ARTA Charles E. Jones - Blegen Library, Athens Matthew W. Stolper - Oriental Institute, Chicago

Transcription

1 Charles E. Jones - Blegen Library, Athens Matthew W. Stolper - Oriental Institute, Chicago Fortification Texts Sold at the Auction of the Erlenmeyer Collection * The catalogue for the auction sale of cuneiform tablets from the Erlenmeyer collection at Christie s London in 1988 lists five lots of dockets, some bearing just seal impressions and * WeareindebtedtoIrvingFinkelforinformationontheErlenmeyersaleof1988,to Ulla Kasten and the Yale Babylonian Collection for information on items in the Rosen Babylonian Collection, and to Jonathan Rosen for permission to publish them; to Mark Garrison for observations on seal impressions; to Wouter Henkelman for critical additions and corrections. Abbreviations: Fort. = unpublished Persepolis Fortification tablets now in the National Archaeological Museum, Tehran, cited from transliterations and photographs by George G. Cameron and notes by Richard T. Hallock; PF = Persepolis Fortification texts in Hallock 1969; PF-NN = unpublished Persepolis Fortification texts cited from transliterations by Hallock; PFS = Persepolis Fortification Seal, cited according to Garrison & Root Where seal identifications differ fromthose published in Hallock1969,theyreflectcollationsbyHallock,Garrison,Root,andtheauthors. 1

2 others both seals and full texts in Late Elamite cuneiform, evidently from Persepolis. We have no other record on the source or history of these objects. Lots 127 and 128 consisted of five items and four items, respectively, all tablets with cuneiform texts and seal impressions; photographs in the catalogue illustrate the inscribed obverses of two tablets from each oftheselots.lots129and130consistedof 9 itemseach, all clay tags with seal impressions only; none are illustrated in the catalogue. Lot 131 consisted of a single item with an incised Aramaic text, shown in a photograph. 1 Antiquities dealers bought these lots at the auction 2 and the items were laterdispersedbyresaletocollectorsandtootherdealers. Five of the nine tablets with cuneiform texts that can be positively identified as coming from Erlenmeyer Lots are presented here, along with four other tablets that are probablytheremainingtextsfromtheselots. 3 Generalappearance, contents, proper names and seal impressions strongly indicate that all these texts originally belonged to the Persepolis Fortificationfind,astheChristie scataloguesuggested. 4 1 Anonymous 1988:61.OneoftheElamitecuneiformtabletsisalso shownonthe coverofthecatalogue. 2 OnedealerboughtLots128and130,anotherboughtLot127andanotherLot129. WedonothaveinformationonLot Aselectionofphotographsforeachtabletisgivenhere;completesetsofimageswill be made available in the future Musée achéménide virtuel et interactif ( 4 Indeed,theymaybeenpartofanancientgroupwithintheFortificationfind,since 2

3 1-3 Stolper ex-erlenmeyer In1999, three Achaemenid Elamite tablets acquired from the antiquities trade were donated to Stolper. One of them is a text from Lot 127 of the Erlenmeyer sale illustrated in the catalogue. The other two were said to have come from the Erlenmeyercollection,perhapsfromthesamelot.. 1 MWS 1 mostofthemcanbelinkedcircumstantiallytotheadministrativevicinityoftirazzi (Achaemenid Shiraz). Other unexcavated Achaemenid Elamite administrative texts that originally belonged (certainly or probably) to the Persepolis Fortification archiveinclude:grillot1986(categoryn);vallat1994:264(categoryt)and272 (Category E). A special case is the tablet that was evidently removed from Persepolis in pre-modern times and found at Qapr-i Abu Napr, illustrated by Wilkinson 1965: pl. LXXVII fig. 24, and edited by Hallock as PF-NN 2303 (Category C6). Less probably connected with the known Fortification archive is YBC16813(CategoryR;seeJones&Stolper1986:249). 3

4 Description ErlenmeyerLot127No cm Reverseuninscribed Category:C1 Transliteration GI tar-mu«gi» 2. GI ha-da-ti-i gi- 3. umuk-gi[zik]-kak- 4. ka 4 HAL hal-sa-ik-ra? - 5. ba HAL sa-da-ba-um 6. [ HAL za]-ra-ti-ia-na LowerEdge 7. A [be-ul]28-me-[na] MWS 1 lower edge Translation 43(BAR) of hadati tarmu(grain) deposited to the account of Halsakraba(or:Sakraba),oftheZaratiya century. 28 th year. Comparanda Cf. PF , PF-NN 1174, PF-NN 1854 (all Category C1, tarmu kurrusam, Zaratiya century, seals PFS 0161*s and PFS 0451s), PF-NN 1744 (C1, tarmu kurrusam, Zaratiya century, four other seals, year 24), PF 143 (tarmu kurusam, U tana century, PFS0161*sandPFS0451s);andbelow,No.9. 5 ThesecondtabletfromtheleftintheillustrationatthetopofAnon.1988:61. 4

5 Seals Seal PFS 0161*s, reverse, left edge. Another seal reverse, perhapspfs0451s. Comments 4. Or: HAL «HAL»? PN apparently hapax. A form of the verb halsa-isinappropriate. 2 MWS 2 Description cm Loweredgeandreverse uninscribed Category:M MWS 1 left edge 5

6 Transliteration 1. 6mar-ri-i GI GE TIN ME 2. kur-mín[ HAL mar]-ri-[ia]- 3. da-da-na HAL kur-ta 4. galma-ki-ip A 5. pír-na-ku-ma? AN 6. ITI ME 2-naha 7. sa-ti-ka 4 8. PAP60kur-ta Translation 6 marri of wine, allocation of Marriyadadda, given as sat to workersconsumingrationsatpirnaku,(for)2months. Comparanda Cf. PF 1123, PF-NN 1364, PF-NN 1822 (all Category M, wine, Marriyadadda), and especially PF-NN 0389 (Category M, Marriyadadda, at Pirnakuma, wine, kurta gal makip... ha satika). Seals Seal PFS 1077 (probably identical with PFS 0034 =Garrison&Root2001, No. 73) left edge. Anothersealreverse. The impressions of PFS 0034 and PFS 1077 are visually indistinguishable. Hallock perhaps set Seal 34 (= 6

7 PFS 0034) apart from the unnumbered seal impressed on the left edge of PF 1123(later numbered as PFS 1077) on the basis ofthecontentsofthetabletsto whichthey wereapplied,but the contents are not consistently distinct. Hallock identified impressions of PFS 1077 (in his notation, N-33 ) on PF-NN 0725, 1531, 1822, and 2093 (all Category M or N, wine, Marriyadadda supplier, at Tirazzi or Karikma dan). He identified impressions of PFS 0034 on 11 tablets published in PFTand19moretabletsinthePF-NNseries;24ofthesebelong to CategoryC1;21ofthose24havePFS0034 ontheleftedge, and 17 of those 21 refer to deposits at Bakti. Nevertheless, Hallockalso identifiedpfs0034 on6textsofcategorym,and the4ofthesethatrecordissuesofwinenamemariyadaddaas agent, like the texts impressed with PFS 1077 (PF-NN 1364 [Tirazzi and(?) Karikma dan], 1471, and 1479, all with PFS 0034 on the left edge; PF-NN 1335 [halmarri, the fortress, probablytirazzi ]withpfs0034ontheupperedge). 6 Comments 5. Pirnakuma (alsopf-nn 0389:4f.) = PirnakuPF2018:34; Pirnaku PF-NN 1697:4, PF-NN 1902:5f.; Pirnakuya PF-NN 1498:3; Parnaku PF-NN1805:4;cf.Koch1990:263(Shirazdistrict) kurta 2 months ½ QA sat (see Hallock 1969: 35) = 6 marri. 6 Still other texts of category M or N that record allotments of wine and name MarriyadaddaasagentlackimpressionsofPFS0034(e.g.,PF-NN0459,0715,1201, allwithpfs0036ontheleftedge;pf-nn0115,0389). 7

8 3 MWS 3 Description cm Category:M? 8

9 Transliteration 1. 1ME25mar-ri-i GI GE TIN ME 2. [(ø)]kur-mín HAL mar-ri-ia-da-da! - 3. [(ø)]na HAL [kur]-ta galma-ki-ip 4. [(ø)] A hal-mar-ri-i -ik-ki 5. [(ø)] HAL apap? nu-i -ki-ip 6. [(ø)]a-ak SAL ab-ba-mu-i! -«na»- 7. [(ø)] ip AN ITI ME 3-na LowerEdge 8. [(ø)] [ A be-ul]17-um-me-man-na 9. [(ø)] [ AN ][ITI] ME AN ka 4 -ir-ba-[ i]- Reverse 10. [(ø)] [ia-i ]-nasa-ut[xx] 11. [(ø)] [PAP? ]6ME23 HAL kur-ta Translation 125 marri of wine, allocation of Marriyadadda, [given as] sat [to] workers consuming rations in the fortress, treasury workers and women of (the) Abbamu, for 3 months. 17 th year, 6 th month. Total:623workers. Comparanda Cf. Fort. 6662, PF-NN 0410 (both Category M, Marriyadaddasupplier,abbamu ;sameseals). 9

10 Seals Sealleftedge.Anothersealreverse.Samesealupperedge? Comments 5. Theonlyplausibleintentionhereiskapnu kip;hence HAL <ka 4 >- «ap»-ap-nu kip,orevenappakapnu kip? 10f. Expected:[apdu-][nu-ka 4 PAP] 7.,11. 3months 623kurta =1869.(Total1,250QA)/(1869)=.6688, i.e.,approximately⅔qainsteadoftheusual½qa.perhapsan error for 4 months (4 623 = 2492; 1250/2492 =.5016, i.e., closetotheappropriate½qa)? The collocation of halmarri,kapnu ki andabbamu strongly indicates that the wine was issued at Shiraz or in the district ofshiraz. 4 Schoyen ex-erlenmeyer AlegiblephotographofanotherAchaemenidElamiteadministrative tablet appeared in Anonymous1992, No.18.A photograph of the same tablet was shown to Stolper in 1991, with the information that it had come from the Erlenmeyer sale. New photographs were shown to Stolper in At that time the tablet was in the Martin Schoyen collection. It has sincebeendescribedandillustrated(obverseonly)atwww.nb. no/baser/schoyen/5/5.21/index2.html#1814 and no/baser/schoyen/5/5.21/ms1814.jpg(27/v/2006). 10

11 4 MS 1814 Description cm Category:K3 Reverseuninscribed Transliteration 1. 2mar-ri-i GI GE TIN ME 2. HAL ma-ti- ágal-ma 3. du-i -da AN ITI ME 4. AN mar-ka 4 - á-na-á -na 5. du-i -da AN be- 6. ul20-um-me-na Translation 2 marri of wine Mati a has received as rations. He has receivedit(for)the8 th month.20 th year. Comparanda Cf. PF 1902 (label, wine for Mati a); PF 0685 (beer for Mati a). Seals Seal left edge. Another seal reverse. Neither seal is PFS 0162 (= Garrison & Root 2001, No. 249), associated 11

12 with Mati a by Koch 1990: 139. The seal on the reverse resembles PFS 0853 (= Garrison & Root 2001, No. 204), impressed on the reverse of PF 0685 and PF 1487 (both with Mati aasrecipient). 5-8 Rosen ex-erlenmeyer FourAchaemenidElamitetabletsinthecollectionofJonathan Rosen were made available for study by the Yale Babylonian Collection. Two of them are the tablets from Lot 128 of the Erlenmeyersale that are illustrated in the auction catalogue.it islikelythattheothertwocomefromthesamelot. 5 R137 Description =ErlenmeyerLot128No cm Category:F 1 ThetabletonthefarleftintheillustrationatthetopAnonymous1988:61. 12

13 Transliteration 1. 3ME[ E.BAR] ME [kur-mín] 2. HAL ba-ka 4 -[ba]-ad- 3. -da-na HAL ka 4 -rák- 4. ka 4 hi- e HAL ma-ti- 5. radu- ánumun 6. ME nu-ti-i -da 7. A ku-ut-ku-i 8. HAL u-ut-te-ez-za LowerEdge 9. á-ra-man-na 10. A be-ul25-na Translation 300 (BAR) of barley, [allocation] of Bakabada, (the person) named Karakka, the matira, received and has stored as seed at Kutku, utezza being responsible. 25 th year. R137 left edge Comparanda Cf.PF0637,PF-NN1244(Category G, with Karakka, utezza, at Kutku,sameseals);PF0153(Karakkakarhuttira,atKutku, utezza); PF-NN 1780 (Bakabada supplier, at Kutku ). Same combinationofsealsalsoonpf0481,pf

14 Seals SealPFS0305reverse,upperedge.ProbablyPFS0042leftedge. Comments 3f. matira and kar huttira may be associated (hence this Karakka calledkar huttirapf 0153:4f.) but are perhapsnotsynonymous (hencethecollocationmatipakkarhuttipinpf-nn0460:5ff.). 6 R140 Description cm Category:K2 Reverseuninscribed 14

15 Transliteration 1. [x+]3 GI GE TIN ME [kur-mín] 2. HAL x-x-pu-zil- 3. la-na HAL mar-du- 4. uk-ka 4 mu- i-in HAL 5. zik-ki-ragal- 6. madu-i -da 7. AN ITI ME AN 8. ba-gi-[ia-ti]-i LowerEdge 9. AN be! -ul[x]- 10. um-me-man-na Translation [x+]3 (marri ) of wine, allocation of x-puzilla, Mardukka the accountanthasreceived.7 th month,x- th year. Comparanda Cf. PF 0780-PF 0782; PF-NN 1769 (Category P, flour receivedbymardukaandtwo boys, mu in zikki ); PF 0790 (Category K2), PF-NN 1876 (Category L2) (both grain suppliedbymarduka,pfs0143s);pf-nn2261:22-25(k2entryin ajournal,sheepformardukaand3associates,karamara be). Seals Stampseal,perhapsPFS0143s,reverse.Anothersealleftedge. 15

16 Comments 2. Perhaps HAL kur+zap- for HAL nap! -pu-zil-la (cf. kurmin HAL napzil-la-napf 0016,PF0108,PF0109,PF 0504,PF-NN 0112,PF-NN 0927,allwithPFS0154leftedge;PF-NN0927;PF-NN2315)?But sealonleftedgeisapparentlynotpfs R557 Description =ErlenmeyerLot128No cm Category:M R557 obverse 2 ThesecondtabletfromtherightintheillustrationatthetopofAnonymous1988:

17 Transliteration 1. 27mar-ri-i 3[QA] 2. KA ME kur-mín HAL ka? 4 - [x-x-na] 3. HAL kur-ta gal- (2erasures?)-lu? HAL ra- 4. á -da á-ra-man-nasa-ti? - 5. ik HAL ti-<ud>-da? hu-ut-ti- 6. ip[sa!? ]-ti-i -da AN ITI 7. ha-du-kán-nu-i AN sa- 8. kur-ri-zí-i [ AN tur]-[na]- 9. ba-zí-i AN ba-gi- 10. [ia-ti]-i AN LowerEdge 11. ha- i-ia-ti-[i ] Reverse 12. AN mi-ia-kán-na-[i ] 13. AN ITI6ha-tusa-ti-ik 14. PAP91 HAL kur-ta A be-ul um-me-man-na 17

18 Translation 48.3marri of beer,allocation of Ka-x, supplied as sat to workers (consuming) rations, for whom Ra da is responsible. The tidda? makers supplied sat. Supplied as sat during 6 months, the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th,7 th,9 th (and)12 th months. Total91workers.22 nd year. R557 upper edge Comparanda Cf.,e.g.,PF1092,PF1129,PF-NN0029,PF1944: Seals PFS0115*reverse,upperedge.Anothersealleftedge. Comments 2. Karki? Cf. PF-NN 0215 (Category M, Karki supplier, Ra da responsible,3months). 6. Parallelssuggesthasati,(ap)sati daorhupibesati da. 12. Samiyama,11 th month,isexpected kurta 6months ½QAsat=273marri. 18

19 8 R558 Description cm Category:D Transliteration 1. [ ] 2. []xxx[ ] 3. [ HAL ú-ka 4 -ma A be-iz? -zí? ]- 4. ia-ma-ti-ia 5. HAL ta - u-ípi-[da]-ka ? gal ul? [du]-i -da 7. A da? - á-x-ti AN LowerEdge 8. be-ul22-me-na 9. AN? ITISIG4 -me-man-na 19

20 Translation [ ] Ukama the Beziyamatian, together with troops, has receivedfor? 3? rations.atda a-x-ti.22 nd year.3 rd? month. Comparanda Cf. PF 0330, PF 2027, PF-NN 1159, PF-NN 1254, PF-NN 1816 (all CategoryD,Ukamata upidaka,sealpfs0284*). Seals PFS 0284* (= Garrison & Root 2001, No. 111), seal of Ukama,reverse,leftedge. Comments 3. Ukama the Beziyamatiyan: see Henkelman 2003: 133f. withn.54. R558 reverse 6. In parallels, nothing intervenes betweenidakaanddu da In parallels, A GN HAL PN HAL irma-ut-tám-me-ma, atgn,attheestateofpn, followsdu da. R558 left edge 9 ex-erlenmeyer ex-christie s Finally, another tablet from the Erlenmeyer collection is partiallylegiblefromaphotographinthesalecatalogue. 20

21 9 Erlenmeyer Lot 127 No. 2 3 Description Category:C1 Transliteration 1. 3? ME?? 80? +3 GI tar-mu 2. GI? kur-ru-sa-umgi- 3. umuk-gizik-ka 4-4. ka 4 HAL bat-ti-i? - á 5. A sa-du! -ba-um HAL 6. [za? ]-ra? -ti-ia A? be? -ul? LowerEdge 7. [x-um-ma-na? ] Translation 383(BAR)ofkurrusamtarmu(grain),depositedtotheaccount? ofbatti a,ofthezaratiya century. x- th year. Comparanda Cf.especiallyNo.1,above. CharlesE.JONES MatthewW.STOLPER ce-jones@ascsa.edu.gr m-stolper@uchicago.edu 3 ThetabletonthefarrightintheillustrationatthetopofAnonymous1988:61. 21

22 Bibliography ANONYMOUS 1988, Ancient Near Eastern Texts from the Erlenmeyer Collection, catalogueofanauctionsale13december1988,atchristie,manson&woods, London. ANONYMOUS1992,WritingandLetteringinAntiquityXV,salecatalogue,Charles Ede,Ltd.,London. GARRISON, M.B. & ROOT, M.C. 1998, Achaemenid History IX: Persepolis Seal Studies,Leiden[correctededition]. 2001, Seals on the Persepolis Fortification Tablets, vol. I: Images of Heroic Encounter(OIP117),Chicago. GRILLOT,F.1986,Unetabletteachéménideinédite,AMI19: HALLOCK,R.T.1969,PersepolisFortificationTablets(OIP92),Chicago. HENKELMAN, W.F.M.2003,An ElamiteMemorial:the umar ofcambyses and Hystaspes,in:W.HenkelmanandA.Kuhrt(eds.),AchaemenidHistoryXIII:A PersianPerspective. EssaysinMemoryofHeleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg,Leiden: JONES,C.E.&STOLPER,M.W.1986,TwoLateElamiteTabletsatYale,in:L.De Meyer, H. Gasche & F. Vallat (eds.), Fragmenta Historiae Elamicae, MélangesoffertsàM.J.Steve,Paris: KOCH,H. 1990, Verwaltung und Wirtschaft im persischen Kernland zur Zeit der Achämeniden(TAVOBeih.B89),Wiesbaden. VALLAT,F.1994,Deuxtablettesélamitesdel UniversitédeFribourg,JNES53: WILKINSON,C.K.1965,TheAchaemenianRemainsatQapr-i-AbuNapr,JNES24: