AESTHETICS G. W. F. HEGEL LECTURES ON FINE ART CLARENDON PRESS' OXFORD. Translated by T. M. Knox \,OLUM E 11

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1 AESTHETICS LECTURES ON FINE ART BY G. W. F. HEGEL Translated by T. M. Knox \,OLUM E 11 CLARENDON PRESS' OXFORD

2 CONTENTS OF VOLUME TWO PART III. THE SYSTEM OF THE INDIVIDUAL ARTS 61] INTRODUCTION 613 DIVISION OF THE SUBJECT 621 SECTlON r. ARCHITECTURE 630 INTRODUCTION 630 Chapter I. I"JDEPENDENT OR SYMBOLIC ARCHI- TECTURE 6JS I. Archltectural Worb Built for National Unification Archltectural \Vorks wavering between Architecture and Sculpture (a) PhalJlc Columns I b) OhelIsks etc. (c) Egyptian Temples 3. TransitIon from Independent to Classical Architecture (a) Indian and Egyptian Subterranean Buildings 1)40 1>41 04Z 1:> (b) Housing for the Dead, Pyramids, etc. 650 icl Transition to Archltecture in the Service of some Purpose 654 Chapter II. CLASSICAL ARCIiITECTURE 660 I. General Character of Classical Architecture (a) Subservlence to a Specd1c End Ib) The ßuilding's Fitness for its Purpose (c) The House as the Fundamental Type _. The PartIcular Detcrmmants of the Architectural Forms (a) BuJldinl.( III Vl100d ami Stone IU) Tlle Speciftc Forms of the Temple (c) The Classtcal Templr as a Whole 3. The DdTerent Stylcs in ClasslCal Architccture (a) Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian Orders (b) Thc Roman ConstructlOn of Arch and Vault IJ) General Chatacter of Roman Archltecture > > R;:

3 viii CONTENTS Chapter II I. ROMANTIC ARCHITECTURE 684 I. General Character of Romantic Architecture Particular Architectural Formations 685 (a) The FuHy Enclosed House as the Fundamental Form 685 (b) The Form of the Exterior and the Interior 687 (c) Mode of Decorating Different Styles in Romantic Architecture 697 (a) Romanesque (pre-gothic) Architecture 697 (b) Gothic Architecture Proper 698 (c) Secular Architecture in the Middle Ages 698 SECilON II. SCULPTURE 701 INTRODUCTION 701 DIVISION OF ihe SUBJECi 708 Chapter I. THE PRINCIPLE OF SCULPTURE PROPER 710 I. The Essential Content of Sculpture 71o 2. The Beautiful Sculptural Form 7 I 3 (a) Exclusion of Particulars 716 (b) Exclusion of Mien 717 (c) Substantive Individuality Sculpture as the Art of the Classical Ideal 718 Chapter 11. THE IDEAL OF SCULPTURE 721 I. General Character of the Ideal Sculptural Form Particular Aspects of the Ideal Form i~ Sculpture 727 (a) The Greek Profile 727 (b) Position and Movement of the Dod~' 738 (c) Draping [or Clothing) Individuality of the Ideal Sculptured Figures 750 (a) Attributes, Weapons, Adornment 75 2 (b) Ditferences of Age and Sex, and of Gods, Heroes, Men, and Animals 756 (c) Portrayal of the Individual Gods 761

4 CONTENTS Chapter 111. THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF POR TRAYAL AND MATERIAL AND THE HISTORI CAL STAGES OF SCULPTURE'S DEVELOP- MENT 765 I. l\lodes of Portrayal 765 (a) The Single Statue 766 (b) Groups 767 (e) Reliefs l\latenals for Sculpture 77 [ (a) Wooo 772 (b) I\'ory, Gold, Bronze, ami!\iarble 773 (e) PreclOus Stones ami G lass Historical Stages In the De\'eloprnent of Sculptllre 778 (a) Egyptian Sculpture 779 (b) Greek and Roman Sculpture 784 (e) Christian Sculpture 78X IX SECTlON 111. THE ROMANTIC ARTS 792 I NTRODUCT ION 79'1. Chaptcr I. PAINTING 797 INTROVlICTIO;-'" 797 I. General Character of Painting 799 (al The Chief Determinant of the Subject-matter 802 (h) The Sensuous Material of Painting 804 (e) Principle of the Artistic Treatment 2. l'articular Characteristics of Painting 814 (a) The Romantll' Subject-mattt:r 814 (hl ]\Iore Detailcd Charaetenzation of the Sensuous l\1.\terial of Paintmg 837 (e) The Artlst's Conception, Composition, and Characterization f listorical De\'elopment of Paintll1g 869 (a) Byzantine Pamting S7 1 (h) Italian Paintlf1g 872 Ic) 1-'1"1111'11.md (;erm;li1 Painting 8X2 81 I

5 x Chapter 11. MUSIC CONTENTS 888 INTRODUCTION AND DIVISION OP THE SUBJECT General Character of Music 893 (a) Comparison with the Visual Arts and Poetry 893 (b) Musical Treatment of the Subject-matter 901 (c) Effect of Music Particular Characteristics of Music's Means of Expression 910 (a) Time, Bar, Rhythm 913 (b) Harmony 919 (c) Melody Relation between Music's Means of Expression and their Content 933 (a) Music as an Accompaniment 937 (b) Independent Music 951 (c) The Execution of Musical Works of Art 955 Chapter III. POETRY 959 INTRODUCTION 959 A. THE POETIC WORK OF ART AS DISTINGUISHED PROM A PROSE WORK OF ART 971 I. Poetic and Prosaic Treatment The Poetic and the Prose Work of Art The Poet's Creative Activity 996 B. POETIC EXPRESSION 1000 J. The Poetic Way of Imagining Things Poetic Diction Versification 1011 (a) Rhythmic Versification 1014 (b) Rhyme 1022 (c) Unification of Rhythmical Versification and Rhyme 1031 C. THE DIFFERENT GENRES OF POETRY 1035 Introduction and Division of the Subject 1035

6 CONTENTS XI A. Epic Poetry I. General Character of Epic 2. Particular Characteristics of Epic Proper (a) The General World-Situation of Epic (6) The Individual Epic Action (c) The Epic as a Fully Unthed Whole ). The Historical Development of Eplc Poetry B. Lyric Poetry (a) The Oriental Epic (6) The Classical Epic of Greece and Rome (c) The Romantic Epic I. General Character of Lyric, Particular Aspects of Lyric Poetry (a) The Lyric Poet (6) The Lyrical Work of Art (c) The Kinds of Lync Proper J. Historical Development of Lync c. Dramatic Poetry I. The Drama as a Poetical Work of Art (a) The Principle of Dramatic Poetry (6) The Dramatic Work of Art (c) Relation of the Dramatic Work of Art lo the Pubhc, The External Execution of a Dramatic Work of Art (a) Reading Dramas and Reclting them (6) The Actor's Art (c) The Art of the Theatre more Independently of l'oetry 3. The Genres of Dramatic Poetry and the Chief Feature,; It has had in History (a) The Principle of Tragedy, Comedy, and Drama (6) Dlfference between Ancient and 1\1odern Dramatic Poetry (c) The Concrete Development of Dramatic Poetry and ItS C('nres I " " ' " INDEX 1239

It s All Greek to Me

Creative Activity: Web Exploration It s All Greek to Me A Scavenger Hunt By 2013 Ancient Greece: 1500 B.C.- A.D.476 It s All Greek to Me: Ancient Greece 1500 B.C. - A.D. 476 Student Name Directions: Today,