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3 THEA RE INTEF3NATIONAL EAST-WEST Perspe8tives on Theatre Vol. I No.11 a Essays on the Theory & Praxis of World Theatre Eds. AMITAVA F}OY KAUSHIK DUTTASHARMA DATTATFIEYA DUTT TANWEEF` A. MAZHARI U iiil Published by AVANTGARDE PRESS

4 ;-, THEAmi lnternatldnal` To be published bi-annually (Jan.-June & July-Dec. issues) This Vol. April-May 1996 First published.. A\pwl-May 1994 Sponsored by THEATRE ARTS WORKSHOP, CALCUTTA a registered, Govt. approved, non-profit theatre group Printed in India by Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt. Ltd. 10 a, Creek Lane, Calcutta Dial : / Cover and Book Des/.gn : Sandipan Bhattacharya J`+ Price : India Bs. 250 U. K. 11 U. S. A. $ GEBMANY D. M. 27 E= tt++`---=_

5 =E= h= Editors" Desk. shadcesperme SinibExpeare Society Of Eastern India Jrmts* Biithday Celebration of the Bard JI,fbert SE- Chakraborty AI tliat [s so.lid.melts into air 9ekespeare from a neo-marxist post-modern =Ieseechie. King Lear, Antony and Cleopatra and The Tempest Prfe klitrai I am no orator as Brutas is" -Das dr. Helen cooper's Serrinar Lecture on Shakespeare : afi Calcutta University Ar analysis of Brutus' speech at Caeser's funeral clj\sslcal AslAN DnAMA Comparative Perspective S. F\amaswamy Seami Motokiyo's Concept of Yugen : The Japanese Noh And Sanskrit Drama Parasuram Ramamoorthi Feihinist Theatre Politics and Performance : A view of Feminist Theatre t FOLK THEATRE Folk Traditions and Theatre Arnab F\ay The Life and Death of ALKAP : An Enquiry Debjani Das Gambhira and Alkap : A Comparative study Arnab Flay The Wig-makers of Kulai i Q

6 \ STREET THEATRE Amitava F?oy Rehearsals for Revolution : Street Theatte and the Kanoria Jute Mill Crisis Mihir Saha Street Theatre with Badal Sirkar : A F]eport Arup Ratan Ghosh "I am a man of Theatre, not a playwright" : an interview with Badal Sirkar Anil Singh From Collegians to Coal Miners Sudip Ghosh A commendable attempt and a novel cause G. S. Radhakrishna Ballad are His Bullets Jean-Jacques Lebel Notes on Political Street Theatre, Paris : 1968, 1969 Peter Manuel East Indian Music in the West Indies 89 F3avi Chaturvedi Dramatic Elements in the Art Movements (Painting and Sculpture) of the Twentieth Centure : A Quick Glimpse and Survey H. Masud Taj Song for the Besieged : a poem AMEHICAN DRAMA Sourin Guha On Hem.ingway.s Play '. The Fifth Column CONTEMPOF!ARY THEATRE IN PFIODUCTloN S: F3amaswamy A London Theatre Chronicle (Dec. '94 to Feb. 95) h=-`r--.,-`--- th

7 ±±!±±=±±\ Chattopadhayay Shaian iconcept of Heroism : ShiERTi cn Shakespeare ffloli TliE ARCHIVES Tamreer A. Mazhari r=ren Ghosh ( ) T=.' of Contents, Art plates, and lllustrations of THE FOUF` ABTS ANNUAL,1935, ` - E=,r:orial of THE FOUP APITS ANNUAL, t Pfaren Ghosh The 'Chau; (Masked) Dancers of Seraikella Comments and Appreciations TAGOF}E Symposium on Tagore's Plays : Questionnaire Saroj Mohan Mitra and Manju Dutta Gupta Pabitra Sirkar The Post Office Benoy Kr. Banerjee Babindranath Tagore's The Post Off/.ce and J. M. Synge's The We// of 77}e Sa/.nfs : A Comparaiive `Approach Saibal Basu Th6 Pattern of Illusion; Death and Pebirth in some plays of Tagore Amitava Roy Exit The King : Obituary for Eugene lonesco Arup Ratan Ghosh The Manyfaceted portrait of an Artist : A Book Peview ` Our Contributors

8 CONTRIBUTING EDITORS DP. AJIT GHOSH -Late y Vidya8agar Professor and Head of the Deptt. of Bengali, Babindra Bharati University. -Ex-President, Bangiya Sahitya Parishad. -Editor, Eastern Zone, Sahitya Akademi Anthology of Indian Literatures. SRI BUDDHADEV DASGUPTA - Film Director. DR. DILIP BAF]UA -Professor of English, Bardhaman university & Exec. President, Shakespeare Society of Eastern India. DP. GOURISHANKAR BHATTACHARYA - Lately Professor and Head, Deptt. of Drama, Babindra Bharati university. DR. ISSAC SEQUEIRA -Senior Academic Fellow (Literature / Humanities) Amercan Studies Besearch Centre, Hyderabad. DR. JASBlf] JAIN -Professor of English & Director, Academic Staff Collage, University of Jaipur, Rajasthan. a, PROF. KUMAR ROY -Professor of Drama (Retd.) Rabindra Bharati University & Director, "BOHUPUPEE" Theatre Group. PROF. MANOJ MITHA -Head of the Deptt. of Drama, Babindra Bharati University; Playwright and Director, "SUNDABAM" Theatre Group. DR. MANJu DUTTA GuPTA - Lately Professor of English, Rabindra Bharati University, DFZ. NAGABHUSHANA SAF]MA - Professor of Theatre Arts and Deen, Osmania university, Hyderabad. DF. NARAYAN MUKHERJEE I; -Professor, Deptt, of Languages, Calcutta University. DR. PRALAY DEV -Professor of English, Kalyani University and Visiting Professor, Deptt. of English, Rabindra Bharatj University. DR. RAMARANJAN MUKHERJEE -Professor Emeritus (Sanskrit) ; Ex-Vice Chancellor, Bardhaman and crhaabi:#:r?i:rrua:'a ns::rss#t;un,v6rsity Dr. PABltRA SARKAR -Professor of Bengali, Jadavpur University and Vice-Chancellor, Rabindra Bharati university. SRI Suf]AJIT GHOSH - Drama Critic.Poet and Theatre Director, Editor 'PPOMA'. DR. S. HAIVIASWAMY - Lately Professor of English, Bangalore University and Visiting Fellow, American Studies Pesearch Centre, Hyderabad. 6fil suvopianjan DASGuPTA. -Special Correspondent, The Ananda Bazar Patrika Group. PFIOF. RAVI CHATURVEDI -Head of the Deptt. of Performingp.4 Arts and Drama, University of Jaipur, Bajasthan. WORKING ED[TOF=S AMITAVA ROY -Head of the Deptt. of English & Visiting Professor, Deptt. of Drama, Babindra Bharati University. -Co~Founder, Shakespeare Society of Eastern India. -Director, Theatre Arts Workshop. DATTATP. ERA DUTT -Senior Lecturer, Deptt. of Drama, Flabindra Bharati University. -Director. Theatre Arts Workshop (North Calcutta Branch). KAUSHIK DUTTASHARMA -Lecturer. Deptt, of English, Arunachal university. -Director. "Samasamayeek" Theatre Group. TANWEER A. MAZHARl. -Lecturer, Deptt. of English, Pamakrishna Mission, Belur College & Visiting Lecturer, Vidyasagar university, Midnapore, W. Bengal. h`;±=l--j :~=ae *-i-,. i±= =-2

9 From the EDITORS' DESK a THEATRE INTEFINATIONAL, EAST-WEST Perspectives on Theatre.. Thp ti!je tells you where we are at. This is an international Journal-cum-Dramabook. In the constitution of its Editorial Board, through its intended wide-angle global readership, in itsrangeandscopeofsubjectmatterand focus,initsselectionofexpertsandspecialist writersthispublicationwiildoitsbesttocatertothefrontierlessinternationalcommunity of the Performing Arts and Artists. We present this publication i'n the hope that it may enrich the Indian theatre culture in concrete ways -for the i)resent dramatic culture lacks a creative correlation between Theory and Praxis. We feel that through our connections and involvement in University Performing Arts, Drama and Literature Departments Theatre /nfemaf/.ona/ is particularly favourably situated to bridge the grey areas between pedagogy and performance.ontheotherhand,theatreisultimatelyperformance.hencepapersand articles on the productional aspects will find valuable place in all issules of 77. Moreover, the realisation that the theatre cuts across.doth culture and history is evident in the works of our avantgarde theatre workers. The University Drama departmentshaveeveryaccesstoandspecialavenuesofcommunicationwiththeatre movements throughout India and abroad. 77 commits itself to the task of making the necessary inter-cultural linkages and disseminating the available material to theatre enthusiasts here. Likewise T/ can help make the intelligentsia abroad aware of the Indian, Asian and Third World theatre scene. Hence 77 can serve as a medium and forum for international cultural exchange.

10 u Both our masthead and our readership include and span high-lq decision-makers in the Performing Arts spread across the five continents - university Faculty, members of Akademis and theatre ensembles, performing artists and intellectuals, the cultural avantgarde of Europe, Amei:ica and Asia. The contents of I/ will thus range frcrmkathakali.tokabukj,fromtheyakshaganatotheguerillatheatre.fromthepeking Opera to performative processes of the European avantgarde, from Tagore to T. S. Eliot, Shakespeare to Stanislavsky, Kafka to.karhad,a:9ckett to Badal Sircar reflecting and embodying the creative thrust of the global theatre scene... Apart from focussing on this vibrant variety and wide range of world theatre, in every issue 77 will feature articles and papers highlighting the works of and controversies. around BBECHT, SHAKESPEAPIE and TAGOPE. FOLK THEATPE, FEMINIST THEATPIE and PPODUCTION LOGS will also be recurring features of 71. So will be the publication of Playtexts in most issues. Future Special Numbers will include issues on GEBMAN THEATPE IN INDIA, THEATPE & FILM, POLITICAL THEATBE. Our grateful thanks go out to `all our contributors who have made this issue an exciting read -to all of us here in India for their wonderfully sustained co-operatiori and to Peter MANUEL and Guenter GPIASS of U.S.A. and Germany whose creative contributions have enriched 77 no end. We wish you a happy theatrical journey through the pages of rhearf?e INTERNATIONAL. - Eds. C, IV The opinions expressed in the articles published are to be attributed to the writers, not to the editors or to the institution. 2. Articlesandpapersaregenerallycommissioned. Unsolicitedcontributions are also welcome. They should be typed in double space on one side of the page and` normally conform to generally accepted Bibliographical conventions for academic articles : like the MLA style sheet. Though other experimental formats will also be considered. Playtexts from new playwrights and franslations of plays and theatre documents are particularly welcome.

11 . Our Contributors # L`J` q.cht ~ `, SANTANu CHAKRABORTY : Young, avantgarde Marxist thinker and attivist, Scholar of Comparatrve Literature,painterandpart-timeuniversjtystudentattheforefront.of grass-roots,populist,tradesunionandarfu Establishment movements. A Shakespearian of rising stature, of revolutionary promise and potential he is a committed intellectual writer who can wield both ''the pen and the gun". PAPIYAMITRA:Aleaderamongthejust-out-of-collegegroupofuniversityLecturerswho,thoughfreshand green,istncreasjnglymakingherpresenceteltamonghermoreseniorcolleagues.thisisherfirstappearame jn print in an international academic journal. EE= MANASDAS:AmongthetopstudentintellectualsofthefinalyearMAClassOftheCalcuttaUniversityDas blends a maturing mind with high enthusiasm. S.RAMASWAMY:Fellow,Sielimancollege,Yaleuniversityheisaninternationalguruofinterculturalstudies. Sanskritist,theatreexpertwithinterestsrangingfromKalidasatoKafkaandbeyond,philosopher.editor.linguist hehasbeeninvitedahacrossthe5continentstolectureontopicsrangingfromclassjcaljapanesedramatothe latest experimental Commonwealth playwright. His annual Shakespeare Foundation Lecture at the British Counc"-Shakespearesocietycelebratjons(tobepublishedinTIVol2/1)wasanastonishingguidedtourthrough themazesoflndianphilosophyvis-a-visham/efandaleamedyetintimatediscourseon5tamiltranslationsct Shakespear'splay-thatshookuptheShakespearelndustryinthjspartofthelndiansub-continent.Currently contemplatingashakespearianprojectamongthehighmountainsoftheadvancedstudieslnstituteinshimla. IndiaheisindeedaManforaaseasonswho"typeofthewise"everremains"truetothekindredpoint ofheaven and home". J PARASuRAMARAMAMOORTHY:HeadoftheDeptt.of Drama,Madurai-Kamarajuniversity,heisadrama scholarandpracticalman-of-the-theatreofinternationalrenown.speciallyknownforhisin-depth,comparative critiquesandperspectivesonclassicalandfolkdramaoflndjaandthecurrentfeministicandpoliticaltheatreof the West. Playwright and theatre director. MIHIRSAHA:Anexcellentphoto-journalistwithspecialinterestjnoff-prosceniumandexperimentaltheatre activities. PETERMANUEL:Americanmultjculturalist,musicspecialistandperformingartsexpertofwide-renown. AENABRAY:Theatreresearcher,journalistwithspectalinterestintheinterfacebetweenDrama,Filmand LiteratureRayhaspubljshednumerousarticlesinthemedia.Thisishisfirstappearanceinaresearchjoumal.A tirelessspokesmanforthefast-vanishingfolkartsoftheeasternregionoflndia. DEBJANIDAS:Acommittedhistorianandresearcherintoculturalanthropology,folktheatretraditionsand sociologyms.dasremarkablyworksinhervariedbutrelatedareasofspecialjzation. RAVICHATURVEDI:Chairperson,Deptt,ofPerformingandDramaticArts,universityofRajasthan,Jaipur hasjustreturnedfromahighlysuccessfuhecture-gum-researchtourineurope.spearheadsboththeuniversrty theatreactjvityoftheregionanditssmall-screenmixed-audiencetelevisionprogrammes.anintellectualwhois yet a man of the people. DEBASISHCHATTOPADIIYAY:YoungCollegeanduniversitylecturerofgrowjngreputewhoseinterests range from Bomantic to Modern drama. ;..i,, SOURIN GUHA : Among Bengal's noted American Lit. specialists Prof. Guha holds a doctorate on Scott Fitzgerald from Rabindra Bharati U. Is Chairperson, Deptt. of English, Netajinagar College, Calcutta and has 174 =-"-, ffl. I,: fl

12 published widel poet in ESngali. in scholarly anthologies including 7-/ a d the Calcutta U. Bulletin of Eng. Lit. Also a sought-after AMITAVAFIOY:CurrentlyholdsthechairoftheShckespeareProfessoratRabindraBharatiU.andisCo- founder,thesha*espearesoct.efyofeastem/ndi.a.(est.1985).asdirector,thea{rearfework hop(est.1973) i::#gfe:a:n:a:3o:s:ienglob7:::s:ngg:a:i:( th::,"s:e:;i;::of:c:ozn:#:aj,'iet;h:; j!e;oga:;ult:an;nc;f:i:;:t::cn;::::#:;p :#?bnd;:::e:td:: Banerjeeofwa/."ng/orGodofauthorisedbyBecketthimselfwhichranarecordsixyearsfroml969-75incalcutta. HisothermajorrolesincludeJerry-lndrajit(Zoosfory),ThomasBeckett(Murden.ntheoathedraA,Juliuscaesat, ir:&isdth`,'iij{.eggs-(fig-b5ial;sflehearse`theuprisi.ngn,.xerxes(pee_?hy}.:±.plo_r.s± TSP^e^ts: ATheatredirectorofwide-rangingexperiencehehastouredextensivelyinthetheatrecapitalsoftheworldand workedwithgroupsanddirectorsirrandfromtheusa.uk,germanyandaustriaincludinggeorgtaborland HansHEYME.AsdirectorhismostrenownedproductionsincludeB/.p/aberMohora(theBengalitranscreation ::egn:e:tdearp?art:::':'eb:iagna:;coot- :emc:esdrr':::i:sa:::::::%r::5!i#s",gp#"ar:::#;,`j:tfagre%?g#-r: oeg-; ::8 af5;=3a=s",ulyg-#o:i.ighe-i.e5u-i;riina-ir,-i.--riorow.nz'sthel.nqianvyint?the_p,r?.?i_=n_d_\lo+t\s,g:_s^h=±e^s.paer%.r\e.. Mostrecentlyhasdirectedandactedinseveralacclaimed(andaward-winning)TVfilm andserials.latest teletilmis/nsearchoftheourgausingpoetjoewintersmedi.raft.ononthggoddessaspart-textandcommentary as celebrations of the Durga in Calcutta. A founder-editor of both the RBU Drama and English Deptt. Journals, the author of numerous papers on the%rueu#nudedrr5au#=:cu r=ev#:;;w;rfin-gediiisrife-atree -nternational.5waysofgettingamuslimoutofafoxhale (I/,1/1)ishisfirst,andimmediatelycontroversial,play. MASUDTAJ:Bombay-basedinternationallyawardedleadingarchitectoflndiawithadeepfascinationwith and knowledge of poetry and the theatre. TANWEER MAZHARI : One of the most brilliant young College and univ. lecturers in English now working ::eb:n 8rar';!ha't:ohi%:I,g- a3:'taj:eendt#epa:;:t:%esso::est.y,nepa':tt:rrid #ee::.r/sworklngeditorshisspecialinterestison SAIBALBASU:AteacherinthefoothillsofmountainousNorthBengalhehasestablishedhimselfasaTagore expertatanearlyagethroughhismulti-andmixedmediaperformancesofflabindranath'spoemsandplaysand through scholarly papers such as the one published in this volume of I/. PABITRASARKAR:CurrentlyVice-Chancellor,R.8.u ProfessorSarkarhasdistinguishedhimselfinmany academicandculturalfields:dramacriticandtheatrespecialist,tagoreexpert,poet,linguistandlinguistician among the leading intellectuals of India now. BENOY BANERJEE : A distinguished academic and sure-tooted scholar-teacher from North Bengal Universityrenownednationallyforhisinsightful,comparativeperspectivesontheatre,EastandWest. SAROJMOHANMITPIA:ProfessorofBengaliliteratureandoneoftheforemostlndianBrechtspecialistsDr. Mitra`scontributiontolndo-GermanculturalconnectionsandTagorestudiesareinvaluableworksofscholarship. MANJuDUITAGUPTA:Brilliantretd.professorofEnglishassociatedwiththethreeuniversitiesinCalcutta as expert and advisor, her book on the one-act play and papers on feminist poets and playwrights are internationallyknown.herspecialinterestinanddeepknowledgeoftagoretheatrearepowerfullyexpressed in her response to Rabindranath published in this Volume of I/. ARuP FIATAN GHOSH : Drama critic,`cultural journalist, poet and film buff, teacher of English at South SuburbanHighSchool,Calcutta,Ghoshisattheforefrontofthemostpromisingyoungscholarsandcritisothis generation.hispath-breakingdoctoraldissertationontheimpactoftheeuropeanabsurdtheatreonmodern BengaHplaywrightshasattractedintensedebate,interestandcontroversy.TheoutstandingexpertonBadal Sircarandlndia'sThirdTheatremovement,hiswritingsonDrama,FilmandArtinOesh,AnandeBazarpafrt.ka, Jugantar,Amr/taBaza/Pafrr.kaandinnum rousotherreputednewspapersand"littlemagazines"havehelpe.g. shapeourmodemsengibilityasalsoexplorethepost-modernistdimensionsofourculture. EE 175I