THE ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS FOUND IN FAST AND FURIOUS 7 MOVIE AND ITS APPLICATION IN TEACHING READING AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

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1 1 THE ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS FOUND IN FAST AND FURIOUS 7 MOVIE AND ITS APPLICATION IN TEACHING READING AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL A THESIS Submitted to the English Education Program Teacher Training and Education Faculty Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree By RIZAL ZULFIKAR HAKIM ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF PURWOREJO 2017 i

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4 4 STATEMENT The student who gives signature below: Name : Rizal Zulfikar Hakim NIM : Faculty Department Title : Teacher Training and Education Faculty : English Education Program : The Analysis of Deixis Found in Fast and Furious 7 Movie and Its Application in Teaching Reading at the Eleventh Grade of Vocational High School. Declare that this thesis entitled The Analysis of Deixis Found in Fast and Furious 7 Movie and its Application in Teaching Reading at the Eleventh Grade of Vocational High School is really my own work and the content of the thesis is not written by someone else except in certain part that have been taken as reference. If this statement is untrue, it fully becomes my responsibility. Purworejo, 13 Januari 2017 The researcher, Rizal Zulfikar Hakim iv

5 5 MOTTOS Man Jadda Wa Jadda (Whoever is sincere then it can he) Man Shobaro Zafiro (Whoever is patient it will be lucky he) Man Saaro Alaa Darbi Washola (Whoever is running on the track, it will be he arrived) v

6 6 DEDICATION With gratitude and love, this thesis is dedicate to : 1. My beloved father Karmo, S.H. and my beloved mother Naning Syarifah Hakim, S.Ag. Who always give me strong and everlasting love and I am so lucky and proud being your daughter. Thanks for your prayer and supports that you given to me to be a success that is everything for me. I love you all so much. 2. My beloved brother Rizky Rachman Hakim, S.H and My beloved sister Najwa Fauzia Hakim. Thanks for all the things for me in any situation and condition and thanks for your support and prayer. I love you all. 3. My beloved uncle Agung Budi Raharjo, S.Pd. and my beloved aunt Iin Latifah Hakim, S,Pd. Thanks for all thing for me in your support, advice, and motivation, so I can to finish this thesis. I love you. 4. My beloved (Alm) Ngaliman Hakim, B.A and Cholifah, A. Md. Thank you for your prayer and support. 5. My advisor, Mrs. Zulia Chasanah, S.S, M.Pd. and Mr. Dr. Sudar, M.Pd. thanks a lot for your guidance, patient, and support. 6. My Special someone Halimatussa diyah, S.E. Thanks your prayer and support. so I can to finish this thesis. I love you. vi

7 7 7. My best friend Wisnu Aji G, Ridwan Agung G, Deni Dwi S, Maryuli N, Brammahtya S, Widi Alam P, Yanuar I, Rifai F. and all crew of Purworejo Mandiri Bersatu Rescue. Thanks your support. I will miss you guys. 8. All my staff in Resimen Mahasiswa Batalyon 939 Cakar Elang. Thanks your support. I will miss you guys. 9. All my classmates F class. Thanks for everything that you given to me, I will miss you guys. I love you. 10. All my friend, lectures and the administration staff in English Department of Muhammadiyah Universty of Purworejo. Thank your support. vii

8 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillahirobbil alamin, is the first word that the researcher can say to express the gratitude to Alloh SWT who gives the researcher strength, guidance, blessings, and ability in finishing this thesis. This thesis was written to fulfill a requirement for obtaining the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree for the English Department of Teacher Training and Education Sciences Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo. In this opportunity, the researcher appreciates greatly to those who have given valuable suggestion and guidance in completing this thesis, particularly the researcher would like to thanks to: 1. Drs. H. Supriyono, M. Pd., as the Rector of Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo. 2. Yuli Widiyono, M. Pd., as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo. 3. Sri Widodo, S. S., M. Hum., as the Head of English Education Program of Teacher Training and Education Sciences Faculty Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo. viii

9 9 4. Zulia Chasanah, S. S., M. Pd. and Dr. Sudar, M. Pd., as consultant who has given encouragement, advice, suggestions for the improvement of this thesis. Thanks for his willingness to share his knowledge, time and invaluable guidance during the writing process of this thesis in order to make this thesis better. 5. All of the lecturers of English Program, thanks for their guidance during the completion of this research, and also all the staffs. 6. My dad and mother who have provided the researcher a great deal of encouragement during my study at Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo. This thesis of course is far from being perfect. However, the researcher hopes that this work can give valuable contributions to the researcher himself, the institution, English Education Program, and all readers especially those who are interested in teaching-learning of English. Thus, he welcomes warmly of correction, critics, and comments for the next better research. Purworejo, 13 January 2017 The researcher ix

10 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title... Approval Sheet... Ratification Sheet... Statement... Motto... Dedication... Acknowledgements... Table of Contents... List of Tables... List of Appendices... Abstract... i ii iii iv v vi viii x xii xiii xiv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study... 1 B. Identification of the Proplem... 3 C. Limitation of the Problem... 4 D. Statement of Problem... 4 E. Objective of the Study... 5 F. Significant of the Study... 5 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Theoretical Review Pragmatics Deixis Movie Fast and Furious B. Teaching Reading C. Previous Studies CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Types of Research B. Source of Data C. Instrument of Research D. Units of Analysis E. Technique of Collecting the Data F. Technique of Coding the Data G. Technique of Analyzing the Data CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Data Description B. Data Analysis C. Discussion x

11 11 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion B. Suggestion REFERENCES APPENDICES xi

12 12 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Kind of Deixis Table 2. Person Deixis Table 3. Place Deixis Table 4. Time Deixis Table 5. Discourse Deixis Table 6. Social Deixis xii

13 13 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1. Appendix 2. Appendix 3. Appendix 4. Appendix 5. Syllabus Lesson Plan Movie Script Decre of Thesis Consultant Consultant Log xiii

14 14 ABSTRACT Rizal Zulfikar Hakim The Analysis Of Deixis Found In Fast and Furious 7 Movie And its Application in Teaching Reading at the Eleventh Grade of Vocational High School. A Thesis. English Education Program of Teacher Training and Educational Sciences Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo. This research intended to analyze deixis used in the sentences of the movie script of Fast and Furious 7 movie. Based on the problem statement, the objective of this study are: to find out kind of deixis in Fast and Furious 7 movie and to describe the application of deixis in Fast and Furious 7 movie in teaching reading. The data of this study were taken from the sentences contained deixis in conversation of movie script. The instrument of the research was the researcher. The researcher collected the data with five steps, first, the researcher finding and download the movie. Second, the researcher watch and listen that movie. Third, the researcher read the movie script. Fourth, the researcher finding the data. Fifth, The researcher identifies the deixis in the movie script. This study used descriptive qualitative design because the researcher would like to describe deixis found in movie script of Fast and Furious 7 movie. The result shows that the types of deixis on Fast and Furious 7 movie as the follow it, the total number of deixis is 1807 word or 100%. The clarification of the deixis are: person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis and social deixis. The percentage every types: 1).person deixis is 1301 or 71,97%, 2).place deixis is 94 or 5,21%, 3).time deixis is 63 or 3,49%, 4).discourse deixis is 327 or 18,12%, and 5).social deixis is 22 or 1,21%. The result of deixis clarification can be use for teaching reading skill. Keywords: Deixis, Movie, Teaching Reading, Script xiv

15 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the researcher wants tp present the background of the study, identification of the problem, limitation of the problem, statement of the problem, and objective of the study. A. Background of the Study Language is a mean of communication. All people in the world have one language or more to communicate to one another. It serves the purpose of communication with our fellow-men, and without it no coordinated activity is possible. Without language, we tend to lose some of our human qualities and sink to the level of animal. Language is a system of sound and words to express one s personal reactions, emotions and thought as well as to share information in daily social life. Language is meaningfull, when the meaning is conveyed through language, people use language to interact and establish relations, to influence their behavior and express than expressions of the word. The instrument for communication by human being is language. It has the function to make relation, getting information and cooperate with other people. In the world there are many languages used, one of them is English. English is one of the most important international language for 1

16 2 communication. English is used in many countries because it plays important role in the international world communication. English language have many material. The material consist is reading, listening, writing, speaking, etc. In English lesson also have material about language especially pragmatic. And in pragmatic lesson have some material, one of the material is deixis. Pragmatic is a subfield of linguistics and semiotics that studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. Pragmatics encompasses speech act theory, conversational implicature, talk in interaction and other approaches to language behavior in philosophy, sociology, linguistics and anthropology. A deixis is a word or phrase (such as this, that, these, those, now, then) that points to the time, place, or situation in which a speaker is speaking. Deixis is expressed in English by way of personal pronouns, demonstratives and tense. In this era, the development of language is very fast. Language not only for daily communication. Now many teacher or student using some the media as to learn such as using song, comic, newspaper, magazine, movie, drama or show in television. In this research, the researcher using movie to analysis of pragmatic material especially deixis material. Language has also become very important in a story, because the language of the content or message from a movie can be delivered. A movie can be good if the message or the content from a movie can be conveyed properly to the audiences. The goal is to make people who watch happy and get inspiration.

17 3 Based on the statement above, the researcher took the title : The Analysis Of Deixis Found in Fast And Furious 7 Movie By James Wan and its Application in Teaching Reading at the Eleventh Grade of Vocational High School to help the researcher analysis there kind of deixis there are person deixis, place deixis and time deixis. B. Identification of the Problem In short, this thesis which primarily deals with the analysis of Deixis in Fast and Furious 7 movie is chosen for the following reasons : 1. Deixis is part of English component that should be well understood by English learners. 2. Deixis has appear in many context such as, person (you), place (here) and time (this evening), all the context related with grammar material, So it is important to understand deixis material in learning English. 3. Many the students didn t know about deixis material and to introduce that material for students. 4. When watch a movie, English learners are often confused with the meaning of deixis material. 5. The researcher wants to show the readers that deixis material applicable in Fast and Furious 7 movie and help the readers who as a teacher to teach deixis material which also applicable in teaching reading.

18 4 C. Limitation of the Problem According Yule (1996:4) Pragmatic is the study of the relationship between linguistic forms and the users of those forms. In pragmatic have many some material, they are such as Syntax, Deixis and distance, reference and inference, speech act, politeness etc. In this research, the researcher just focus analysis using deixis material. According Yule (1996:9) Deixis is a technical term (form Greek) for one of the most basic things we do with utterences. They are many interesting things that can be analyzed in the movie such as theme, plot, character, background, and language style. In this thesis the researcher will discuss the theory of deixis and kinds of deixis mostly used in Fast and Furious 7 by James Wan. D. Statement of the Problem Based on the description of the background of the study above, the problems that can stated are : 1. What kinds of deixis are found in Fast and Furious 7 movie by James Wan? 2. How is the application of deixis in Fast and Furious 7 movie by James Wan in teaching reading.

19 5 E. Objective of the Study Based on the statement of the problem above, the objectives of the study are: 1. To find out kind of deixis in Fast and Furious 7 movie by James Wan. 2. To describe the application of deixis in Fast and Furious 7 movie by James Wan in teaching reading. F. Significance of the Study The result of this research will hopefully be useful for many people expecially for those who are closely related to English education. The significant of the study is stated as follow : 1. Teacher The researcher hopes that the teacher will develop quality in teaching deixis. Base on movie the teacher will find more approach of study in the class. 2. Students The researcher hope to the student, the student will more motive to increase their English ability in material pragmatic especially deixis and this material as introduce to the student. 3. The researcher The researcher is too see kinds of deixis from this movie. The researcher can improve this thesis more. By watching this movie, they may get personal enjoyment, pleasure and inspiration.

20 6 4. The reader The researcher hopes this thesis can make the reader understand about this movie, the movie can give us good message, give inspiration and the reader know the definition of deixis and kinds of deixis from this thesis.

21 7 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents a review of the literature related to the problem of the study. It consist is previous study, theoretical of pragmatic, theoretical of deixis, theoretical of movie, about the movie and the contribution deixis in teaching reading. A. Theoretical Review 1. Pragmatics a. Definition Pragmatics is the study about relationship between form of linguistics and the user of it. According to Yule (1996:3) pragmatic is the study of speaker meaning. It concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by listener (or reader). Pragmatic is the study of contextual meaning. It requires a consideration of how speakers organize what they want to say in accordance with who they are talking to, where, when, and under what circumstances. Pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated than is said. This type of study explores how a great deal of what is unsaid is recognized as part of what is communicated. Pragmatic is the study of the expression of relative distance. This 7

22 8 perspective then raises the question of what determines the choice between the said and unsaid. Pragmatic is concerned with natural language meaning, and more specially with how natural language becomes meaningful in context. More practically, pragmatic is often concerned with aspect of meaning which result in some clear way from contextual information. For example so-called deictic expression like here, there, or she are particular good examples for role of context for the establishment of meaning. According to Levinson (2008:21) pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language and context, which is a basis in understanding the meaning language. Refers to this statement pragmatic is the study of the aspect of the relationship between language and context that are relevant to the writing grammar. It is dealing with language use and the relationship between language form and language uses. Besides that, pragmatics is the study of the ability of language users to pair sentences with the contexts in which they would be appropriate. A truly pragmatic consideration has to deal with the users in their social context it cannot limit itself to the grammatically encoded aspects of contexts, as the grammaticalization requirement seems to imply. Pragmatics studies the use of language in human communication as determined by the condition of society. Having

23 9 propounded this definition, our next task will be to look into what characterizes pragmatics in relation to its closest neighbors. To define means to impose an and or a boundary. Defining pragmatic thus implies determining its frontiers with other, adjoining field of research within linguistic. (Mey 2001: 6) According to Jenny Thomas (1995), pragmatics is a relatively new area of linguistics and until recently there were no introductory texts available. Now, in response to the growing interest in the field in colleges and universities, a number of introductory books have appeared, each somewhat different in orientation. According to Patrick Griffiths (2006:1) Pragmatics is concerned with the use of these tools in meaningful communication. Pragmatics is about the interaction of semantic knowledge with our knowledge of the world, taking into account contexts of use. b. Scope of Pragmatic Contemporary linguistic pragmatics is focused on a number of special relations between linguistic meaning and context. On the narrower scope for pragmatics, concerned with context-dependent meaning, the following topics have come to be central: deixis, presupposition, speech acts, implicature, and conversational inference, which are discussed briefly in turn.

24 10 Pragmatics was the study of aspects of language that required reference to the users of the language then led to a very natural, further restriction of the term in analytical philosophy. For there is one aspect of natural languages that indubitably requires such reference, namely the study deictic or indexical words like the pronouns I and you. The philosophical and especially logical, interest in these terms in simply that they account for the potential failure of generally valid schemes of reasoning. The distinct usages of term pragmatics have sprung from morris s original division of semiotics : the study of the huge range of psychological and sociological phenomena involved in sign system in general or in language in particular :or the study of certain abstract concepts that make reference to agent : or finally the recent usage within Anglo-American linguistics and philosophy. c. Deixis According to Yule (1996:9) Deixis is a technical term (from Greek) for one of the most basic things we do with utterance. Deixis is a word which its reference always moves or change depending on the context. It is also stated that deixis is a part of pragmatics that has connection with certain word or sentence that change because of the context. The basic grammatical distinctions here are the categories of first, second, and third person. First person

25 11 include I, my, myself, mine and, me. Second person include you and third person includes she, he, and it. Based on the material above, the researcher can conclude that, pragmatic refers to the social language skill using in our daily interactions with the other. Pragmatic include what we say, how we say it, our body language and whether it is appropriate to the given situation. Pragmatic skills are vital for communicating our personal thoughts, ideas and feelings in communication. 2. Deixis a. Definition Deixis, derived from the Greek for pointing, relates to those aspects of language which anchor the utterance or discourse in a particular situation or contextual word. According to Yule (1996:9) states deixis is clearly a form of referring that is tied to the speaker s context, with the most basic distinctions between deictic expression being near speaker versus away from speaker. In English, the near speaker, or proximal, are the word this, here, and now. Furthermore, the away from speaker, or distal terms, are the word that, there and then. In additions Cruse (2006:44) defines that deictic expression form a subtype of definite referring expression. They can be loosely thought of as expressions which point to their referents. Usage of

26 12 term deixis is variable, but most typically it designates referring expressions which indicate the location of referent along certain dimensions, using the speaker (and time and place of speaking) as a reference point or deictic centre (this type of deixis is sometimes described as egocentric ). Suitable white cruse we can conclude that deixis signifies different things to different people. Furthermore, Finegan (2004:193) says that the deixis comes from the Greek adjective deiktikos meaning pointing, indicative. Deixis is the marking of the orientation or position of entities and events with respect to certain points of reference. In addition Horn and Ward (2006:99-100) The question is: what exactly corresponds in thought to the content of a deictically anchored sentence? For example, what exactly do I remember when I remember the content of an indexical utterance? Suppose I say, sweating it out in Clinton Hall at UCLA, (1) It s warm here now. and suppose the corresponding thought is just plain It s warm here now. When I recollect that thought walking in Murmansk in February, I will then be thinking something false, something that does not correspond to the rival Murmansk thought, namely It s bone-chilling cold here now. So in some way the sentence meaning with its deictics must be

27 13 translated into a deictic less UCLA-specific thought. A candidate would be: (2) It be warm (over 30 C) at 3.00 p.m. on July 6, 2001 in room 327 in Clinton Hall on the UCLA campus. Then when I inspect this thought in Murmansk in February it will look just as true as it did on July 6, 2001 in Clinton Hall. But unfortunately, this doesn t seem to correspond to the psychological reality at all that s just not what I thought! I might not even know the name of the building, let alone the room number, and perhaps I have failed to adjust my watch for jet lag and so think it is July 7. So we cannot cash out indexicals into absolute space/time coordinates and retain the subjective content of the thought corresponding to the utterance(1). According Levinson (2008:54) The single most obvious way in which the relationship between language and context is reflected in the structure of language themselves, is through the phenomenon of deixis. The term is borrowed from the Greek word for pointing or indicating, and has as prototypical or focal exemplars the use of demonstratives first, and second person pronouns, tense, specific time and place adverbs like now and here and a variety of other grammatical features tied directly to the circumstances of utterance.

28 14 b. The Kind of Deixis The traditional categories of deixis are person, place and time. Person deixis concern the encoding of the rule participants in the speech event in which the utterance in question is delivered. Place deixis concern the encoding of spatial locations relative to the location of the participants in the speech event. Time deixis concern the encoding of temporal points and spans relative to the time at which an utterance was spoken. To these traditional categories, we should now add discourse deixis and social deixis. Discourse deixis has to do with the encoding of reference to portions of the unfolding discourse in which the utterance is located. Social deixis concerns the encoding of social distinctions that are relevant to participant roles. Particularly aspect of the social relationship holding between speaker and address or speaker and some referent. (Levinson 2008 : 62-63) 1. Person Deixis Person deixis is a word that has functions as personal pronoun. Person deixis is encoded in pronouns; I for the speaker, you for the addressee, he, she, it, we, they, for others. Person deixis related with personal pronoun, if its reference which is used appropriate with the context is being used. As stated by levinson (2008:62), personal deixis concerns the encoding of the role of participants in speech event in which the utterance in

29 15 question is delivering. The category of personal divided into three : the category first person is the grammaticalization of the speaker s reference himself, second person the encoding of the speaker s reference to one or more addresses. Third persons encode of reference to person and entities that are neither speakers nor addresses of the utterance in question. Personal deixis is an utterance that uses a personal pronoun to refer to him or to refer to who is as hearer (I, you, and they). Reference pointed by personal pronoun keeps changing based on the character brought by participant role. A person who speaks gets a role as a first person. If he or she does not speak again, then to be a listener, he or she changes into a second person. A person who does not present in speech event or close with the place of conversation is called third person (Yule, 1996:10). The basic grammatical distinctions here are the categories of first, second and third person. First person include I, my, myself, mine and me. Second person include you and third person includes she, he and it. A person who speaks gets a role as a first person and the hearer as a second person. And the person or thing being spoken of called the third person. The use of personal deixis is so pervasive in natural language both oral and written. Its aim is to make the interpretation process

30 16 of some word that the referent always changes becomes easier. If it is not used, it will be satiation to the reader or hearer. However, it might appear to the reader or the hearer some misunderstanding of the personal deixis. They will find it is difficult to interpret whom is uttering or to whom the utterance is uttered. Example of Person Deixis : - She Writes a letter - Could you help me, please! - I ve made an appointment with them. - She went to office - See you tomorrow 2. Place Deixis According to Levinsson (2008:62) place deixis concerns the encoding of spatial locations relative to the location of the participants in the speech. Place or location can be deixis if that place or location is being seeing from the location of the people who are doing communication in language use in speech event. Place deixis deals with proximal (close to speaker) or distal (close to addressee) dimension. Place deixis can be seen from the use of demonstrative pronouns such as: this and that, and also can be seen from

31 17 demonstrative adverbs of place such as: here and there. The spatial location is relative to speaker s location. It can be proximal (close to the speaker) or distal (away from speaker). Adverb of place here means proximal or close to the speaker s location. And there means distal or away from the speaker s location. The word there also can be proximal to addressee of speech act. While, demonstrative pronoun this can mean an object close to the speaker s location. Then, that means the object is far away to the speaker s location speech event. The form these and those are plural forms of this and that that have the same concept. Based on definition above, place deixis is the words refer to the location of speech event, and deal with the distance either proximal or distal of speaker s location. Example of Place Deixis - Give that here and take this their. - Place it here. - Bring that here and take this there. - How are things there? - The cat is behind the car. 3. Time Deixis Like all aspect of deixis, time deixis make ultimate reference to participant role. According to Levinson (2008:62) time deixis is

32 18 commonly grammaticalized in deictic adverb of time like now, and then, yesterday and this years. The basic for the system of reckoning and measuring time in most languages seem to be natural and prominent styles of day and night, lunar months, seasons and year. They can be used calendrically to locate event in absolute time or at least to some art of each natural cycle designate as the beginning of that cycle. Time deixis concerns the encoding of temporal points and spans relative to the time at which an utterance was spoken (or a written message inscribed) In Buhler s origo, the temporal ground zero is the moment at which the utterance is issued. Hence now means some span of time including the moment of utterance, today means that diurnal span in which the speaking event takes place, and is predicates a property that holds at the time of speaking. Similarly we count backwards from coding time in calendrical units in such expressions as yesterday or three years ago, or forwards in tomorrow or next Thursday. (Horn and Ward 2006:114). Example of Time Deixis - Tomorrow is my birthday. - Do this work now! - Pull the trigger now! - I was just a kid then. - I II see you on Thursday.

33 19 4. Discourse Deixis Discourse analysis covers the activities that focus on language, which is spoken or written. The analysis of discourse is the analysis of language in use (Brown and Yule, 1983:1). From the definition, we can make an assumption that discourse means that language in use for communication is society and can be in the form of spoken and written. Then they said that discourse emphasizes on the study of language in social context. In short, the language that is used is existed and used in social community. Hence, we can make a conclusion that discourse analysis is the relation of language and context used for social communication. In advertisement as the means to offer the product or service is the language in use in communicating idea which is its meaning contextually depends on the users. Discourse deixis has to do with the encoding of reference to portions of the unfolding discourse in which the utterance (which includes the text referring expression) is located (Levinson, 2008:62). Discourse deixis, some how, is often compared to anaphora. However, discourse deixis and anaphora is quite different since discourse deixis is located in a pronoun which refers to a linguistics expression or part of discourse itself, while anaphora is located in a pronoun which refers to the same entity as a prior linguistics expression refers to

34 20 (Levinson, 2008:86). Instances example of discourse are the use of that and this in the following, 1. A: That s An apple B: Give it to me 2. Mother is in the kitchen, she cooks fried rice. The example above (1) is an example of discourse deixis. There, the word it is not functioned to refer the apple, but it is used to mention the apple itself. It is different from the concept of anaphora in (2) where she is functioned to refer the referent Mother. However, discourse deixis is not showing proximal or distal, like place deixis does, but it is more like showing the token-reflexivity of a sentence. A Word can be said as discourse deixis if that word refers to certain part of that text. According to Levinson (2008:85), discourse deixis use of expression with some utterance to refer to some portion of the discourse that contain the utterance (including the use of the utterance itself). It is where reference is being made to the current discourse. Example: That s a rhinoceros Spell it for me

35 21 It refers no to the referent, the beast itself, but to the word rhinoceros. Here it is not doing duty for a use of rhinoceros but rather for a mention of it. It is an example of token reflexivity discourse deixis, in which a word in utterance refers to the utterance itself. Example Discourse Deixis - I think you haven t know this film. - That was the funniest film I ve ever watched. - This sentence is not true. - I bet you haven t heard this story - That was the funniest story I ve ever heard Social Deixis According to Levinson (2008:63), social deixis is use to code social distinctions that are relative to the participant role in social relationship between speaker and addressee or speaker and some reference. While, Fillmore in Levinson (2008:89) states that deixis is concern with the aspect of sentence, reflect, establish or determined by certain realities of the social situation on which the speech act occurs. In summary, social deixis occurs in may aspect of language usage that depend on the relation (social relationship) but these

36 22 usage are only relevant to the topic of social deixis in so far as grammaticalized. Social deixis is concerned with the grammaticalization, or encoding in language structure of social information, while sociolinguistics is also, and perhaps primarily, concerned with issues of language usage (Levinson, 2008:93) According to (Levinson, 2008:93), Social deixis is thus concerned with the meaning and grammar of certain linguistic expressions, while sociolinguistics is also concerned, with how these items are actually used in concrete social contexts classified with reference to the parameters of the relevant social system Therefore, it can be concluded that deixis of the utterances is what the speaker means by a particular utterance which directly relates to person, time, place, social, and discourse. Example of Social Deixis - Mr for sir - Lady for girl - Miss for woman - Gentlemen for man - Boy for child or teenager Based on the material above, the researcher can conclude, therefore pragmatic have some material, there are deixis, speech act, illocution, presupposition etc. In this material discuss about

37 23 deixis especially, in deixis have five part of contain there are place deixis, time deixis, social deixis, person deixis and discourse deixis. Every part have characteristic and different meaning. So the reader or researcher must know that material one by one. 3. Movie a. Definition Film is a picture-life is also often called movie. Movies are collectively often referred to as cinema. Cinema itself derived from the word kinematics or motion. Film is also actually a fluid layers of cellulose, commonly known in the world of filmmakers as celluloid. A recording of moving images that tells a story and that people watch on a screen or television. The movies : a showing of a movie in a theater; also : a movie theater (Merriam Webster Dictionary) Based on pasal 1 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Number 33 year 2009 about the film say that, film is art and culture which is a social institution and mass communication media are made based on the rules of cinematography with or without sound and can be demonstrated. b. The Types of Movie 1. Action Action is the type of film containing a lot of dynamic movement of the actors and actresses in most scenes of the film, as

38 24 well as scenes of shootings, fights, chase chase, explosions, wars and others. 2. Adventure Adventure is a film that focuses on the type of a grooveladen adventure will be puzzles and challenges in various scenes film, war and more. 3. Animation Animation is a type animated cartoon films with different storylines. Usually this film genre has a sub genre almost equal to the major genres of non animated films.

39 25 4. Drama Drama is the type of film containing a groove which has a specific theme such as love, life, social, and more. 5. Horror Horror movies are the type that contains the mystical events and relate to events that creepy and scary as the lives of the film. 6. Romance Roman is the type of film that contains a love story.. 7. Mystery Mystery is the type of film is genre that revolves around the solution of a problem or a crime

40 26 Film is a medium of expression us that we pour in the film that could be witnessed both in the cinema, in VCD / DVD where there are works of art that can be to watch the audience a lot considering the positive values in the film. Fast and Furious 7 included action genre because in movie many do fighting, race car, and danger activity. 4. Fast and Furious 7 a. Description of Movie Directed the movie by James Wan. The Produced by Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel and Michael Fottrell. The Written by Chris Morgan. The Genre of movie is Action. MPAA Rating of movie is Teenager. Based on Characters is Gary Scott Thompson. The Starring of movie, they are Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris Bridges, Jordana Brewster, Djimon Hounsou, Kurt Russell and Jason Statham. The product music by Brian Tyler. Cinematography of movie is Stephen F. Windon and Marc Spicer. The edited of movie by Christian Wagner, Dylan Highsmith, Kirk Morri and Leigh Folsom Boyd. The production of

41 27 company is Original Film, One Race Films, Media Rights Capital, China Film and Relativity Media. The distributed of movie is Universal Pictures. The Release Dates of movie is April 1, 2015 (TCL Chinese Theatre) and April 3, 2015 (United States). The Running Time of movie is 137 minutes. The Country is United States. The Language of movie English. The Budget is $190 million. And the Box office $1.516 billion. b. Synopsis of Movie Because this is an ongoing series of films, of course, we all know, the movie Furious 7 will continue the story of the previous in the series, namely Fast & Furious 6. Acts previously tell where the head of the team named Dom (Vin Diesel) successful rescue his beloved Ortiz ( Michelle Rodriguez) out of the hands of the villain, Owen Shaw (Luke Evans). Dom success (Van Diesel) to save his girlfriend and beat Shaw (Luke Evans) actually creates new problems, it is true revenge will not solve a problem. However, without any rancor then an action film series will not be sustainable. Family is everything, perhaps the fact that the underlying nature of the actor who played Jason Statham. Feeling not accept the defeat received by his brother, Owen's sister, played by Jason Statham was getting revenge.

42 28 Movie 'Fast and Furious 7' is still with Dominic Toretto and Brian O'Conner implement the new mission, the rescue of a girl. Meanwhile, the girl who would be saved, played by Michelle Rodriguez. To prevent the story became disoriented, Screenwriter Chris Morgan decided to make a departure scene character Brian O'Connor (Paul Walker) From the script movie have include some words like adverb of time, adverb of place, subject etc. So, researcher interested to analysis the movie using deixis material. The researcher hope, the reader can know that, in Fast and Furious 7 movie especially movie script have many included about deixis material and the reader can know about the material. B. Teaching Reading In language learning and teaching, English learners are faced with two kinds of skills, they are receptive skills and productive skills. Receptive skill include listening and reading, while productive skills include writing and speaking. Reading is one of the important skills in learning language beside speaking, listening, and writing. Reading is the cognitive process of deriving meaning from written or printed text. According Harmer (2001:68) reading is useful for other purpose too: any exposure to English is good thing for language student. At the very least, some

43 29 of the language sticks in their mind as part of the process of language acquisition, and if the reading text is especially interesting and engaging, acquisition is likely to be event more successful. Reading texts also provide good models for English writing. When we teach the skill of writing, we will need to show students models of what we are encouraging them to do. Reading test also provide opportunities to study language: vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, and the way we construct sentences, paragraphs and text. In teaching reading Teachers may ask students to look at extracts from magazines, poems, Internet websites, novels, newspapers, plays and a wide range of other text genres. Intensive reading is usually accompanied by study activities. We may ask students to work out what kind of text they are reading, tease out details of meaning, look at particular uses of grammar and vocabulary, and then use the information in the text to move on to other learning activities. The important for students to study reading texts in class in order to find out such things as the way they use language, the number of paragraphs they contain and how many times they use relative clauses. But the meaning, the message of the text, is just as important as this. Based on explanation above, the researcher concludes that reading is a process to convey the message or information. By reading, the reader will know what they read and challenged to response the ideas of the author. In order to make the massages or information that comes from the author can be understood and comprehended easily by the reader.

44 30 C. Previous Studies In this thesis, the researcher takes from some previous thesis from the other thesis as the comparison, consideration, and inspiration. The researcher uses two thesis. They are, The first thesis conducted by Asri Ari Putri (2014); a thesis entitled The Analysis of Deixis in English Lyrics Song and its Application in Teaching Grammar on the Sixth Semester of English Department at Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo Academic Year 2013/2014. She used qualitative research to analysis the deixis on the lyrics of Mariah Carey s songs. The researcher analysis part of deixis, they are person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis and social deixis. The result by using qualitative analysis as technique of data analysis is the five types of deixis found in lyrics of Mariah Carey s songs, 125 person deixis (100%), 5 place deixis (100%), 9 time deixis (100%), 9 discourse diexis (100%) and 0 social deixis (0%). The second researcher conducted Dyah Paramartha Prabaningtyas (2014); a thesis entitled An Analysis of Deixis on the Prophets Stories in English Translation of Holy Qur an in Sura Al-Anbiya and its Contribution in Teaching Writing. She used descriptive qualitative research. She focused on analysis written text used in English translation of surah Al-Anbiya ayat 41 until ayat 91 by using deixis theory by levinson. The result from her analysis English translation of Holy Qur an in surah Al-Anbiya ayat 41 until ayat 91. There are 160 person deixis found (89,88%), 2 time deixis found (1,12%), 4

45 31 place deixis found (2,24%), no discourse found (0%), and 12 social deixis (6,74%). Based on the two previous studies above, it makes the researcher in this research to analysis using deixis material. The difference and similarity this thesis and previous studies, they are the difference in media or subject, this thesis use the movie media with title is Fast and Furious 7 and the previous study Dyah Paramartha Prabaningtyas using Holy Qur an in Surah Al-Anbiya and Asri Ari Putri using English Lyrics Song, so the all the thesis have a difference description. The similarity this thesis and previous studies is same analysis using deixis theory. However, in this research the researcher using movie media to get the data. Moreover, the researcher want to comprehend it more detailed all types of deixis such as person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse diexis and social deixis.

46 32 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter is consisting of research method. Research method is necessary to find the result of the research. This chapter includes about Types of Research, Source of Data, Instrument of the Study, Technique of Collecting the Data, Technique of Coding the Data, Technique of Analysis the Data. A. Types of Research In this part, the researcher would like to explain about the type of research that she uses. Sugiyono (2011: 13-14) defines types of research into two types. They are qualitative research and quantitative research. 1. Qualitative Research According to Bogdan and Bilken (Sugiyono, 2011:13) states that characteristics of qualitative research as follows: a. Qualitative research has the natural setting as the direct source of the data and researcher is the key instrument. b. Qualitative research is descriptive. The data collected is in the form of words of picture rather than number. c. Qualitative research is concerned with process rather than simply with outcomes or product. d. Qualitative research tends to analyze their data inductively. e. Meaning is of essential to the qualitative research. 32

47 33 2. Quantitative Research According to Erickson on Susan Stainback (Sugiyono, 2011:14) states that characteristics of quantitative research as follows: a. Intensive, long term participation in field setting. b. Careful recording of what happens in the setting by writing field notes and interview notes by collecting other kinds of documentary evidence. c. Analytical reflection on the documentary records obtained in the field. d. Reporting the result by means of detailed descriptions, direct quotes from interview, and interpretative commentary. Based on the information above, the researcher uses descriptive qualitative research in this research. In conducting this research, the researcher uses descriptive qualitative research because the researcher would like to describe the kind of deixis are used in Fast and Furious 7 Movie and to describe how teaching reading using the deixis that found in the movie. B. Source of Data In qualitative research we get data from many sources, using collecting data technique (triangulation). Miles and Huberman (Sugiyono, 2011:243) states that the most serious and central difficulty in the use of qualitative data is that method of analysis are not well formulate. Next, Susan states that there are no guidelines in qualitative research for determining how much data and data analysis are necessary to support and assertion,

48 34 conclusion, or theory. In this research, the primary source of this study is the Fast and Furious 7 Movie. C. Instrument of the Research The research instrument of this research is human instrument. Therefore, the research used himself as the key instrument of this research. To make the data easer to be analyzed, the research watching, listening, reading the script of movie to identify the data related to the purposes of the study. So, in this case, the research used himself is as the key instrument of collecting the data. According to Bogdan and Bilken (Sugiyono, 2011:13) states that qualitative research has the natural setting as the direct source of the data and researcher is the key instrument. D. Unit of Analysis There are many units of analysis to analyze. They are words, phrases, clauses, sentences and utterances. The researcher uses movie script of Fast and Furious 7 movie to analyze the deixis. The units of analysis of this study are words and phrases from Fast and Furious 7 movie script. E. Technique of Collecting the Data According to Sugiyono (2011:224) states that technique of collecting data is the strategies way in research, because the main purpose of the

49 35 research is getting the data. Without knowing the technique of collecting data, so the researcher will not get the data that complete data standard. Collecting data is the way of systematic and standard procedures of obtaining data. It is very important because by having valid the data, the researcher will produce a reliable analysis in collecting the data. The researcher gives technique of data collection and also conducted library research to get information about the interruptions in this show. The technique of data collection as follows: 1. Searching the movie The researcher search or download the movie from internet. 2. Watching the movie The researcher focuses and conceives the movie carefully. 3. Reading the script of movie The researcher read more to make it easier to get the data is valid. 4. Finding the data The researcher observes the data from the manuscript of the Fast and Furious 7 Movie. So that, the researcher can finds the data to be analyzed. 5. Clarification the word with the script The researcher clarification the word in the movie and the script of movie. F. Technique of Coding the Data To make the analysis is more effective, the researcher codes the data. The format that the researcher uses to code the data is: number/ speaker /codes

50 36 of type deixis and time. For example 1/Dom/PS,PL,TM,DC,SC/00:45:30. 1 refers to general number, Dom refers to the speaker that uttering the conversation, PS,PL,TM,DC,SC refers to type of deixis, and 00:45:30 refers to the time that the speaker say. The codes of deixis is PS refers to person of deixis, PL refers to place of deixis, TM refers to time of deixis, DC refers to discourse of deixis and SC refers to social of deixis. G. Technique of Analysing the Data After collecting the data, the researcher has to determine some steps that will be used to analyze them. Analysis includes working with data. Content analysis is a procedure for categorization of data, for the purpose of classification and referring to the research problems and the content analysis. According to Bogdan (Sugiyono, 2011:244) states that data analysis is the process of systematically searching and arranging the interview transcripts, fieldnotes, and other materials that you accumulate to increase your own understanding of them to enable you to present what you have discovered to others. According to Susan Stainback (Sugiyono, 2011:244) states that Data analysis is critical to the qualitative research process. It is to recognition, study, and understanding of interrelationship and concept in your data that hypotheses and assertions can be developed and evaluated. Next, Spradley states that Analysis of any kind involves a way of thinking. It refers to the