GRADES 3 8 Ed Fair Scope and Sequence

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1 GRADES 3 8 Ed Fair Scope and Sequence Dear Parents, As many of you know, we celebrate your child's talents with an educational fair in the spring. An important part of this learning experience is a report or research paper. Enclosed is a clear and concise guideline package for you, the parent. Terms and methods once used in the writing of a research paper have changed over the years. This packet will introduce you to these changes. It will provide you with an understanding of the process your child is being taught here at school. Therefore, both you and your child will be on the "same page" when communicating about the paper at home. In addition, this is a tool to help you understand what is expected of your child at the different grade levels. The page entitled Guidelines will enable you to see the evolution of the types of skills and expectations placed on your child as he/she progresses from grades 3 to 8. We hope this is helpful to you, as your child will begin his/her report or research paper soon. Please encourage your child to do his/her best work. Depending on your child's grade level, he/she may do most of the paper in school. However, whether in school, or on their own, you can continue to support them throughout this process. Thank you for all your support. Sincerely yours, Holy Family - Holy Name School Faculty revised

2 TERMS BIBLIOGRAPHY - a list of works used in researching a topic for the research paper The bibliography is the last page of the research paper. The word BIBLIOGRAPHY appears centered on the top of the page. DOCUMENTATION - citing sources used in writing the research paper FONT - the type of print It is recommended that a standard serif font, such as TIMES ROMAN, be used. (font size12) MARGIN - the border or space found between the printed words and the edge of the paper There should be a one (1) inch border on the top, bottom and sides of the page. The margin function is usually found in FILE or FORMAT under PARAGRAPH in most word processing programs. OUTLINE - the sketch or summary of the main points of the paper The outline should appear after the title page of the research paper. TOPIC OUTLINE - uses key words and phrases to convey ideas SENTENCE OUTLINE - uses complete sentences PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION - citing or giving credit to a source by placing the author's last name and the specific page number(s) where the material is located in parenthesis Parenthetical citations are found immediately following direct quotes, or used otherwise at the end of a sentence, but before the punctuation mark. PLAGIARISM unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one s own original work. This is a serious offense because it is literary theft, using someone else's words or ideas as your own. TITLE PAGE - the first page of a research paper which includes the title, the name of the author, course, and the date submitted. The title should be BOLD, and centered on the page. Personal information should appear on the bottom right of the page. The order of the personal information is AUTHOR (your name), COURSE, DATE SUBMITTED. WORKS CITED PAGE - full bibliographic information for every source cited in the body of the paper The works cited page is the last page of the research paper. The words WORKS CITED appear centered at the top of the page.

3 MAKING NOTE CARDS RECORDING INFORMATION You will need an organized method to record the information you find as you research your topic. Writing notes on index cards is one of the best methods. Note cards are convenient to use. You can write on them, carry them around, and shuffle and reorganize them. They're just the right size to record direct quotes and summarize what you've read. When you use note cards, you're less likely to end up trying to write your paper while surrounded by confusing stacks of papers, books, and magazines! You've already skimmed your research materials to decide on your subtopics. Now you'll need to reread each source more closely and take notes. Here are some steps to follow when making your note cards. Decide which of your subtopics the information is related to. Write the subtopic in the left corner of the note card. Write your note cards in your own words. This is called PARAPHRASING. If you copy something directly from your source, you must put quotation marks around those sentences. Record the source of this information at the bottom of the note card. Make sure you're accurate - you'll need this information when you write your WORKS CITED page and for parenthetical citations. CAUTION: PLAGIARISM If you write down someone else's words or ideas as if they are your own, you are guilty of PLAGIARISM. In fact, it's something you must never do. You are taking credit for another person's thoughts or for something that someone else has written. Sometimes, however, a direct quote will enhance your report. When that is the case, be sure to quote it exactly and mark it with quotation marks.

4 SAMPLE NOTE CARDS Penelope Pina Gr. 8 Lemelson, The Quiet Genius Source Card 1. About Jerome Lemelson." Lemelson National Program at Hampshire College. 25 May Web. < hamp.hampshire.edu/~jtsf93/lemelson/other/ Jerome.html>. Source Card Sources are listed as 1, 2, 3, etc. 2. Maloney, Lawrence D. "Lone Wolf of the Sierras." Design News. 6 March 1995: Web. 3. Thomas, Robert McG., Jr. "Jerome H. Lemelson, inventor, dies at 74." Obituary. New York Times. 12 Aug. 1997, natl. ed.: A11. Print. Lemelson, the inventor - began career inventing toys, like Velcro dart games, crying baby dolls - turned to higher technology Note Card Notes and quotes credited to source 1 as listed on source card above. - list of inventions on page 72 and 73 (see photocopies of these pages) Source: 1 Lemelson's patents "... when the last of his patent applications are finally granted, Lemelson will be second only to Thomas Alva Edison as the nation's most prolific inventor." Source: 2 This note card records a direct quotation. It can be quoted directly, or it can be paraphrased when the paper is written. It is credited to source 2 as listed on source card above. If the source is a book, include the page number after the source number.

5 STRUCTURING THE REPORT INTRODUCTION BODY CONCLUSION After you have completed your research, use your note cards to help you structure your research report. Sort your note cards so that all the information on each main topic is together. Then determine the order in which you will present the information. Your report will have three main parts: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. The INTRODUCTION tells the main idea you will develop. The introduction may also state the purpose - to persuade or to inform, for example. The introduction should be at least one paragraph. Depending on the grade level, it may include a thesis statement. The following paragraph is an introduction to a report on the major achievements of the Ch'in dynasty. Perhaps in no other era of ancient history did so many achievements occur so closely together as in the Ch'in dynasty ( B.C.). Among these achievements are the completion of the Great Wall, the building of a great transportation system on land and water, and remarkable advances in agriculture in a country having little cropland. These achievements have had a permanent influence on Chinese civilization. The BODY of the report develops thoroughly each main topic of your subject in at least one paragraph. Each paragraph has a topic sentence that is developed with supporting sentences, using details from your note cards. To end your report, you need a concluding paragraph. The CONCLUSION restates or summarizes your main points in a different way. SOME REMINDERS Think about your audience as you write. Use words and phrases that will communicate information to your audience most effectively. Write good paragraphs. A good paragraph is composed of three parts: a topic sentence, a body, and a conclusion. The TOPIC SENTENCE tells the reader what the paragraph is about. It generally is the first sentence of the paragraph, but it doesn't have to be. The sentences that compose the BODY of the paragraph provide details, give examples, and support the topic sentence. Paragraphs generally end with a CONCLUDING SENTENCE that summarizes the paragraph. Remember to use good TRANSITIONAL WORDS to move from one idea to the next.

6 SAMPLE TOPIC OUTLINE I. First voyage of the Titanic Outline II. Sinking of the Titanic A. Collision with iceberg B. Flooding of ship C. Loading of lifeboats III. Discovery of Titanic's location A. Long search for location B. Discovery by Robert Ballard IV. Exploration of the Titanic A. Role of the undersea robot Jason, Jr. 1. descent into ship's interior 2. photographs from ship's interior B. Knowledge gained about Titanic C. Test of undersea robots 1. exploring ocean depths 2. rescuing lost submarines V. Future of Titanic A. Efforts to raise Titanic B. Leaving Titanic in ocean

7 PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS CITING YOUR SOURCES Most of the information that you will include in your report comes from research. Writers are required to document each source as it is used in a research paper. This is done by making use of PARENTHETICAL CITATION. A parenthetical citation briefly documents each source at the point where it appears in the paper and contains the author's last name and the page(s) where the citation was taken. A WORKS CITED list appears at the end of the paper which gives the full bibliographical information for each of the sources cited. EXAMPLES OF PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS The following sample contains examples of parenthetical author-page citations. Scientists have learned much from this first exploration of the Titanic. The original explanation for the sinking of the ship was that the iceberg had struck along its hull; now scientists believe that the ship's plates simply buckled in, causing the chip to break up as it sank (Murphy 48). Other scientists plan to visit the Titanic soon to explore the ship's interior with wide-ranging robots. In addition, the expeditions have served as tests for undersea robots. Scientists believe that such devices will enable them to explore the ocean's depths and perhaps even perform such tasks as rescuing lost submarines. The future of the Titanic is uncertain. For decades, plans for raising the wreck age of the great ship have been proposed, and some scientists are now trying to raise money for the project. Other scientists, while continuing to explore the Titanic, wish to see it remain at the bottom of the ocean. Members of the Explorer Club of New York plan to place a brass plaque on the deck of the sunken ship, reading, "Any who comes hereafter leave undisturbed this ship as a memorial to deep water exploration" (Sullivan and Smith 6). But perhaps the most personal reflection of what should happen to the wreck of the Titanic was offered by a woman who, at the age of twelve, was a survivor of the disaster. Joy Murphy interviewed this survivor, Mrs. Blanchard, who said, "It's the graveyard of 1,500 people. I believe they should rest in peace (67). The AUTHOR'S LAST NAME and the PAGE NUMBER are inserted in parentheses. Note the period ending the sentence comes after the closing parenthesis. When a work has multiple authors, list all of the AUTHOR'S LAST NAMES and the PAGE NUMBER. Note the period ending the sentence comes after the closing parenthesis. When the author's name is mentioned in the text, insert only the PAGE NUMBER. Note the period ending the sentence comes after the closing parenthesis.

8 CITING YOUR SOURCES PARENTHETICAL AUTHOR-PAGE CITATION SAMPLES BOOK - SINGLE AUTHOR Insert the last name of the author and page number(s) in parentheses. This concept has been reported earlier (Jones 26-27). If the author's name appears in the text, insert only the page number(s) in parentheses. Jones reported this concept (26-27). BOOK - MULTIPLE AUTHORS Insert the last name(s) of all the author(s) and page number(s) in parentheses. An opposing idea has been explored (Brown, Smith, and Rogers 137). If the authors' names appear in the text, insert only the page number(s) in parentheses. Brown, Smith, and Rogers explored an opposing idea (137). MULTIPLE WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR(S) If two or more works by the same author(s) will be cited, insert author(s) name(s) followed by a comma, the title, if short, or a short version, and the page number(s) in parentheses. "The bills of birds are always growing, but they get a lot of wear which keeps them at the right length" (Rogers, Birds 171). If the author(s) name(s) and the title appear in the text, insert only the page number(s) in parentheses. In Birds, Rogers explains that "the bills of birds are always growing, but they get a lot of wear which keeps them at the right length" (171). MULTI-VOLUME WORK Insert the author's name and volume number followed by a colon, space and page number(s) in the parentheses. "The Pueblo Indians built their homes in the sides of cliffs" (Smith 2: 167). If the author's name and volume appear in the text, insert only the page number(s) in parentheses. In volume 2, Smith states that "the Pueblo Indians built their homes in the sides of cliffs" (167).

9 CITING YOUR SOURCES PARENTHETICAL AUTHOR-PAGE CITATION SAMPLES MAGAZINE Insert the last name(s) of the author(s) and page number(s) in parentheses. "Good table manners are not hard to master" (Cohen 35). If the author's name appears in the text, insert only the page number(s) in parentheses. The New Yorker reprinted a story by Cohen who states, "Good table manners are not hard to master" (35). ONLINE SOURCE If no page numbers are given, omit the page number(s) and insert the last name of the author(s) in parentheses. "Roman families were divided into two groups" (Wheelock). If the work is unsigned and no page numbers are given, omit the page number(s) and insert the title of the whole unsigned work in parentheses. "The Romans built fine paved roads across their empire" ("On the Road").

10 GUIDELINES WORKS CITED PAGE Center the title "Works Cited" one inch from the top of the page. Do not use quotation marks, underscore, or italics. Use initial uppercase letters Double-space the entire page Begin the first entry one double space below the title. Begin all entries at the left margin, but subsequent lines are indented five spaces. Enter all sources in alphabetical order by the first word on your bibliography card: author's last name or title of article. If a title begins with A, An, or The, alphabetize by the next word. Be sure every parenthetical citation included in your text has a corresponding entry on the Works Cited page. Samples shown below are single spaced to save space. PRINT SOURCE SAMPLES BOOK - ONE AUTHOR Smith, Herbert S. The French Revolution. New York: Harper, Print. BOOK - MULTIPLE AUTHORS Raffer, James D., Richard Jones, and Jane Doe. The Irish Revolution. New York: Harper, Print. BOOK - EDITED Melville, Herman. Moby Dick. Ed. J.P. Small. Boston: Houghton, Print. MULTIVOLUME WORK - CITING ONE VOLUME ONLY Smith, Richard K. A History of Religion in the United States. Vol. 3. Chicago: U of Chicago, Print. POEMS, ESSAYS, SHORT STORIES, PLAYS IN ANTHOLOGIES Poe, Edgar Allan. "The Raven." Great American Poetry. Ed. Richard Johns. New York: McGraw, Print. ARTICLE IN REFERENCE BOOK - UNSIGNED "DNA." Encyclopedia Americana ed. Print. ARTICLE IN REFERENCE BOOK - SIGNED Smith, Richard. "Color and Light." Encyclopedia Americana ed. Print. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE - SIGNED May, Clifford. "Religious Frictions." New York Times 12 Aug. 1994, late ed.: A1. Print.

11 WORKS CITED PAGE PRINT SOURCE SAMPLES MAGAZINE ARTICLE - UNSIGNED "Making of a Candidate for President." Time 20 Jul. 1984: Print. MAGAZINE ARTICLE - SIGNED Kuhn, Ruth. "A New Stock Play in Saving and Loans." Fortune 15 May 1995: Print. ONLINE SOURCE SAMPLES ONLINE SOURCES - PROFESSIONAL OR PERSONAL SITE Name of Site Creator (if given). Site Title (if there is one or the words Home Page not underlined. Institution or Organization (if associated with site). Access Date Electronic Address. Grash, Charles H. Charted Institute of Marketing Page. Web. 22 Jan < ONLINE SOURCES - BOOK Author (if given). or Editor or Translator with appropriate abbreviation (ed., trans.), Title. Editor or Compiler or Translator (if relevant). Print Publication Information (if relevant). Access Date Electronic Address. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: Harper Brothers, Web. 15 Jan < ONLINE SOURCES - ALL PERIODICALS Author (if given). "Title." Periodical Name. Volume and or Issue Number (if given) Publication Date. Number of Pages or Paragraphs (if numbered). Access Date Electronic Address. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE Bradley, Ann. "Distance Learning." Education Week on the Web. 26 Mar Web. 4 Apr < MAGAZINE ARTICLE Green, Joseph. "Educating Consumers." Time. 26 Mar Web. 4 Apr <

12 WHAT IS A BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY A research report may end with a BIBLIOGRAPHY, a list of all the sources of information that you used in preparing the report. A bibliography is important because it lets the reader know how many sources you have used and how up-to-date the information is. As you prepare your report, write an index card for each source showing the bibliographic information described below. The sample bibliography entries show the forms for an encyclopedia article, a newspaper article, a book, and a magazine article. Notice that they are alphabetized according to the authors' last names (or the names of the article when there are no authors). SAMPLE BIBLIOGRAPHY Encyclopedia Article Newspaper Article Book Magazine Article "China." The World Book Encyclopedia ed. Print. "China Exhibit Captivates Crowds at the World's Fair." New York Times. 5 May 1982: A20. Print. Cotterell, Arthur. The First Emperor of China: The Greatest Archaeological Find of Our Time. New York: Holt, Print. Diggs, J.F. "China Unearths a 2200-Year-Old Tourist Lure." U.S. News and World Report. 11 Jan. 1982: Print.

13 Works Cited Baron Alvin. Bud's Easy Research Paper Computer Manual. New York: Lawrence House, Print. Graham, Leland and Darriel Ledbetter. How to Write a Great Research Paper. Nashville: Incentive Publications, Inc., Print. Owl Purdue Online Writing Lab. The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University, Web. 13 Oct < Sorenson, Sharon. A Quick Reference to the Research Paper. New York: Amsco School Publications, Inc., Print. Warriner, John. English Composition and Grammar. Chicago: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Print.

14 GUIDELINES Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7-8 NUMBER OF PAGES MINIMUM NUMBER OF SOURCES TYPE OF SOURCES NOTE CARDS ANY done in class; 10 maximum 2 ANY done at home; 15 minimum 20 maximum 2 DIFFERENT TYPES done at home; minimum 10 2 DIFFERENT TYPES done at home; minimum 10 Grade 7 : 4 sources Grade 8 : 4 sources Grade 7 : 2 Different Types Grade 8 : 3 Different Types Gr 7: minimum 10 cards; done at home Gr 8: optional; receive extra credit BIBLIOGRAPHY YES YES YES YES YES WORKS CITED PAGE NO NO NO NO YES PARENTHETICAL CITATION NO NO NO NO YES OUTLINE PAGE NO NO NO YES YES THESIS STATEMENT NO NO NO NO YES STANDARDS FOR ALL GRADES TITLE PAGE (no pictures) ONE INCH MARGINS 12 POINT TYPE DOUBLE SPACED PAGE NUMBERS I. INTRODUCTION - Clearly introduces topic - Catches reader s interest and attention THE WRITTEN PAPER MUST CONTAIN THREE PARTS II. BODY - Develops topic III. CONCLUSION - Summarizes highlights of paper - Summarizes what was learned

15 MARGINS There should be a 1 inch margin on the top, bottom and sides of all pages PAGE SETUP / GRADES 3 and 4 1/2 INCH MARGIN TITLE PAGE BODY BIBLIOGRAPHY The Pueblo Indians Jane Smith Grade 4 February 12, 2009 Smith 1 1 INCH MARGIN Smith 3 Bibliography Title is bold and centered on page Important words of the title are capitalized Your name, your grade, and the date appears on the bottom left side of the page. Leave a 1 inch margin on the side and bottom. The page number and your last appear on the right side of the page. This is placed ½ inch from the top of the page and 1 inch from the right side of the page. The type should be a standard serif font, such as TIMES or TIMES ROMAN The type size should be 12 point and double spaced The word Bibliography appears centered 1 inch from the top of the last page. Do not use quotation marks, underscore, or italics. Capitalize the first letter. See sample above. Double space the entire page Begin the first entry one double space below the title.

16 MARGINS There should be a 1 inch margin on the top, bottom and sides of all pages. Refer to BODY illustration. PAGE SETUP / GRADES INCH MARGIN ½ INCH MARGIN TITLE PAGE OUTLINE BODY WORKS CITED The Pueblo Indians Jane Smith Grade 7 March 12, 2011 Smith 1 Outline I. II. III. A. B. C. IV. A B V. Smith 2 1 INCH MARGIN Works Cited Smith 7 Title is bold and centered on page Important words of the title are capitalized Your name, your grade, and the date appears on the bottom left side of the page. Leave a 1 inch margin on the side and bottom The page number and your last name appear on the right side of the page. This is placed ½ inch from the top of the page and 1 inch from the right side of the page. The word Outline appears centered 1 inch from the top of the first page. Capitalize the first letter. See sample above. Double space the entire page. Use Roman numerals for main topics, uppercase letters and Arabic numerals for subtopics. The page number and your last name appear on the right side of the page. This is placed ½ inch from the top of the page and 1 inch from the right side of the page. The type should be a standard serif font, such as TIMES or TIMES ROMAN The type size should be 12 point and double spaced The word Works Cited appears centered 1 inch from the top of the last page. Do not use quotation marks, underscore, or italics. Capitalize the first letter. See sample above. Double space the entire page Begin the first entry one double space below the title. Second line of entries is indented