Landmarks. Your Viewpoint. Unit Objectives

Transcription

1 4 Unit Objectives * Buildings * Future Tenses * Listening to Guided Tours * Comparing Pictures * Writing a Description of a Place * Life Skills: Internet Research Landmarks Which of the following landmarks can you identify? Where is each one located? W Which of the following do you think makes each of these landmarks famous? its size what it s used for its history its design its age WEB EXTRA Find out about UNESCO heritage sites at: 41

2 Unit 4 Reading 1. W ord Check: The following words appear in the text. Make sure you know what they mean. marvel irregularly-shaped state-of-the-art scanning for specific information Scanning means looking through the text quickly, to find specific information. Pay attention to the type of information you are looking for (names, places, dates, prices). Looking for numbers, symbols and capital letters will help you. 2. S can the text quickly to look for the following information: the summer temperature in Dubai the name of Dubai s underwater hotel the number of islands in The World the name of the island that Brad Pitt has bought the size of the Dubai Mall 3. R ead the text and answer the following questions. 1. H ow will the new projects help Dubai s economy? 2. What could other architects do if they knew the height of Burj Dubai? 3. What is unusual about the rooms at Hydropolis? 4. How do you know The World will be an exclusive area? 5. What is innovative about the planned 68-storey tower? The World Dubai 4. A re the following statements true or false? Find evidence in the text to support your answers. 1. M ost people don t realise that Dubai is running out of oil. 2. Buildings are being built very quickly in Dubai. 3. Staying at Hydropolis will be inexpensive. 4. No one will live on Palm Islands. 5. Dubailand will be the same size as Disney World. 5. Choose the best answer according to the text. 1. The artificial island groups are. a. all shaped like palm trees b. additions to natural islands c. each made up of 300 islands d. made of natural materials 2. Which of the following records is Dubai NOT breaking? a. the tallest building b. the deepest building c. the largest artificial islands d. the largest shopping centre A r c h i t e c t u r a l Wo n d e r l a n d F ind words or phrases in the text that mean: 1. m oney earned or received (paragraph 1) 2. animals that live in the sea (paragraph 3) 3. extra (paragraph 4) 4. rotate (paragraph 5) 5. ambitious, impressive (paragraph 5) Which sites in your area were specifically built to attract tourists? Are they popular? 30 One of the Palm Islands 35 One usually thinks of Dubai, one of the seven Arab Emirates, as being rich in oil. Its rulers, however, know better. Their oil is running out fast, and to create an alternative source of income, they want Dubai to become the business and tourist capital of the Middle East. On the bare, dry desert sand of Dubai City, where temperatures are often over 45ºC in the summer, spectacular architectural projects are breaking every record in the book. And it s happening at a speed and scale never known before. First and foremost, the breathtaking Burj Dubai skyscraper will tower over this city and every other city. It s going to be the world s tallest building, though no one knows exactly how tall. Its planners are keeping its final height a secret because of competition from other buildings under construction. They want to be sure that by the time it s finished, no other building will have surpassed it. While this building reaches for the sky, another project is reaching deep under the ocean. Hydropolis, the world s first luxury underwater hotel, is a surrealistic fantasyland 20 metres below the surface of the Persian Gulf. Shaped like a giant jellyfish, its 220 opulent suites will have plexiglass walls so that guests will be able to marvel at the colourful marine life all around them. A larger project is the artificial island groups off Dubai s shores. Built from sand and stone dug up from the bottom of the sea, they ll be the largest man-made islands ever constructed. Palm Islands, three island groups shaped like giant palm trees, will contain theme parks, hotels and luxury housing for over a million people. The other group of islands represents a map of the world. Each of The World s 300 islands is shaped like an individual country, and is for sale starting at $15 million. So if you ve got some spare cash, you can join the list of celebrities which includes Pamela Anderson, who ll be living on Greece, and Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie, who have bought Ethiopia. One of the most architecturally innovative future projects is a 68-storey tower in which each irregularly-shaped storey will turn separately round a central axis, completing 360º every 90 minutes. This means the entire building will always be changing shape. Another record-breaker is the grandiose, 1,200-shop, 12-million-square-foot Dubai Mall, the biggest shopping centre on the planet. One of the grandest projects of all is Dubailand, a huge leisure and entertainment complex twice the size of today s biggest, Disney World. Its highlights will include a multitude of theme parks, state-of-the-art sports stadiums, resorts and malls. This is just a small part of what s happening in Dubai s building boom. Clearly, this city will soon be packed with sensational major attractions, making it one of the world s architectural wonderlands. watch out False friends luxury (line 13) means lujo not lujuria larger ( line 17) means mayor, más grande not más largo resorts ( line 33) means complejos turísticos not resortes major (line 35) means de gran relevancia not mayor 42 43

3 Unit 4 Vocabulary Words from the Text 1. Replace the word in bold in each sentence with a word of similar meaning below. shore spare source ruler huge resort 1. A country s leader controls the government and the army. 2. What is the origin of that architectural style? 3. We went for a walk along the beach on Sunday. 4. Our family spent two weeks at a holiday complex in Greece. 5. Have you got any extra time this weekend? 6. The bear at the zoo is very big. 2. Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original. Pay attention to the words in colour. 1. The room was quite bare. a. The room had very little furniture. b. The room was full of furniture. 2. This type of fish swims near the surface of the sea. a. This fish swims deep under the water. b. This fish swims near the top of the water. 3. The boy reached for my hand. a. The boy pushed my hand away. b. The boy wanted to hold my hand. 4. The view from our room is breathtaking. a. The view is very impressive. b. The view is quite boring. 5. Our paper supply is running out. a. We ve got plenty of paper left. b. We ll need to buy more paper soon. 6. I read a lot during my leisure time. a. My work involves a lot of reading. b. I read when I m not at work. 7. We ve had some major problems with the project. a. The problems were serious. b. We couldn t solve the problems. 8. They stayed at a luxury hotel. a. It was basic, but quite clean. b. It had a spa and a pool. want + infinitive WANT + OBJECT + Infinitive The verb want can be used in the following ways: It can refer to something the subject of the sentence wants to do. They want to build the tallest building in Dubai. (want + infinitive) It can refer to something the subject of the sentence wants someone / something else to do. They want tourists to come to Dubai. (want + object + infinitive) 3. Choose the correct answer. see Grammar Appendix page The child told her father, I want to take / you to take me to the park. 2. The librarian asked me, Do you want to read / me to read a good novel? 3. We told our visitors, We don t want to leave / you to leave yet. 4. Write the words in the correct order to form sentences. 1. wanted / Dubai / visit / Thomas / to 2. go / cat / to / wants / out / the 3. her / wants / Lucy s / boss / to / tonight / work 4. to / window / open / want / you / me / do / the /? 5. didn t / to / want / Charlotte / piano / practise / the 6. want / anything / does / to / bring / us / Ben /? 5. Complete the sentences by writing what each speaker wants or doesn t want in the following situations. 1. Let s eat at an Indian restaurant, suggests Anne. Anne wants. 2. Mia, could you please tidy your room? asks her father. Mia s father wants. 3. Students, pay attention! orders the teacher. The teacher wants. 4. I don t feel like getting up, complains Julia. Julia doesn t want. 5. Mark, I don t like it when you laugh at me, says Sara. Sara doesn t want. Topic Vocabulary buildings 1. Which of the following words are materials? Which are buildings or structures? iron steel skyscraper stone glass concrete office block bridge 2. The following sentences do not make sense. Make them logical by replacing each word in colour with a word in colour from a different sentence. 1. Our home is too small. We need something more ancient. 2. An architect knows which materials can tear down a building. 3. We live in a three engineer building. 4. Developers want to support the old houses and build a new skyscraper. 5. An experienced landmark designed that bridge. 6. The streets are so spacious that the houses almost touch each other. 7. The pyramids were built in narrow times. 8. Stonehenge is a famous historic storey. BRITISH / AMERICAN ENGLISH British and American English often use different words to refer to the same thing. 3. Match the British English words with their American English equivalents. British 1. lift 2. pavement 3. garden 4. ground floor 5. flat American a. first floor b. yard c. elevator d. apartment e. sidewalk 4. Listen to the dialogues. Are the speakers in each one British or American? 1. A: Where is your favourite music shop? B: In the shopping centre near my school. 2. A: Which cinema are we going to? B: The one in the high street. 3. A: Is it hard to find parking downtown? B: No, there are plenty of parking lots. 5. Replace the words in colour in Exercise 4 with the British or American equivalent below. in the city centre store main street car parks movie theater mall 6. Complete the passage with the words below. Then listen and check your answers. storeys stone lift glass support ancient steel skyscrapers Reaching for the Sky Since the beginning of history, people have tried to build the biggest, tallest, most impressive structures they could. In 1. times, important buildings were often made of 2.. Because this material is so heavy, it was difficult to make these buildings very tall. Today, however, our cities are filled with 3. that reach amazing heights. Strangely, the walls of many of these buildings seem to be made entirely of 4. windows. How can these delicate walls 5. so much weight? The answer is that they don t. The buildings are actually held up by a strong framework made of 6. an amazing material which is both extremely strong and light. Another reason modern buildings can have a hundred or more 7. is the invention of the 8. : If we had to walk up, we certainly wouldn t build so high! Complete the sentences. Make them true for you. 1. I saw a breathtaking view at. 2. I often run out of The landmark I want to see the most is. 4. The most popular shop in our high street is. 5. In my leisure time, I like to. 44 Vocabulary Builder, pages

4 Unit 4 grammar future simple be going to Read the examples and answer the questions. a. We re going to spend our next holiday in Dubai. b. The tour of Dubai will begin at 9.00 am. c. Have you seen the plans for Dubailand? It s going to be amazing! d. Soon, Dubai will be the tourist capital of the Middle East. e. Where is the Dubai Mall? Come with me. I ll show you. 1. Which sentence above describes...? 1. events in a timetable 2. a prediction 3. a future event based on present evidence 4. a spontaneous decision 5. future plans 2. Which tense is used for each of the uses above? 3. Complete the rules. 1. We use + the base form of the verb to form the Future Simple. 2. We use, or + going to + the base form of the verb to form be going to. future PERFECT simple future CONTINUOUS Read the examples and answer the questions. a. By the time Dubai runs out of oil, tourism will have become a major industry. (Future Perfect Simple) b. Brad Pitt will be living in Dubai all winter. (Future Continuous) 1. Which sentence talks about...? 1. a completed action at a certain future time 2. an action in progress at a certain future time 2. Complete the rules. 1. We use will + + verb + -ing to form the Future Continuous. 2. We use will + + the past participle to form the Future Perfect. Grammar Appendix, pages Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple or be going to. 1. You haven t worked hard enough for this exam. You (not pass). 2. I m sure you (enjoy) the trip. 3. The bus to London (leave) at pm. 4. you (come) to the party tonight? 5. The child looks tired. He (fall) asleep soon. 6. Do you want to come to the shops? Good idea! I (call) Dylan and ask him to come, too. 2. Which of the sentences in Exercise 1 can be completed using the Present Continuous with future meaning? watch out El café se está acabando. Yo compro más esta tarde. The coffee is running out. I ll buy more this afternoon. 3 NOT The coffee is running out. I buy more this afternoon Write a suitable sentence to follow each sentence below. Use the words in brackets and the Future Simple or be going to. 1. Are you hot? (I / turn on / air conditioner) 2. My grandmother is ill. (have / operation / tomorrow) 3. I ve bought tickets to the concert. (Beth / be very pleased) 4. Could I borrow some money? (return / next week) 5. I d love to come, but I can t. (go out / my boyfriend / this evening) 6. Look at that man on the roof of the building. (he / jump!) 4. Choose the correct answer. 1. Will you have waited / Will you be waiting for us when we arrive at the station? 2. You ll have spent / You ll be spending all your money by the end of your trip. 3. Sara has almost finished her studies. Next year she ll have worked / she ll be working fulltime. 4. Don t call me at I ll be sleeping / I ll have slept. 5. I hope that by next year, I ll have saved / I ll be saving enough money for a car. 6. They ll be eating / They ll have eaten all the food by the time we arrive. 5. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Perfect or Future Continuous. 1. By the year 2050, the world (become) five degrees warmer. 2. Let s meet at I (finish) my homework by then. 3. This time next month, they (ski) in the Alps. 4. During our holiday, we (stay) at the Seaside Hotel. 5. Please don t come this afternoon. I (study). 6. By the time help arrives, we (change) the tyre ourselves. 6. Complete Danny s story. Use the correct future tense. I ve just met a wonderful girl named Rena. I think I 1. (ask) her out. Fantastic! She s agreed. I 2. to the cinema tomorrow. (take) her I m so excited! At this time tomorrow, I 3. (sit) hand in hand with Rena. I m sure it 4. (be) a great evening. Six months later By the end of this week, Rena and I 5. (know) each other for six months. Eight months later Rena has decided that she 6. other boys, too. I ve tried to talk to her, but she 7. (not answer) my phone calls. (date) I 8. (find) someone else by the time she decides who she wants! 7. Answer the following questions about your future. 1. What will you be doing this time next year? 2. What are you going to do this weekend? 3. Do you think you will have a lot of money when you are older? Why or why not? 4. Do you think you ll get married young? Why or why not? 5. What goals will you have achieved by the time you are 30? 8. Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use future tenses. Then listen and check your answers. There may be more than one correct answer. robot-made homes Building a home is a huge project, involving many labourers and plenty of time and money. Ten years from now, however, people 1. (live) in houses built entirely by robots. California inventor, Dr Behrokh Khoshnevis has worked on his construction robot for years, and this spring he 2. finally (start) marketing it. He predicts that the robot 3. (build) a typical family home in only 24 hours. He believes this method 4. also (reduce) building costs to a fifth of what they are today. He promises that a construction project using the robot 5. (not need) any human workers, and that the houses 6. (have) a great variety of designs. Dr Khoshnevis hopes that by the end of the next decade, robots 7. completely (replace) humans on construction sites, and building a home 8. (become) a simple, inexpensive and speedy procedure. Grammar Review 9. Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning. 1. Fashions will be different by the time you are older. (changed) 2. Paul met Julie in primary school. (known) 3. How long have you had this car? (buy) 4. We re going to play tennis from five until seven o clock. (At six o clock) 5. Mark left and Nancy cried for an hour. (after) Extra grammar exercises at:

5 skills Unit 4 LISTENING guided tours 1. Look at the pictures of landmarks in various countries. Which words below can be used to describe each picture? skyscraper glass stone ancient unusual steel tall modern SPEAKING comparing pictures 1. Look at the sentences below. Which can be used to show how two pictures are similar? Which can be used to show how they are different? 1. Another difference between them is that 2. The two pictures are similar / alike because 3. Another thing that they have got in common is 4. In this picture there is, but in this one 5. The place in picture 1 is more / less than in picture This picture shows, while that one shows 7. The pictures are quite different because 8. Both pictures show 2. Choose a pair of pictures below. Write a list of adjectives and nouns that describe them. With your partner, compare and contrast the pictures you chose. Use the expressions in Exercise 1. A Pair 1 B Empire State Building, New York City, USA Towers of San Gimignano, Italy Eiffel Tower, Paris, France CN Tower, Toronto, Canada National Academic Theatre, Odessa National Centre for the Performing Arts, Beijing Pair 2 2. Listen to three guided tours. Which of the landmarks above do the tours visit? TAKE NOTES When you are listening to a passage, taking notes can be helpful. Don t try to write down everything you hear. Write down keywords or important phrases, but not full sentences. It is more important to keep listening! 3. Listen to the guided tours again. As you listen, take notes of the most important facts about each place. 4. Use your notes to answer the questions below. Which landmark...? 1. was considered very ugly when it was built 2. has 102 storeys 3. was built as the result of a competition among families 4. has a race up its stairs every year 5. has 73 elevators 6. was the world s tallest structure for 40 years 7. was designed to show its internal structure 8. was once part of a group of 72 towers A Colosseum, Rome Enrich your speaking When you want to draw someone s attention to something, use the following expressions: B Olympic Stadium, Montreal What famous landmarks are there in your area or country? Describe one. What do you know about it? I ve just noticed... Have a look at... And there s another thing... Did you notice...? 48 WEB EXTRA Read about some unusual building trivia at: Burlington Speech Trainer, Unit 4 Pronunciation Practice, page

6 WRITING A Description of a Place 1. Read the description below. What parts of the building does the writer describe? What is his / her opinion of the building? 2. In which paragraph/s of the description does the writer discuss...? 1. things you can do or see at Notre Dame 2. the name and location of the place 3. his / her opinion or recommendation 4. physical characteristics of the place ADJECTIVES Adjectives are used to describe nouns. Using a variety of adjectives can make your writing rich and interesting. When describing a place, adjectives can create a more accurate and realistic impression. Notre Dame Cathedral Writing Guide, page 149 Notre Dame Cathedral is one of the most amazing buildings in the world. It stands on a small island in the middle of the River Seine in Paris, France. It took nearly 200 years and thousands of workers to build this spectacular Gothic cathedral. If you stand outside the cathedral, you ll notice three doors with intricate sculptures. Staring down from two huge towers are the famous gargoyles half-human, half-stone monsters. If you are in good shape, you can climb a tower to see the gargoyles up close, as well as get a breathtaking view of Paris. Inside, rows and rows of tall, slim columns lead your eye up to the towering ceiling. Lovely stained glass windows let in a thousand different shades of light. During prayer times, you can hear the beautiful sounds of the cathedral s famous organ. Notre Dame is one of Paris most famous landmarks, and any visitor should plan on seeing it. Even if you are not a great architecture fan, you will never forget its beauty. 3. For each sentence, choose two adjectives that are similar in meaning to the adjective in italics. 1. The cathedral s architecture is wonderful. magnificent / important / splendid 2. This beautiful temple was built in the 15th century. lovely / elegant / enormous 3. The Great Pyramid is big. brilliant / immense / huge 4. The view from our room was impressive. breathtaking / spectacular / frightening 5. We looked up at the thick stone walls of the old tower. ancient / famous / historic 4. Which adjectives from the list can describe each of the places below? a village a football stadium a road mountains a local market a palace towering spacious ancient huge modern breathtaking colourful lively picturesque noisy grand unusual marvellous lovely majestic crowded narrow elegant luxurious spectacular watch out 5. Complete the sentences with adjectives from Exercises 3 and 4. There may be more than one correct answer. Do not use the same adjective twice. 1. This is one of the most views in Granada. 2. The skyscrapers seemed to touch the sky. 3. We visited the Greek temple at Delphi. 4. We couldn t afford to stay at that resort. 5. She lives in a neighbourhood full of old homes. 6. The centre of town is always quite on Saturday night. 7. The architecture of a Gothic cathedral can be absolutely. 8. Liverpool s stadium is a structure that can hold about 45,000 people. adjective ORDER When using two or more adjectives, we write them in the following order: opinion size age shape colour origin material a small, old building peaceful Superlative adjectives come before the noun: This is the most spectacular view in Toledo. 3 NOT This is the view most spectacular in Toledo. 7 a large, modern, glass skyscraper 6. Add the adjectives in brackets to each sentence. Use correct adjective order. 1. Our library is a/an building. (concrete / modern / ugly) 2. The Colosseum is a/an stadium. (Roman / ancient / huge) 3. Her office is in a skyscraper. (glass / black / tall) 4. The two parts of the city are connected by a bridge. (spectacular / steel / new) 5. Eiffel built a/an structure. (A-shaped / iron / modern) Your Task Write a description of a place. Use words. WRITING Your description 1. Brainstorm your description. Think of places that you have visited. Decide on a place that is interesting or special in some way. You may want to use the Internet to find out facts about it. Think about the following questions. Choose the points that are relevant to your essay. - Where is the place? - When was it built? - What does it look like? - What is special or interesting about it? - What can you do there? - What is the atmosphere like? - What impression does it give the visitor? - What is your opinion of the place? - Do you recommend that people visit it? 2. Organise your ideas. Use the model on page 50 and the plan below to help you. Plan Opening: Give the name and location of the place and one or two details. Say what is special or interesting about it. Body: Describe the place in more detail and give examples of the things you can see or do there. Closing: Write a concluding sentence and give an opinion or recommendation. 3. Write a first draft. 4. Use the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft. Checklist I followed the plan for a description of a place. I used a variety of adjectives to describe the place. I followed the rules for adjective order. I checked grammar, spelling and punctuation. Unit 4 50 Writing Guide, page

7 life skills internet research You are going to learn some strategies for finding information on the Internet. Look at the website screens and answer the Task Questions below. Screen A a type your search b Amazing Bridges in Europe Bridges are great structures and represent spectacular architectural achievements. In Europe, there are... amazing-bridges-in-europe.edu - 56k - Cached c Screen B d TIP The cached version is a photograph of the web page, so if the site link doesn t work, the link to the cached version might still work. Stonehenge stonehenge Investigations over the last 100 years have revealed that Stonehenge was built in several stages from BC. It seems to have been designed to k - Cached Stonehenge, England Your guide to Stonehenge, shops, other ancient sites and stone circles in Britain, with practical information to make your visit easier k - Cached Task Questions 1. When you do an information search on the Internet, it s important to use good search words. If you wanted to find out about bridges in Europe, which search words below would find the best results? Which are too general? Which are too specific? bridges bridges europe millau bridge france Remember there is no need to use capital letters or include words like of, to and the in your search words. 2. It s important to understand the elements of a search result. Look at Screen A and match letters a-d to the correct labels below. 1. name of the website 3. size of the website 2. address of the website 4. part of the text with your search terms in bold 3. David has done a search for Stonehenge. Look at the two results on Screen B. Which website will give him historical facts? Which one would be better for a tourist planning to go to Stonehenge? USE Your Skills Use the Internet to research a building anywhere in the world. Find out: where the building is what it looks like its history why it is special or important Present your information to the class. 52