2: Graphical presentation of university library websites Graphics and texts easy to understandable Web pages are easy to find the way Every page included way to turn the home page Graphics are the most appropriate middle group 10 Maintenance Criteria: Maintenance means removing of errors, bugs and shortcomings/ deficiencies in a website. The respondents are asked to reply in connection with maintenance of university library websites. The queries included in the portion of the study are: persons responsible for the site maintenance, allows a user to send comments to library and server appearance.

12 PLAJ-2014 Table 4 shows the details of universities in term of maintenance of university library websites. Table 4: Maintenance of University Library Websites Maintenance Criteria UOP UETP KPAU ICU KMU SBBWU IMS Persons responsible for the site maintenance Allows a user to send comments to library Server appearance Table 5 shows the statistical calculations of above table 4. Table 5: Statistical tabulation for table 4 Descriptive Statistics Variables Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Peshawar University UET Peshawar Agriculture Peshawar ICU Peshawar KMU Peshawar SBBWU Peshawar IMSciences Peshawar The following figure shows the graphical representation of above table. Figure 3: Graphical presentation for maintenance of university library websites Server appearance Allows a user to send comments to library Persons responsible for the site maintenance 11

13 Features of Library Websites Criteria: A library website is recognized from the features and its special characteristics. These are the tools which attract viewers. Various feature of university websites were addressed in the study. The following table shows its detail of reference assistance, search library, links to data base, links to open access resources, search engine functionality and links to other web reference sites. Table 5: Features of University Library Websites Features of Library Websites Criteria UOP UETP KPAU ICU KMU SBBWU IMS Option to request reference assistance Option to search a library Links to databases Links to open access resource Search Engine functionality Links to other web reference sites Table 6 shows the statistical tabulation of above table. Table 6: Statistical tabulation for table 5 Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Peshawar University UET Peshawar Agriculture Peshawar ICU Peshawar KMU Peshawar SBBWU Peshawar IMSciences Peshawar Below presentation visually shows the details of above table. 12

14 Figure 4: Graphical presentation for features of university library websites PLAJ-2014 Option to request reference assistance, IMS, 6, 13% Option to request reference assistance, SBBWU, 5, 11% Option to request reference assistance, KMU, 6, 13% Option to request reference assistance, KPAU, 7, 16% Option to request reference assistance, UOP, 7, 16% UOP Option to request UETP reference assistance, UETP, 8, 18% KPAU ICU KMU SBBWU IMS Option to request reference assistance, ICU, 6, 13% Library Websites Ranking of University Library Websites: Keeping in view the main theme of this paper, an effort was made to rank university library websites. Table 7 elucidates the ranking formula. All the previous tables were processed for determine total points. The following table shows the detail ranking of university library websites. Table 7: Ranking of University Library Websites Evaluation Criteria and Points Organization Presentation & Structure Table 3 Table 2 Maintenance Table 4 Features of library websites Table 5 Total Points Rank UOP (Excellent) UETP (Excellent) KPAU (Average) ICU (Needs Improvement) KMU (Average) SBBWU (Needs Improvement) IMS (Average) Table 8 shows the scale of weights assigned to different universities Library. Table 8: Rating Scale of University Library Websites Range (Score) Rank 13

15 Excellent Average Needs Improvement The following figure visually shows the ranking of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Universities in available criteria. Figure 5: Ranking of university library websites IMS, 129 Average UOP, 132 Excellent SBBWU, 110 Need Improvement UETP, 137 Excellent KMU, 123 Average KPAU, 123 Average ICU, 117 Need Improvement Conclusion From the analysis of data, it is resulted that UETP and UOP have got good scoring in library websites. The IMS at top level in site accessibility and page features. It is revealed that graphics and text understandability of UOP, UETP, KPAU, KMU and IMS library websites are good. UETP appears at a top level in maintenance of library websites. The features of library websites were analyzed and it is also found that UETP is at the top of the university library websites in the region. The analysis of data also reflects the less developed status of library websites of ICU and SBBWU. They need improvement for standardization of their websites. References Bagudu, A. A., & Sadiq, H. (2013). Students' Perception of Digital Library Services: A Case Study of International Islamic University, Malaysia. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 14 Baheti, A. B. K. D. S. R. (2013 ). Evaluative Study of University Web Sites and their Library Web Pages. International Journal of Digital Library Services, 3(1).

16 PLAJ-2014 Barry, L., & Tedd, L. A. (2008). Local studies collections online: an investigation in Irish public libraries Program: electronic library and information systems, 42(2). Diaz, K. R. (1998). The role of the library website: A step beyond deli sandwiches.. Reference & Use Services Quarterly 38(1), Dr., S. K. P. (2013). University Library web sites in Kerala as marketing tools: an Evaluation. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Hussain, A. (2013). The ICT based library and Information services: a case study of B- Schools in Delhi and NCR region. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Jan, S. U., & Sheikh, R. A. (2011 ). Automation of University Libraries: A Comparative Analysis of Islamabad and Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa, Pakistan. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Knust, R. B. L., Knust, M. S. B., & UDS, I. K. A. (2013 ). Motivation and Performance of Librarians in Public Universities in Ghana. Library Philosophy and Practice (ejournal). Maharana, R. K., & sethi, B. B. (2013 ). A bibliometric analysis of the research output of Sambalpur University s publication in ISI Web of Science during Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Mahmood, K., & Jr, J. V. R. (2011). Adoption of Web 2.0 in US academic libraries: a survey of ARL library websites. Program: electronic library and information systems, 45 (4), Noruzi, A. (2004). Introduction to Webology. Webology, 1(August). Pareek, A. K., & Rana, M. S. (2013). Study of Information Seeking Behavior and Library Use Pattern of Researchers in the Banasthali University. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 15

17 Citation analysis of scholarly publications: A case study of the Journal for Rural Development and Administration JORDA Asghar Ali, Assistant Research Librarian, PARD asghararl@gmail.com Arif Khan, PhD Scholar, DLIS, University of Sargodha arifpard@gmail.com Sidra Mushtaq, Teaching Assistant, DLIS, University of Sargodha sidramaliknoor@yahoo.com Abstract The study presents an evaluative analysis of the References of scholarly articles published in Journal for Rural Development and Administration (JORDA). JORDA is published by Pakistan Academy for Rural Development (PARD) since 1964 and is internationally recognized journal in the field of rural development and administration. The study covers citation analysis of the papers published in JORDA from 2001 to 2006 where the articles per issue, citations per article, chronology of average citation age etc., were examined to determine the quality of citation and references of JORDA. Introduction Journal for Rural Development and Administration is a quarterly publication of Pakistan Academy for Rural Development (PARD) Pakistan. JORDA is published in 4 volumes each year namely winter, spring, summer, and autumn since The journal is published with the basic objective of generating and creating interest of the readers of the topics relating to various aspects of our daily life with a special emphasis on social problems. It provides a good analytical access and disseminates information in the field of Rural Development and Local Government issues. Research papers published in the journal are the contributions of the scholars and experts from Pakistan and other developing countries as well (Khan, 2015). JORDA has worldwide recognition and welcomes research articles that represent original work on psychological, sociological, and economic aspects of rural development for publication. 16 In scientific circle, the reference helps the reader in identifying and finding sources in which in turn clarify any research work more authentic and reliable. Citation plays an important role in determining the quality of an article. Citations, at one hand offers acknowledgements to the authors whose work being cited by the researcher and at other hand it helps in avoiding plagiarism thus making any research work trustworthy and consistent. Proper citations allow a reader to determine the quality of a research work. Whereas, citations from quality and peer-reviewed scholarly work add values to the quality, authenticity, and excellence of knowledge-base of both the reader and the reading.

18 PLAJ-2014 Citation Analysis is a branch of bibliometric in which a portion of analysis is a document that is being cited as a bibliographic reference (Khaparde, 2011). In other words, Citation analysis examines the frequency, patterns and graphs of citations in articles and books (Garfield, 1972). Citation analysis begun with the publication of Science Publication Index (SPI) in It is the study of the distribution or scattering of references. Besides elaborating on the quality of research work, citation studies provide guidelines for the Information Professionals in the decision making process in their procurement/acquisition process and policy. There are many reasons why and how citations support the research work for authenticity and reliability. Leydesdorff (1998) dilated upon the necessity and usage of citation from contribution to the advancement of science and knowledge. Many researchers elaborated on impact of citations on research and development of knowledge. Lotka s Law (1926) make citation possible for presentation and helps readers to access the information efficiently in detail by providing evidence and acknowledgement to the referred works. This work is intended to analyze the citation of articles in order to gauge the quality of scholarly work published by an international journal i.e. Journal of Rural Development and Administration. Bibliographies, and other list-like compilations of references, are generally not considered citations because they do not fulfill the true spirit of the term: deliberate acknowledgement by other authors of the priority of one's ideas. Limitation of Study This study is limited to examine cited References of the articles published by JORDA from 2001 to JORDA is being published since 1964, however, we could have access to data available from 2001 to 2006 whereas, several issues were found missing from the data earlier than the year 2001 with publishing organization i.e. Pakistan Academy for Rural Development. This is why only issues published between 2001 and 2006 were considered for analysis. Literature Review Citation analysis is a tool of Bibliometric and becoming increasingly important to evaluate the scientific productivity of authors, articles, and scholarly publications in a specific field of study. Citations have become an essential part of the research paper by which authors influence their work and validate their arguments. Citation count or citation analysis gives a comprehensive picture of previously published and/or unpublished work in a domain of any particular research work. However, references of a particular research work also influence its quality. Linda C. Smith (1981) wrote in her paper that citation shows relationships between citing and cited paper/document. Author has shown fifteen characteristics of citation. She says that the citation is an interesting subject for study. She also shows her interest in the techniques for development of citation analysis. She says that new techniques and tool has 17

19 made citation analysis easy. In ancient time the citation were carried out manually by the lists of limited journals. Small (1999) explains that co-citation analysis enables the identification of the groups of the scientists and their publications and for conclusion to be drawn from the inner structures of the research discipline school or paradigm. Kostoff (1998) has written a paper on use and miss use of citation analysis. He has discussed is the possible usage of citation analysis and referencing. Among many other possible use, the author highlighted that it can be effectively used for many areas like trend finding, impact factor, book mark and self-serving purposes. The paper actually focused on the need of the citation. Moreover, he explained that we use citation that we less contribute to advance the knowledge and less for noble purposes. The study presents the comparison of some Russian/American author s papers of different fields. MacRoberts & MacRoberts (1989) has discussed about the problems of Citation Analysis and presented a critical review. The authors explained that most of the problems of citation are not studied or received due attention from the researchers. Biggest errors results when these problems are not solved. Authors suggested that the users/researchers of the citation analysis should use and examine citations carefully. Small (1999) in his paper Visualizing Science by Citation Map in Journal of the American Society for Information Science discussed data mapping in background of information visualization. He tried to make the map of science using citation data review using co-citation cluster. The overall map shows the breath of the multi discipline data set sample. In this paper efforts have been made to visualize the data set using advanced virtually reality, whereas the related software has also been described. (Khaparde, 2011) in his well-known article Pattern of Information use by Researchers in Library and Information Science has focused on the patterns which are used in library science research. Basically this study is on the Library HiTech Journal and covered the duration from 2005 to It presented the analysis of 3876 citations from almost 247 articles. Objectives Primary objective of this study is to examine how far quoted references of the scholarly articles influence its quality. For the purpose, a case study of JORDA has been conducted where its articles published from 2001 to 2006 were examined. The quality of articles were examined through: 18 Identifying the average number of references cited by an article Examining the authorship pattern of the cited references Assessing the quality and validity of cited sources Determine how old or new are the cited references

20 PLAJ-2014 Methodology References along with its in-text citations were collected from all articles using a spread sheet through OCR (Optical Character Recognition) scanning technology. Afterward the collected data was thoroughly checked for possible typographical errors or missing characters. Data were arranged alphabetically in separate fields i.e. author name, title etc., and were categorized accordingly for ease of analysis. Different priorities were set out (such as collection of statistical data, verification of each source from online databases of scholarly publication) before conducting in-depth analysis. The data was imported in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for further analysis. Different tables were generated in the SPSS using its descriptive statistical analysis techniques. Required tables (created in SPSS) were imported in Microsoft Excel 2007 for visualization of results by using the advanced feature of Recommended Charts. Findings and Results Findings of the analysis are compiled keeping in view different aspects of the citation analysis. Citations and References of 52 research articles published from 2001 to 2006 have been examined for its numbers, quality, frequency of distribution, authorship pattern, and chronological distribution of citations. Average articles per Issue There are 52 papers published in JORDA from 2001 to The average papers per issues are approximately eight. Figure (below) shows the summary of year-wise number of articles published in JORDA from 2001 to Figure 1: Year-wise number of articles published in JORDA from Year-wise Number of Articles / Average number of References per Article The average number of references per articles is 22. Whereas, collectively 1139 valid references have been recorded in all the published issues of JORDA from However, the quality of citation and their corresponding references were determined by identifying the actual sources from where the reference was quoted. Figure (below) 19

21 shows the year-wise distribution of references counted in the published articles of JORDA. Figure 2: Number of references counted year-wise Year-wise Number of References counted / Quality of Citations and References The quality of citation and referencing play a vital role in determining the quality of an article. The latest source of reference provides up-to-date information and ultimately supports to validate the referred information. However, latest source of information quoted by an author (and validated by the actual source) is a corner stone to authentic research and scientific information. We have encountered several issues while validating all the references under study. However, only those references were added for further analysis which were found validated either from the World Wide Web or Online Computer Library Catalog (The OCLC). Two analysis were conducted to determine the quality of references. The quoted references of each article was examined to check for oldest and latest years. The figure (below) shows overall scenario for recorded references according to their year. Figure 3: Age analysis of the references 20

22 PLAJ-2014 Latest Citation/Referencing Years Data shows that latest references quoted in respective articles fall between 1986 and This means that the data presented in the articles published in JORDA during the understudy period was updated thus the quality of articles and the information contained therein was sufficiently new and latest. Moreover, the graph shows that maximum number of articles (i.e. 20 out of 52) have found to quote sources ranging and publishing between the years 2001 to However, some articles have found to quote references from older sources which have been recorded separately in order to judge year-wise average age of the quoted citation/references. Figure (below) shows year-wise average age of cited references in the studies population. Figure 4: Average reference age around trending line Year-wise trend line of quoted References Oldest Reference Newest Reference 21

23 As shown in the figure, information contained in the citation/references quoted in the studies articles rests between 1950 and The average reference age, as counted from the year of publication of each reference, have been 28 years in general which means that in whole 52 articles published in JORDA from 2001 to 2006 reflects the literature of 28 years in its articles. Authorship Pattern Analysis Each reference was examined for its authorship pattern. The data was manipulated using SPSS and different description statistical analysis were performed in order to analyze the trend of authorship increase/decrease in the quoted references and the sources quoted by authors of the articles contributed in JORDA. Figure (below) shows authorship pattern analysis of the References understudy. Figure 5: Authorship pattern of the references Authorship pattern in quoted References / Single Author Two author More than two authors Corporate Bodies As show in figure, mostly references contained single author whereas, the second largest count were the sources produced by Corporate Bodies/Organizations. Table (below) shows the number of References contained single, two, more than two authors, and Corporate Bodies. 22 Table 1:Count of Authorship collaboration found the references Year Single Author Two author More authors Corporate Bodies TOTAL / TOTAL

24 PLAJ-2014 There were seven hundred single authored references, 128 two authored references, and 222 references of the sources produced by Corporate Bodies/Organizations. The results of analysis shows that single authored sources were highest in cited references. Conclusion Defined as a wide-ranging area of bibliometric, citation analysis studies the citations to and from documents, and is one method often used to generate core lists of journals deemed critical to the research needs of an institution. Journal for Rural Development and Administration is the research publication of Pakistan Academy for rural development which started from The journal is recognized internationally in the field of Social Sciences and covers the domain of agriculture, rural development, poverty, health, education, unemployment pollution, child labour, environment and other social, administrative issues. Collectively 1139 references were examined for its year, authorship pattern, quality of citation, and authentication of the cited source. This study concludes that the articles contributed to JORDA during 2001 to 2006 contains the latest citation and references. Therefore, contributing up-to-date information/data for its readers. Analysis revealed that on average each article cites 22 references from different sources. Mostly cited references are of single, double and of corporate authors/bodies. References Garfield, E. (1972). Citation analysis as a tool in journal evaluation. Khan, A. (2015). Journal of Rural Development & Administration: A Bibliometric Study. Journal of Rural Development and Administration JORDA. Khaparde, V. (2011). Pattern of information use by researchers in library and Information Science. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(12). Kostoff, R. N. (1998). The use and misuse of citation analysis in research evaluation. Scientometrics, 43(1), Leydesdorff, L. (1998). Theories of citation? Scientometrics, 43(1), Lotka, A. J. (1926). The frequency distribution of scientific productivity. Journal of Washington Academy Sciences. MacRoberts, M. H., & MacRoberts, B. R. (1989). Problems of citation analysis: A critical review. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 40(5), Small, H. (1999). Visualizing science by citation mapping. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(9), Smith, L. C. (1981). Citation analysis. Library Trends, 30(1),

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26 PLAJ-2014 A bibliometric analysis of contributions in Islamic studies (journal): Abid Hussain Assistant Librarian, Peshawar Medical Collage, Warsak Road Peshawar abid_as44@yahoo.com Muhammad Ibrahim Chief Librarian, Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar pmclibrary@hotmail.com Sarah Saeed Librarian, Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar happygirl36@hotmail.com Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the scholarly communication of research journal: Islamic studies published during 2009 to 2011 using the bibliometric parameters. Data were collected for study from printed volumes of research journal for selected period of three years. Total numbers of 91 scholarly articles were analyzed from different aspects to find out year wise distribution of articles, authorship pattern, gender wise distribution, ranking of Authors, length of articles, cited documents per articles and country wise contribution of authors. The study revealed that major contribution of male authors, Pakistani authors were contributing more as compare to rest of world, books were cited 67.36% followed by journals as a cited documents. A reasonable number of articles are of length 1-5 pages, followed by 20-30pages. Majority of the articles are single authored, female contribution is minimal. Introduction Bibliometrics is a study which analyzes scholarly productivity of research work or other published literature in a specific field or area. The Bibliometric parameters are used to cover the various aspects of research publications like citation analysis, distribution of articles, authorship pattern and geographical affiliation of authors. The term Bibliometric was first coined by Alan Pitchard in He says that Bibliometrics is the application of mathematics and statistical methods to books and other media of communication. Bibliometric study shows the productivity, maturity and standard of the research communication. Bibliometric studies are now constantly conducted by the professional of Library and information sciences to evaluate the scientific output of the research and other publications. Bibliometric study is found a useful tool for Librarians in selection and weeding of research collection because its help the Librarian and research scholars to identify most popular and potential research publications. Islamic Studies The Internationally peer reviewed research publication namely Journal of Islamic Studies published quarterly by Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan, since Issue of three years ( ) has picked up for the Bibliometric study which includes volume no 48, 49 and 50. The journal is approved by 25

27 Higher Education Commission Pakistan. The main object of the publication of Islamic Studies to provide a forum to Islamic researchers for their research publication. This journal covers the different aspects of Islamic related specialties like Qur an, Hadith, Tafsir, Islamic Laws, Islamic Social Issues, Economics, Education and other different areas. Researchers from Pakistan and other countries take part in this journal. The Editorial Board of Islamic Studies consists of highly expert members. Articles published in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS), Science of Religion, index Islamicus, Muslim World Bank Review, Internationale Bibliographie der Rezensionen (IBR), Middle East Journal (MEJ), American Theological Library Association (ATLA), Index to Book Review in Religion (IBRR), and Religion Index one: Periodicals (RIO), Religion Database, Islamic Studies is listed in the databases of JSTOR, EBSCOHOST, and PROQUEST and also available on Gale and its affiliated international databases through Asianet, Pakistan. Literature Review Literature review is a significant practice in a research process and can help the others in future for the same study. The authors have found a good number of bibliometric studies during search on research journals. Thavamani, Kotti (2014) has carried out a Bibliometric study of 151 Journals of Library and Information Sciences from Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). He examined number of Issues, Subject specialty of Journals, country of journal and its language. Swain, Dillip K., Chandrakanta Swain, and Bijayalaxmi Rautaray (2014) examined the Journal Business Economics for selected period from 2008 to They revealed that majority of articles contained length of 8 to 10 pages. They also said the larger contribution has made by single authors and the authors from others 12 countries took part in this journal in which United State of America was on top. ur Rehman, Sajjad and Roslina Othman (2013) exhibits the features of the Bradfordian Law of Scattering while identifying core Authors, publishers sources of literature, and countries of origin. A database of 3,026 citations was created with information about the four primary measures for authors, publishers, sources and countries of origin. Barik, Nilaranjan, and Puspanjali Jena (2013) discussed the bibliometric of Knowledge Management Practice covers the 180 articles from The investigators showed that, in the year 2011, highest 42(23.3%) articles were published, Single author contribution has predominant with 42.7%. citations per article are 19, USA has contributed highest 18.8% and highest 69.4% articles are published with page range of Ansari, Mehtab Alam, Sumeer Gul, and Mohammad Yaseen (2012) have conducted the Bibliometric study of Index Medicus to investigate its distribution of literature, and to know about the country, authorship pattern.

28 PLAJ-2014 Walia, Paramjeet Kaur and Manpreet Kaur (2012) analyzed 165 articles published in the year 2008 in different journals of Library and information Science (LIS) from United Kingdom and United State of America. To know the types of research articles, subject trends in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS). They revealed that % articles were research based. S.Thanuskodi (2011) studied the bibliometric phenomenon of the Indian Journal of Chemistry. The findings reveal that the maximum numbers (27%) of research papers were published in the year It also reported that 91% of the articles were written by Indian scholars. Fernandez-Raga, M, et.al. (2011) studied Web of Science they analyzed various aspects of 300 articles which publish under the topic of Disdrometer. These articles were published in 60 Journals since The number of articles has been increase during the selected period. Thanuskodi, S (2010) conducted a Bibliometric study of The Journal Library Philosophy and Practice from 2005 to He analyzed 249 articles published during the selected period. He revealed that the maximum articles 31.32% were single authored and the journals were the most cited document with 96.85%. Asha and Anil (2010) carried out a Bibliometric study in which they found 4798 citation appended to 400 articles published from 2003 to 2007 in the Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. They also said that the most cited documents were from journals. Kumar, Shailendra, and Shehbaz Husain Naqvi (2010) analyzed 1313 records of the research output of the Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi. In which 984 articles from journal, 273 conference papers and 56 books were analyzed by using the Bradford`s Law and Lotka`s Law and found appropriate the data. Harande, Yahya Ibrahim (2008) carried analysis on Islamic Ed conomics Thoughts on Economics: bibliometric methods were applied. That exhibit 51 papers published throughout the period of the study 77% emanates from Bangladesh, while the remaining 23% were shared among nine countries of the world. 21% were collaborated contributions of the Muslims scientists in single authorship; English dominates other languages by scoring88.2% while Urdu scored 19.6%. Wallace Koehler, et.al. (2000) examined four journals including three online and one offline. The paper discussed that there was a great deal of difference in the bibliometric nature of these journals. Anwar, Mumtaz Ali, and Hamid Saeed (2013) have conducted quantitative study of 251 articles produced by professionals of Library and Information Science from Pakistan. The study reflects that 90.4 % citations were from 43 journals which origin was United States of America. Abdullah, Raihanah, and Asmak Ab Rahman (2009) analyzed different aspect of articles by means of bibliometrics published in the Journal Syariah from 1993 to The journal is academic and covered the specialty of Islamic Law and its use in current 27

29 era. Data of the mentioned period was analyzed statistically using the Statistical Product and Services Solutions (SPSS). Objectives 0f the study The aim of this study was to investigate the various aspects of journal of IRI Islamic Studies according to the specific objectives as under: To evaluate the year wise distribution of articles To find out the authorship pattern and geographical affiliation To examine the contribution of authors gender wise To measure articles lengthwise To study the pattern of citation Methodology The Bibliometric measurements were used in this study for analyses of the articles. As frequency of publication of the journal is quarterly, therefore, data analysis was carried out on quarterly basis. The evaluated data of 91articlespublished during the mentioned period were tabulated and examined. Findings were made and conclusions were drawn by using Microsoft Excel sheet for data analysis and interpretation of articles. Data Analysis and Interpretation Table: 1 Distribution of articles Issue wise Year Issue/No Vol. No No. of Articles % age of articles published Spring % Summer % Autumn % Winter % Spring % Summer % 49 Autumn % Winter % Spring % Summer % 50 Autumn 3 1 Winter % 28 Total % Average articles published per % Articles per issue Issue 1 Cumulative issue of Autumn-3 & Winter-4, 2011

30 PLAJ-2014 Table1 above shows that a maximum no. of 10 (11%) out of 91 articles were published in the issue of Spring and minimum number of articles 05(5.49%) out of 91 in the issue of Sprin % articles on an average were published per issue. Less than 10 articles per issue were published in the issues of 2009, 2010 and average 8.75% per issue in the year 2011 was show the progress towered increase in average per issues, i.e (spring 2011, 11%). Table 2: Authorship patterns Authorship Patterns Year Issue/No Single author articles 2 authors articles 3 authors Articles 4 authors Articles Total authors Single Joint Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn 3 Winter Total Authors Percentage 93.68% 2.11% 0% 4.21% Table 2 exhibits that a good number of articles 89(93.68%) out of a total of 91 articles are single authored followed by 1(2.11%) which are two authored articles and only one article authored by four authors. It is also reflected that majority of articles published in the journal Islamic Studies have single authorship. Table 3: Contribution of Authors Gender-wise Gender wise Authorship Year Issue/No Total articles Male Female Shared authorship (male + female) 29

31 Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn 3 Winter Total Percentage % % 1.11 % While examining by gender of authors, it was observed in Table no 3 that a majority 77(84.61%) out of 91 published articles were written by male scholars while 13(14.28%) of the articles by female scholars and only 01(1.11%) out of 91 articles is written by shared authors i.e. male and female jointly. The female contribution to this special field of study is low. It is conclude that Islamic Studies is a male demined journal. Ranking of authors The ranking of contributors were made on the basis of number of articles published in the journal from spring 2009 to winter Table 4 shows information in this regard. Consequent upon the criteria framed for the ranking of authors, Murad Wilfried Hofmannof Germany, A retired German diplomat, well-known author of several books on Islam, including Islam: The Alternative and Islam 2000was found on top of the list.syed Rizwan Zamir, PhD candidate in Qur anic Studiesat the University of Wales, UK and a fellow at Al-Mawrid, Lahore, Pakistan, Asad Zaman Professor, International Institute of Economics (IIE), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) and Ather Zaidi Formerly Director General, Administration and Finance, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan have clinched second position in the order of the list. The contributions of the remaining contributors are listed below: 30 Table 4: Ranking of Authors S.No Ranking NAME of Contributors Number of contributions Country 1 1 Murad Wilfried Hofmann 04 Germany 2 2 Syed Rizwan Zamir 03 Pakistan/usa 3 = 2 Asad Zaman 03 Pakistan 4 = 2 Ather Zaidi 03 Pakistan 5 3 Muhammad Tahir Mansoori 02 Pakistan 6 = 3 Muhammad Khalid Masud 02 Pakistan

32 PLAJ = 3 Fahmeeda Malik 02 Saudi Arabia 8 = 3 Muhammad Safeer Awan 02 Pakistan 9 = 3 Anke Iman Bouzenita 02 Malaysia Table 5: Length of Articles Year Issue/No <= More than pages pages pages pages pages 40 pages Total Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn 3 Winter No. of articles %age of articles 28.57% 18.68% 15.39% 27.48% 5.49% 4.39% 100 An attempt was made to study length of articles published in the research Journal Islamic Studies during the above mentioned period. It was observed that a good number of articles i.e. 26(28.57%) out of 91 articles have 1 to 5 pages while 25(27.48%) out of the articles have pages, and 17(18.68%) out of 91 articles have pages. It is reported that 04(4.39%) published article was found more than 40 pages in the selected period. Table 6: Forms of documents cited No. of Issues Form of Documents Year Issue/No Books Journals Conference Proceedings Thesis & Dissertations Website Others Total Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter

33 2011 Spring Summer Autumn 3 Winter Total Percentage 67.36% 21.25% 0.28% 0.88% 4.49% 5.74% 100 The above Table indicates issue-wise citation analysis of the research papers published from Table 6 elucidates that about 2386(67.36%) out of 3542 citations are from books. A good number 753 (21.25%) out of 3542 have been quoted from research journals. A very small proportion of cited literature is from web. Literature other than enlisted above have been cited in the research journal was 203 (5.74%) out of 3542 citations. Conference Proceedings and Theses, dissertations have been referenced in a very limited number. During the literature search of the bibliographies/ references section of the research papers, it is reflected that some of the papers have very small list of references. It also shows that the issue of (Winter 4) 2009 is richer in references as compared with the other quarterly publications of the journal, whereas the issue of (Summer 2) 2011 contains the least number of references. Table 7: Geographical contributions in ISLAMIC STUDIES Journal Country No. of contributors Percentage Pakistan % USA % Malaysia % India % Germany % Canada % Australia % UK % Saudi Arabia % Norway % Egypt % Others % Total Table 7 shows that the research scholars of Pakistan have contributed the most (36 times) followed by 09 from USA, Malaysia has published 06 research papers in this Journal. India contributors 05 time and research scholars of Germany, Australia, UK and Canada have written three papers each for the publication in ISLAMIC STUDIES. The Saudi Arabia, Norway, and Egypt each have published two research papers and France, Denmark, Qatar, Botswana, Nigeria and AJK (Azad Jammu and Kashmir) has published

34 PLAJ-2014 one paper each in the Internationally Peer Reviewed Research Journal of Islamic Research Institute (IRI). Table 7 also shows the higher tendency of research culture in Pakistan is closely followed by USA in the field of Islam & Islamic Studies. That indicates that the research journal is known by the scholars/researches outside of Pakistan, due to that fact the journal being Indexed, Abstracted and listed in the databases of many recognized International Indexing, abstracting services and stored by many databases internationally. Thus Research Journal Islamic Studies is regarded to be one of the International standards, as the Journal is attracting submission from a wide range of countries from the world. Suggestions It is suggested that the female authors/scholars should be encouraged to contribute to this important field of study. The average rate of articles per year should be increased with at least articles per issue. The overall contribution of foreign authors is less as compared with Pakistan. The Pakistani and foreign scholars in the field of Islamic studies should be encouraged to write more quality work. The authors need to cite latest references especially online sources. Islamic Studies and other publication of the IRI, International Islamic University must be available online on university or institute official website and copyrights must be converting to Creative Commons (CC) 2 for round the clock (24/7) 3 online availability of back issue for research scholars and reader worldwide. Conclusion Islamic Studies is a regular quarterly research publication of the IRI (Islamic Research Institute), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Pakistan. The journal has got recognition of Higher Education Commission Pakistan. Islamic Studies has produced quality research papers in the field of Islamic studies and has attracted prominent scholars to publish their quality research work. The number of Research Articles published in the Research Journal of Islamic Research Institute (IRI): Islamic Studies from 2009 to 2011 are comparatively less than the other journal with average 7.58 % articles per issue, however per issue average is reached 8.75 % in the issues of The study shows majority of the articles are single authored. Male authors were prominent with contribution of 84.62% followed by female authors with 14.29%. Contribution of Pakistani scholars is high followed by USA and Malaysia scholars as compared with the rest of the world. It is found that the references were drawn from books 67.36% is predominant and journals 21.25% and other sources like theses, dissertation, conference proceedings, reports and URL were not cited by authors. It is also concluded that this type of bibiometric studies can assist to know about the citation trends, author productivity and other different aspects of research journal. References Abdullah, R., & Ab Rahman, A. (2009). Fifteen years of Jurnal Syariah ( ). Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, 14(3), Ansari, M. A., Gul, S., & Yaseen, M. (2006). Alzhemier s Disease: a bibliometric study. 2 Creative Commons in short (CC) is a non-profitable organization in California USA, devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share. CC is a free legal tool for researcher, artistes and inventors.( accessed on August 27, 2014) 3 Twenty-four hours a day and Seven days a week. 33

35 Trends in information. Anwar, M. A., & Saeed, H. (1999). Pakistani librarians as authors: A bibliometric study of citations in LISA-PLUS. Asian Libraries, 8(2), Asha, N., & Anil, K. (2010). A bibliometric study of journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. SRELS Journal of Information Management, 47(1), Barik, N., & Jena Dr, P. (2013). Bibliometric Analysis of Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, Fernandez-Raga, M., Palencia, C., Tomas, C., Calvo, A., Castro, A., & Fraile, R. (2011). Rain research with disdrometers: a bibliometric review. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions, 4(5), Harande, Y. I. (2008). A Bibliometrics Analysis of Islamic Economics Literature: Ibrahim, M., & Jan, S. U. Bibliometric analysis of the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association form 2009 to Koehler, W., Aguilar, P., Finarelli, S., Gaunce, C., Hatchette, S., Heydon, R.,... Patterson, R. (2000). A bibliometric analysis of select information science print and electronic journals in the 1990s. Kumar, S., & Naqvi, S. H. (2010). Research output in the field of natural sciences: A bibliometric case study of Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi. IFLA journal, 36(4), Pritchard, A. (1969). Statistical bibliography or bibliometrics? Journal of documentation(25), Swain, D. K., Swain, C., & Rautaray, B. BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE JOURNAL BUSINESS ECONOMICS FROM 2008 TO Thanuskodi, S. (2010). Bibliometric analysis of the journal Library Philosophy and Practice from Thanuskodi, S. (2011). Bibliometric analysis of the Indian journal of chemistry. Library Philosophy and Practice(1), 19. Thavamani, K. (2014). Directory of Open Access Journals: A Bibliometric Study of Library and Information Science. Collaborative Librarianship, 5(4), Ullah, M., Butt, I. F., & Haroon, M. (2008). The Journal of Ayub Medical College: a 10 year bibliometric study. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 25(2), ur Rehman, S., & Othman, R. (2013). Islamic Economics Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis. Intellectual Discourse, 2(2). Walia, P. K., & Kaur, M. (2012). Content analysis of journal literature published from UK and USA. 34

36 PLAJ-2014 A survey on status of Libraries in Government Girls Colleges in District Peshawar Saima Ali Librarian, Government Girls Degree College, Kohat Road, Peshawar saimaalimslis@yahoo.com Dr. Saeed Ullah Jan HoD, DLIS, Khushal Khan Khattak University saadullahjan2011@gmail.com Abid Hussain & Zahid-ur-Rehman MS-Scholars, Sarhad University Peshawar. abid_as44@yahoo.com Nazia Sharif Student, MLIS, DLIS, Sarhad University tahaahmad@gmail.com Abstract This study investigates the use of the library by the Bachelor level students of Government Girl s colleges of District Peshawar. The prime aim of this study is to know about the current usage of the library by the readers. The effective library use is also a point of discussion of this paper. The population of this study consist of the Bachelor level girls students of three Government Girls Degree colleges of Peshawar. Thirty (30) students of Bachelor level were selected randomly as a sample from each college. A selfdeveloped questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. A total of ninety responses were collected. It was concluded that the majority of the students hesitate to use the library because of the problem they faced during its use. Lack of books, lack of organizational setup, lack of space and other physical facilities were the major factors associated with the less use of the library. Provision of latest collection, implementation of technological infrastructure commencement of library science classes at college level and awareness campaigns can be used as readership enhancement tools. Introduction Education is the fundamental right of every individual and plays an imported role in the mounting of the county. It developed the overall personality of individuals. Library is an organized collection of resources and made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. In Pakistan the colleges can be divide into two main categories known as (i) General Education colleges, (ii) Technical Education Colleges. General education colleges offer two years Intermediate (FA/FSc) and are affiliated with Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, and two years Bachelors of Arts & Bachelors of Sciences (BA/BSc) or four-year Bachelor of Science (BS) and post graduate MA & MSc (Master of Arts & Master of Science) programmed are affiliated with University. Technical or professional colleges are recognized by Board of Technical Education Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and affiliated with University for post-graduate courses, professional 35

37 colleges often collect specific resources like the libraries of engineering colleges, commerce colleges, and polytechnic colleges etc. According to the higher education department KP, uploaded on the web by bureau of Statistic KP, there are two hundred and thirty general and professional colleges in the north-west province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. S.O, Olanlokun, and T.M, Salsu, (1993) defined the Library in handbook titled Understanding the Library: A Handbook on College Library Use as A college library is a place entrusted with the acquisition, organization, preservation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information in any format to the faculty and students of college. In the developing country like Pakistan college level library situation is not very encouraging; the college level students are involved in higher education. The library is the integral part of higher education and advance learning. It plays a significant role in research. The library has large quantity of books, magazines, newspapers, films, recordings and other material to meet the demands its users. Users are unable acquire knowledge only for text books or class room s lectures, reference books are also required by him. The Libraries help him in the fulfillment of their wishes and give opportunities for acquiring advance, update and verified knowledge. On the other hand, it is much more convenient for the user to collect required material from the library. Its save time, money and energy too. A college without an appropriate library is not regarded as a properly equipped institution for its work regardless of that other localities may exist outside its Walls. In education of youth the college library stands as a symbol for the truthful expression of man knowledge and experience. It is an alt of education and helps to shape attitudes, develop abilities, provides tools and skills to young people for thinking for themselves and willing to accept and promote innovation for the progress of mankind. Literature Review Review of related literate is the prime part of research paper which indicate the pervious and current position of the research related to this study, Taylor, Dena, and Margaret Procter articulated literature review in following words; A literature review is an account of what has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers. Occasionally you will be asked to write one as a separate assignment (sometimes in the form of an annotated bibliography), but more often it is part of the introduction to an essay, research report, or thesis. In writing the literature review, your purpose is to convey to your reader what knowledge and ideas have been established on a topic, and what their strengths and weaknesses are. As a piece of writing, the literature review must be defined by a guiding concept (e.g., your research objective, the problem or issue you are discussing or your argumentative thesis). It is not just a descriptive list of the material available or a set of summaries Taylor and Procter, (2008). 36 Many printed and electronic recourses were consulted for review purpose which included Library journals, online databases by using different search engines, some most relevant studies were recorded in this portion.

38 PLAJ-2014 Adekanmbi, A. R., & Boadi, B. Y. (2008) study the budget allocation to libraries of Botswana college of Education from 2000 to 2004, a twenty-one item questionnaire was used as data collection instrument, the primary investigation indicate that budget given to the college does not satisfy the need & wants of the Library users. Over 60 percent of the budget is used for acquisition of monographs, 10 to 40 percent for the subscription of printed journals, and on job refresher course & managerial skills of library staff is not improved the authorities and libraries schools are suggested to provide the required skills to minus deficiency. Roselle, A. (2008) examined the community college Library in United State of America (USA), the study was based on semi structured telephonic interview of twentyseven librarians form United State. The study reflect that community library play a vital role in developmental education by arranging seminars, workshops, to reduce the library anxiety and build confidence of students. Ly, P. (2015) studied the early career leadership in the libraries, the study exposed that leadership and administrative skills are the basis of librarianship, he says that academic libraries are much traditional, but the job advertised are required seven to ten years experience in librarianship, Additionally, a candidate is typically expected to have supervisory and other administrative experience for these positions. Oberg, L. R. (1998) analysis the Liberal Arts Undergraduate college libraries and the chances to college librarian because they have a tiny community of scholars and students in a specific filed /Subject. Bell, C. J. (2003) studied the variety of community college Libraries-museum connection in Florida, his study explains the historical and philosophical connection between College libraries and museums. He discussed recent development of Library- Museum collaboration in the Florida for which he suggests strategic planning on national and international level. Austenfeld, A. M. (2009) carried a survey of Academic Libraries to study and suggest for the building of College Libraries collection to support the curriculum growth, about 10, 000 students and faculty member are facilitating by the academic libraries, with the change or update of curriculum the college libraries have to growth by providing the reference and text book of new or latest curriculum. The proper planning, professional, sufficient budget allocation and interest of high authorities/ management will make it easy to run parallel system with curriculum. Heu, N. A., & Nelson, W. N. (2009) studied the joiner college libraries using the standers of Higher education known as ACRL (Association of college and research Libraries) under title A Library Compliance Strategy for Regional Accreditation Standards: Using ACRL Higher Education Standards with Community and Junior Colleges in the Western Association of Schools and Colleges that study revealed that The standards of the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges provide accreditation guidance for two-year libraries in their jurisdiction. These standards are the basis for a successful evaluation of the libraries. However, the ACRL Standards for Libraries in Higher Education and the 37

39 associated workbook provide significant guidance and assistance in crafting a successful assessment. Davis, H. M. (2000) examined college library services for distance student with reference to issues faced by the distance learner and solutions through Rio Salado College Modal. In the United States (US) about 85 % Community colleges are offer some types of Distance (Off-campus) Education by using (ICT) Information Communication Technology. The study shows that the Library Services should be extend to distance user of the college to facilitate them like regular students has access to library services. Vara Lakshmi, R. S. R. (2003) measured college libraries performance by evaluating it with standers. The study concludes that there is no proper stander for the performance evaluation of college libraries in India. University Grant Commission (UGC) is suggested to develop National standers like ACRL for colleges. Navarro, L. A. (2007) analyzed the college libraries to verify whether they are successful to satisfy their user at their respective colleges. The concept of learning-college and reforms at their colleges, based on Terry O Banion s concept of the learning-college were adopted for comparison. The study clarified the process and struggles that libraries must undergo to focus their services directly on student-learning. Chuang, C. F., & Cheng, C. J. (2010) studied the institutional repository service quality and users loyalty to college libraries in Taiwan and its mediating & moderating effects. They say that revolution of IT (Information technologies) has produced changes in learning, creating ubiquitous learning. This paper presents a case study on institutional repository service quality and users' loyalty to College Libraries in Taiwan. They Suggest that it will be the key factor that the function and transmission pattern of entering to use institutional repository by which the users will be fell easy to use the Institutional Repository Service at there s home. Yusuf, F. O., & James-Iwu, J. (2010) studied the Use of academic library at Nigeria, they stated that some reasonable number of students are satisfied with available recourse in the academic libraries, more than fifty percent students are visit library daily, about seven percent are not visit to library and majority of students are satisfied with stander of books in the library. Clabo, C. A. (2002) analyzed library use and practices of high school students in three east Tennessee counties, the study revealed that limited user are visit the high school libaray and majority of students are not visit library, majority of students visited to the library to read subjects books and a no of students came to library for read general books and limited numbers of student visited the library to read newspaper. 38 Gunasekera, C. (2010) stated that a reasonable number of students visited the library to read reference books and some visited to read general books and a limited numbers of students came to library to read other library materials and respondents are satisfied with services of library.

40 PLAJ-2014 Scope The study is limited to collect responses from the girl s students of Bachelor (BA/Bsc) level only. There are total twenty government colleges for girls in the province. Out of 20, only three Girls colleges from district Peshawar were selected for the survey as listed below; 1. Government Frontier College for Women (GFCW), Peshawar 2. Government Bacha Khan College for Girls (GBKCG), Peshawar 3. Government Girls Degree College (GGDC), Kohat Road, Peshawar Research Methodology The survey method was adopted for data collection by using a self-administered questionnaire. The targeted population was the Bachelor level Girls students of selected government degree colleges. In order to achieve the objective of the study, a random sample of thirty female students from each government girls degree colleges of district Peshawar was collected. Total 90 responses recorded which were representing each college with (33.33 %) out of ninety. In the light of objectives, the data were filtered and entered to Microsoft Excel Sheet for rectification of errors and accuracy. Data was tabulated as per data-item, analysis of the data was made in order to arrive at the finding of the study, frequency and percentage was recorded in the analysis section. Data Analysis The response of Government Girls Degree Colleges of District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was finally tabulated for analysis in Table 1: Table 1: How often do you visit the library? Items Frequency Percentage Everyday Twice a week Very rarely Never visit Total Analysis of Table 1 shows that majority of students visited library daily while 20 % students visited twice a week, it is noteworthy that % students never visited the library. Another study conducted by Yusuf, F. O. and James-Iwu, J. (2010) revealed that reasonable number of students visited to library on daily basis and very rarely students never visit. Table 2 : How much time on average do you spend in the library? Items Frequency Percentage Few minutes minutes hours hours

41 Total Table 2 revealed that the more than fifty percent students spent less time in the college library, about 29 % students spent 30 minutes while minimum students spent hours in the library. Table 3: Purpose for visiting library. Items Frequency Percentage To Read books on subject To Read general books To Read newspaper Total The Table no 3 explained the purpose of student visits to their college libraries, 51.11% students read books of on subjects, while % are visit the library for reading general books. Clabo, C. A. (2002) stated that majority of students visited to the library to read books on their subjects, average students came to read general books and limited numbers of student visited the library to read newspaper and magazine. Table 4 : Are student Satisfy with the availability number of books? Response Frequency Percentage Yes No Total The analysis of Table 4 shows that % students are satisfied with the availability number of books and minimum students are not satisfied. According to the study of Yusuf, F. O. and James-Iwu, J. (2010) the reasonable number of student satisfied with the availability of number of books and no one is dissatisfied with the available number of books. 40 Table 5 : Are you satisfied with the standard of books in your college library? Response Frequency Percentage Yes No Total Analysis of Table 5 explored that majority (65.56 %) students are satisfy with The standard of books in college library and reasonable number (34.44 %) students are not satisfy with the standard of books in the girls college libraries. Felicia O. Yusuf and James-Iwu, J. (2010) says majority of the Respondents /students satisfied with the standard of books in library and limited number of students is not satisfied. Table 6 : Are the books and allied material subject wise arranged?

42 PLAJ-2014 Response Frequency Percentage Yes No Total The know about the arrangement of books in the government girls college Libraries a question were ask form the respondents, table VI shows that majority of students says the books are arranged according to subject while minimum are record that the books are not arranged subject wise. Table 7 : Do the Librarian select books according to the Age, Ability and Interest of students? Response Frequency Percentage Yes No Total Table 7 shows the student response about the selection of books according to the age, ability and interest of students that reveled percent students are own it; the books selected for their college library are according to age, ability and interest while some students opposed the statement. Table 8 : Are the Computer/Internet facility available in the Library? Response Frequency Percentage Yes No Total The Table 8 examined that computer and internet facilities at college libraries for girls in district Peshawar, the response given by the students reveled that there is a dire need of ICT (information and communication Technology) in the library of selective three colleges. SU, Jan (2014) says that Teacher rate the internet as average and good number reported high rating of internet services for academic pursuit. Table 9 : Is library providing favorable learning environment? Response Frequency Percentage Yes No Total The analysis of table 9 shows that 73.33% librarian providing favorable learning environment while % respond says that librarian do not provide favorable learning environment in the government girls colleges of Peshawar. 41

43 Findings On the basis of analysis, it is declared that eighteen percent college students have not visit their college Libraries, the majority of students spent daily average time in the library, about half students read books of study on subjects in their college, maximum students are satisfied with the available number of books while rest are dissatisfied. Most of college libraries displayed their library rules and regulations in the premises of the library while some libraries have no rules displayed in the library, all libraries arranged books according to subject and providing favorable learning/reading environment. The books are selected by the librarians as per requirement of students age, abilities and interest, modern technology. The emerging trends are adopted by minimum libraries of Government Girls College of Peshawar. Conclusion & Suggestion It is concluded that Government Degree College for girls is proving the services in their capacity, the student is satisfied from library reading faculties but they demand latest collection and materials other than course/subjects matters. Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is dismal in the degree college libraries for girls in Peshawar. It is suggested that the subject of Library and Information Sciences should be introduced at college level and appoint the librarian as Lecture which will eliminate the gap between students and library, the librarian needs to implement the marketing of Libraries in colleges like Library orientation class for each new batch, best reader award in the final result, library week and world Book and Copyright day seminars in library to promote and increase the readership rate of college libraries. The Directorate of Education, KP, the federal government and National & International Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) are insisted on providing financial support to colleges for facilitating the young generation particularly girls education in the Peshawar region. References Adekanmbi, A. R., & Boadi, B. Y. (2008). Budgeting for library resources in colleges of education: Some findings from Botswana. Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services, 32(2), Austenfeld, A. M. (2009). Building the college library collection to support curriculum growth. Collection Management, 34(3), Bell, C. J. (2003). Library-museum connections in community colleges: innovations for lifelong learning. Community & Junior College Libraries, 11(4), Bureau of Statists published by Government Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 2014 available at (accessed on 22/12/2015)

44 PLAJ-2014 Chuang, C. F., & Cheng, C. J. (2010). A Study of Institutional Repository Service Quality and Users Loyalty to College Libraries in Taiwan: The Mediating & Moderating Effects. Journal of Convergence Information Technology, 5(8), Davis, H. M. (2000). Distance learning students and library services: Issues, solutions and the rio salado college model. Community & Junior College Libraries, 9(2), Heu, N. A., & Nelson, W. N. (2009). A Library Compliance Strategy for Regional Accreditation Standards: Using ACRL Higher Education Standards with Community and Junior Colleges in the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. College & Undergraduate Libraries, 16(4), Ly, P. (2015). Young and in Charge: Early-Career Community College Library Leadership. Journal of Library Administration, 55(1), Navarro, L. A. (2007). The Learning-College Library Concept: The Role of the Community College Library in a Learning-College Environment. Community & Junior College Libraries, 13(4), Oberg, L. R. (1998). Why I Chose to Work in a College Library: A Subversive Account. College & Undergraduate Libraries, 5(1), Olanlokun, S. O. (1993). Understanding the library: A handbook on library use. University Lagos Press. Roselle, A. (2008). Community College Library Practices in Developmental Education. Journal of Developmental Education, 32(2), 24. SU, Jan, Hussain, A, and Ibrahim, M. (2015). College Library System in Pakistan: A Survey of Government College Libraries of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. College & Research Libraries, 72(3), 239. Taylor, D., & Procter, M. (2008). The literature review: a few tips on conducting it. Writing Support, University of Toronto. Available at Retrieved on 5 th January 2016 Vara Lakshmi, R. S. R. (2003). Measurement of college library performance: An evaluative study with standards. The International Information & Library Review, 35(1), Yusuf, F. O., & James-Iwu, J. (2010). Use of academic library: a case study of Covenant University, Nigeria. Chinese Librarianship: an International Electronic Journal, Clabo, C. A. (2002). A Study of the Library Use Practices of High School Students in Three East Tennessee Counties. 43

45 Gunasekera, C. (2010). Students usage of an academic library: A user survey conducted at the Main Library University of Peradeniya. Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka, 14(1),

46 Bibliometric Study of International Journal of Library & Information Science. Mohammad Anwar DLIS, University of Balochistan Aziz-ur-Rehman Institute of Chemical Studies, University of Peshawar Dr. Haroon Idrees Assistant Professor, DLIS, University of Sargodha PLAJ-2014 Abstract Bibliometrics is the quantitative study of behavior, characteristics and productivity of written communication. The prime objective of this study is to examine research productivity of an international journal of library & information science (IJLIS). This study focused on papers published, from 2009 to The analysis covers country s wise contributions, author s collaborations, lengths of papers and individual author s contribution. Introduction Bibliometric studies have prime importance in each and every field of study to investigate various aspects of researchers with respect to its impact factors, to rank institutional authors and geographic location. Bibliometric analysis is the study of measurements of any text or other medias of communication and can find out various factors of any field of study (Sauvageau, 2009). The term bibliometric was coined by Allan Prichard in Swapan (2006) described various terms associated with bibliometric i.e. scientometrics, and infometrics. There are three laws of bibliometric i.e. Bradford s law, Lotka s law and Zifp s law. Kan (2011) exposed that bibliometric is the study of statistical and other forms of quantitative analysis. Bibliometrics study is employed to any field of study to measure its development in different angles. Number of bibliometric studies has been conducted in various fields for printed materials and online journals. Current study measure International Journal of Library and Information Science (IJLIS) and covers the articles published from 2009 to IJLIS publish on monthly basis and covers all areas of LIS. The IJLIS is open access journal and gives access to abstract and full text freely. IJLIS is publishing from 2009 onwards regularly and accessible online via ( Objectives of the study 1. To find out the number of articles published in IJLIS from 2009 to To identify the geographic location of the published articles. 45

47 3. To explore the author collaboration pattern. 4. To investigate the authors rank. 5. To identify the length of papers, citation styles, and collaboration patterns in IJLIS. Research Methodology This study covers the issues of the online Journal, international journal of library & information science, from 2009 to, Papers published in the journal, during the stated period have been collected and analyzed with the help of Ms Office to achieve the objectives of the study. Literature Review There are numerous bibliometric studies conducted worldwide on different subject areas. We have attempted to review all the possible instances of bibliometric studies focusing the literature of library and information science and surrounding disciplines. Waraich & Ahmed (2011) conducted a bibliometric study on Pakistan journal of library and information science, issued from the department of library and information science university of Punjab. The study covers 111 articles published in 11 issues during the period of 1995 to The researchers studied the authorship patterns, where majority 79 (89.11%) of the papers were written by individual author. In case of institutional collaboration, Punjab University collaborated more than fifty percent. The study recognized geographic affiliation, where Pakistan contributed 93(72.09%). Majority 59 (53.15 %) of the papers were research papers and were written in English language. Sixteen (14.41%) articles were published in year 1997 in respect of year wise publication. Bakri and Willett (2008) investigated Malaysian journal of library & information science : a bibliometric study. The study depicted that year wise published article were 85 in numbers and reference per articles were 20 in numbers. In author s contribution, Zainab contributed 14 papers from Malaysia. Malaysian authors published 45 articles in the stated period, shows geographical contribution. Doraswamy & Janakiramaiah (2013) discussed information use patterns of library and information science professionals, as bibliometric study of conference proceeding from 2001 to The study finds out distribution of articles by conference in eight years. Majority 54 of articles were published in Average numbers of contribution were 300 (37.5%). Majority 585 of the citations founded in In authorship patterns, majority 158 (52.67%) of authors have contributed individually. In country wise contribution India has contributed 57(19%) papers in eight years. The study founded university news were17 (2.48%) times cited in eight years. 46 Thavanamani, (2013) discussed the directory of open access journals: a bibliometric study of library and information science. The researcher identifies subject wise distribution of library related journals, shows that 119 (78.808%) journals related to library and information science subject out of 151. Majority of the papers were published in English language. In case of year wise publication, in 2005 and papers were published.

48 PLAJ-2014 Findings and discussion The data were collected from the website of online journal of IJLIS, and were analyzed mathematically with the help of computer. These findings will be helpful to measure collected data to boost up the significant of the bibliometric in LIS and is to discover the different contribution and affiliations of authors and geographic locations. Year wise contribution Total 154 numbers of papers were published in six years of period, in international journal of library and information science. The maximum 62(40.25%) numbers of papers were published in 2013, while minimum 10(6.49%) number of articles were published in the year of Frequency of publication of papers from 2009 to 2014 has been shown in table1 and figure 1. Table 1: Year wise publication S. No Year Articles Percentage Total Figure.1: Year wise publication articles % Author s collaborations The data in Table 2 shows, that author s collaboration in their respective subjects areas has been decreased with the passage of time. Two authors shows dominancy with 47

49 69(44.8%) in total numbers of papers. The maximum 21(13.63%) number of papers were contributed by three authors. In the current study it s seem that 60 (38.96%) papers were wrote individually by single author. Four authored papers were the least i.e. 03(1.94%) in the study. Majority of the papers has been written by two authors in the stated period of time. Table 2: Author s collaboration Authors total percentage one two three four more Paper lengths Majority 103(66.88%) of the papers length were 6-10 pages, followed by 30 (19.48%) articles, which has 1-5 pages of length. The 18(11.68%) paper s length was pages. Longer papers with a length of more than 21 pages were only 03(1.94%) in number as shown in Table 3. Table 3: Length of papers Papers total % More Countries Rank The data in Table 4 revealed that which country has contributed mostly in the field of library and information science, during the years of 2009 to Results declare that India has contributed most papers, i.e. 74(48.05%), followed by Nigeria and Bangladesh. Pakistan and Kenya having 03 papers with ranked 4 th placed. USA, UAE, Iran, Brazil, Qatar, Sudan, and Namibia have one paper each having ranked 5 th place. 48 Table 4: Country Wise Contribution S.No Countries Papers Rank Percentages 1 India Nigeria Bangladesh Pakistan Kenya

50 6 Malaysia Iran Brazil Qatar Sudan USA UAE Namibia not know Total PLAJ-2014 Figure 4: Country wise contribution article s rank % 10 0 Author s Rank Author ranks on the basis of number of their papers published during the period of study have been determined and shown in table 5. The basic qualifying criteria set for the choice of most prolific authors in this table was set as publishing at least one paper in this international journal of library and information science period covered from 2009 to On the basis of the findings, the first positions have been occupied by an Indian author was Krishna Kumar with 6 papers. The second position hold by Ranghundha Reddy, Santosh kumartunga, Sunitapamnani, suniltyagi from India, and Ngozi blessing ossai from Nigeria having 03 papers each respectively. Top twenty seven ranked authors have been displayed in table.5. Table 5: Author s Rank S.No Author s name Country papers Rank 1 Surabhmanglik India Suresh K.Kargra India