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1 Update Gateway? Ellie walked to school in her new shoes. "I like those," Megan whispered. "Cool." Ellie felt happy. Ellie She knew it was hard to get compliments from Megan and couldn't hide her smile. Ellie... Megan. Ellie. Megan. The two friends had desks side by side at the back. "Stop talking, you two," said Miss Smith. "'Bring your books to me if you've finished." Ellie followed Megan to the front of the class..,.. Smith. Ellie Megan. Ellie She always let Megan go first. She felt scared when Miss Smith was upset. Miss Smith noticed Ellie her new shoes. "Those aren't suitable for school" she said, her voice cold. Ellie took a deep breath. Megan. Smith. Smith..,. Ellie. The shop didn't have black shoes, Miss Smith," she said. Her voice came out in a whisper. "The school uniform requires black or dark blue shoes," said Miss Smith., Smith.... "Report to me in proper shoes, please. On Monday." Megan She used her quiet-shout voice and Ellie shivered... Smith. Ellie.

2 Update Exercises Jonathan Swift 0.? Even in his most severe dotage, Jonathan Swift.... seems to have retained some self-awareness, as told by his cousin Deane Swift., Deane Swift, Jonathan Swift. One day in mid-march 744, as Swift sat in his chair,... he reached towards a knife, but his housekeeper moved it away from him ,,. He shrugged his shoulders, rocked himself, and said, 'I am what I am, I am what I am'; some minutes later he repeated the same thing two or three times.,,... 2 About a fortnight afterwards, he tried to speak to his servant, whom he sometimes called by name. 2,. As he did not find ~ Not finding words to tell him what he meant, he showed some uneasiness and said, 'I am a fool'.,.. It was his last recorded words before he passed away.,. :,,, Jonathan Swift,. 2

3 Update ? I'll never forget visiting the home of a neighbor and watching him interact with his young three-year-old son.. He expected his son to display perfectly good manners to me, but he himself was very rude to s o n him. In the hour that I was there, he called his son a s o n "little liar" in an impatient voice and shamed him for not completing a task.,.,,. a neighbor He demanded that his son fetch him a glass of water and never said thank you. His son will probably son not grow up to be particularly respectful to his own family... He will most likely grow up displaying the same double standards with his children that he received from his own father, unless he works hard at reversing the poor mind-set that he has learned.,. 3

4 Update ? Albrechtsberger Beethoven With Haydn away in England, Beethoven began Beethoven his studies with the music theorist and composer Johann Georg Albrechtsberger three times a week. Haydn, Beethoven Johann Georg Albrechtsberger. Albrechtsberger mentioned that his new student was stubborn and tended to learn more through Albrechtsberger experience than through his instruction. Albrechtsberger. In this era the composition of music followed definite and strict rules; Beethoven preferred to ignore these traditional conventions or, at least, to bend them to Beethoven suit his own ideas., Beethoven,. Beethoven had learned the accepted musical formulas that his teachers followed, but he rejected the idea that these were rigid rules that could not be altered. Beethoven,. Albrechtsberger stressed attention to detail, and this made his pupil constantly strive to improve what he composed. Albrechtsberger,. 4

5 Update ? Robert Barker The Scottish painter Robert Barker was out sketching on Carlton Hill, Edinburgh. Robert Barker Edinburgh Carlton Hill. Barker He noticed a curious effect caused by the... prevailing atmospheric conditions: it was as if the entire view were contained within a cylinder.,. Inspired with the idea of reproducing this effect artistically, he made a model of a panorama and showed it to Sir Joshua Reynolds., Joshua Reynolds. The great artist was unbelieving. If Barker were able Barker to put his idea into practice, said Sir Joshua, he would get out of his bed in the middle of the night to see the outcome.. Joshua. Barker Barker persevered and set up his first panorama in a house in Leicester Square, London, not far from Sir Joshua's own residence. Reynolds carried Reynolds out his promise. He arrived to view the panorama wearing his dressing gown and slippers. Barker Joshua London Leicester Square. Reynolds.. 5