FEEDBACK WILL BECOME AVAILABLE AFTER THE QUIZ CLOSES.

Transcription

1 LINGUISTICS 1, WEB QUIZ #3 1. LISTEMES AND RULES 2. ARBITRARY RELATION BETWEEN FORM AND MEANING 3. NAMES FOR THINGS 4. BOUND ROOTS 5. DERIVATION AND INFLECTION I 6. DERIVATION AND INFLECTION II 7. WORD STRUCTURE TREES 8. USING WORD STRUCTURE TO MAKE JOKES 9. MORPHOLOGY IN A LANGUAGE OTHER THAN ENGLISH 10. MORPHEME COMPATABILITY FEEDBACK WILL BECOME AVAILABLE AFTER THE QUIZ CLOSES. 1. LISTEMES AND RULES The following expressions can be classified as either: LISTEME or FORMED BY RULE. A LISTEME is an expression that would have to be learned as a specific item of English. An expression is FORMED BY RULE if you could create it and/or understand it without having previously encountered it simply by knowing the words and morphemes and the rules for putting words and sentences together. (The intended meaning of each expression is given below it in small type. Refer only to the meaning given there. Which one is FORMED BY RULE? a. nonalcoholic (containing no alcohol) b. nonchalant (giving the appearance being unconcerned) c. yellow jacket (a type of wasp with yellow and black stripes) d. boysenberry (a kind of small, red, hybrid fruit) e. My dad jumped down my throat. (my male parent got angry with me) 2. ARBITRARY RELATION BETWEEN FORM AND MEANING Below are five flags. A flag usually bears an ARBITRARY (= non-iconic) or NON- ARBITRARY (= iconic) relationship to the place it represents. Which ONE beow bears a NON-ARBITRARY relationship to the place it represents? a. FINLAND b. KOREA 1

2 Linguistics 1, Web Quiz 3 2 c. ANTARCTICA d. UNITED STATES e. ITALY 3. NAMES FOR THINGS Below are pictures of five types of "fasteners" for clothes with their respective names. WHICH ONE DOES NOT FIT? a. b c d e 4. BOUND ROOTS Words in English are often formed by a combination of roots and affixes. Out of the following words, which one has a BOUND ROOT MORPHEME? a. unwrap d. determined b. disparage e. None of the above have a bound root morpheme. c. augmentation

3 Linguistics 1, Web Quiz DERIVATION AND INFLECTION I In each of the following sentences, there is an affix (in red) that has been used incorrectly. The affix is either DERIVATIONAL or INFLECTIONAL. (See the bullet point Derivational and Inflectional processes in the course reader.) Which one is an example of an incorrectly used DERIVATIONAL affix? a. The car hit the pedestrian because he was walked against the signal. b. The candidate accused his opponent of accepting lavish gifts from a lobbier. c. The TV station has received some new informations on the car chase. d. The employee was praised because he was punctualing every day. e. The melodies lift the soul and haunts the mind. 6. DERIVATION AND INFLECTION II In each of the following sentences, there is an affix (in red) that has been used incorrectly. The affix is either DERIVATIONAL or INFLECTIONAL. Which one is an example of an incorrectly used INFLECTIONAL affix? a. The country works hard to nationize its citizens. b. In the loading report, try not to be unconsistent about alignment in the third column. c. Janet is more cleverer than me. d. Your arguments are OK as far as they go, but they need some refineness. e. The veterans wanted a large sculpture to symbolify their sacrifices. 7. WORD STRUCTURE TREES Which ONE of the following trees would be the correct structure for the word DRY CLEANER? a. b c d e

4 Linguistics 1, Web Quiz USING WORD STRUCTURE TO MAKE JOKES Each of the cartoons below bases its joke on an unexpected interpretation or use of word structure (or perhaps better, "listeme" structure). In which cartoon is the joke base on an unexpected use of a COMPOUND? a. b. c. d.

5 Linguistics 1, Web Quiz 3 5 e. 9. CLASSIFIYING TYPES OF MORPHOLOGY Here is an Argentinian cartoon featuring a little girl named Mafalda, followed by a morpheme-by-morpheme translation and a free translation into English. The numbers of the lines in the translations refer to the panels of the cartoon. Here are the abbreviations used in the morpheme-by-morpheme translation. Some affixes are translated with English affixes of equivalent meaning, for example, in cans-ancio 'weariness', -ancio is translated as English -ness, as in weariness.- 1sg. 3sg. f. imperf. first person singular 3rd person singular feminine imperfect ("was doing") inf. pl. pret. you-sg.do infinitive plural preterite ("past tense") you (singular) direct object (1) (Farmacia) pharmacy(f) a (2) Te cont-é que mi papá fu-é a-l b médico? you-sg.do tell-1sg.pret. that my daddy go-3sg.pret. to-the(m) doctor A-l to-the(m) médico? doctor (3) Sí, para v-er si le c recet-aba un-a-s píldora-s o algo Yes in order to see-inf. if to him prescribe-3sg.imperf. some-f-pl. pills or something contra su cans-ancio, d in-tranquil-idad, preocupacion, nervios-ismo, against his be weary-ness in-tranquil-ity worry(f) nervous-ism des-equilibrio y ansi-edad. from-equilibrium and anxi(ous)-ity e (4) Pero, según el médico, toda-vía no se invent-ó

6 Linguistics 1, Web Quiz 3 6 but according to the(m) doctor all-way ( still ) not reflex. invent-3sg.pret. nada contra l-a normal-idad. nothing against the-f. normal-ity Free translation: (1) (Passing a pharmacy.) (2) Did I tell you that my daddy had gone to the doctor? - To the doctor? (3) Yes, in order to see if he would prescribe him some pills or something against his weariness, intranquility, worry, nervousness, disequilibrium, and anxiety. (4) But according to the doctor nothing has yet been invented against normalness. In the morpheme-by-morpheme translation, there are five boxed expressions, labeled "a-e". WHICH ONE CONTAINS AN EXAMPLE OF a root plus a derivational morpheme? a. mi papa b. medico c. recet-aba d. in-tranquil-idad e. toda-via 10. MORPHEME COMPATABILITY English has several suffixes that give the meaning person who does..., person who has a status of.... The most frequently encountered suffix with this meaning is -er, as in teacher, voyager, islander. The table below shows examples of two more suffixes with meanings like this. As can be seen from the table, where one is used, the other cannot be used. Marking with an "*" means that the word is not a possible English word. assist assistant *assistist consult consultant *consultist descend descendant *descendist inhabit inhabitant *inhabitist serve servant *servist pure *purant purist elite future *elitant *futurant elitist futurist real *realant realist guitar *guitarant guitarist motor *motorant motorist pedicure *pedicurant pedicurist psalm *psalmant psalmist Which one of the following statements BEST explains why the words marked with asterisks are not possible English words? a. The starred words sound silly. b. The starred words cannot be found in a dictionary of English. c. The starred words use a suffix that is incompatible with the type of root that it is attached to.

7 Linguistics 1, Web Quiz 3 7 d. The starred words would convey a meaning different from the one intended by the acceptable words. e. The starred words would not convey any meaning to a speaker of English.