Emerson s The American Scholar : From Words to Instruments

Transcription

1 Emerson s The American Scholar : From Words to Instruments Emory Jacobs Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Keith Dippre Department of Music Statement from the Artist This musical composition was created by analyzing Emerson s speech titled The American Scholar. I converted each major passage or repeating subject and assigned it a small melody, or in more proper musical terms, a motive. Each time Emerson mentioned something in his speech, I translated that into notation: Whenever he mentioned books, in my piece the motive I assigned to books would play. Whenever he mentioned the duties of a scholar, the scholar motive would be notated. The instruments also each loosely represented an idea, such as the earthy-sounding bassoon being the instrument that first introduces the listener to the book motive. Other concepts such as Emerson s position for or against certain subjects were related to key. If Emerson was angry or disapproved of something, the motive would play in a minor key. If he talked about something for a very long time, I would stretch the motive out by several measures. If he mentioned two subjects at the same general time, both motives would play, but one would be made to sound louder or more obvious than the other. Techniques such as themes and variations were used here as well; if Emerson was repeating the same subject over and over, or was saying the same thing but with different wording, the motive would have a bit of variance. What I ended up with was something I did not actually expect. Out of precaution, I had created the various motives to be able to play simultaneously without creating a lot of dissonance, so that any subject could be mentioned with any other subject and transition into the next topic without much trouble. But I had especially made the religion motive and man motive sound, in my opinion, very complimentary to each other. Contrary to my expectation, those two motives never overlapped. Nor was the speech very organized in practice; it was meandering, with no overarching sections. Meanwhile, some motives were never overshadowed by others or were never in anything but a major key. These sorts of details became the meat of the project, as they offered the most intriguing avenues for interpretation of Emerson s intentions and beliefs. Ultimately, I tied these patterns to Emerson s personal belief system and his cultural upbringing. His ideas and beliefs at many times did translate musically. For 65

2 example, the nature motive never modulated into a minor key: Emerson viewed mankind s relationship to nature positively, and the popular Romantic movement heralded nature as a source of inspiration for man. In the same vein, the religion motive and the man motive never once crossed paths. Not only was religion so dominant at the time that many viewed the concept of God having some sort of influence on man as a foregone conclusion, but also Emerson believed that others should come to their own conclusions about spirituality. This speech in particular instructs how best to come to such conclusions and where to find inspiration; he was not there to tell the audience about his own conclusions, which explains why some possible relationships between topics were barely, if at all, explored. The oddities and patterns of the musical composition succeeded as simplifications of Emerson s personality and belief system. His ideals stayed intact, even when his words were stripped away and made into something else entirely. An audio recording is available at soundcloud.com/e-jacobs/emersons-score as well as through the online edition of the Monarch Review, volume two, at and at 66

3 Emerson: From Words To Instruments Oboe q=147 Page 1855 & b Emory Jacobs Bassoon b Piano Harpsichord Organ Scholar Motive & b Ÿ~~~~~~~~~ ^ ^ # J J b & b b q=147 J & b b 67

4 2 Ob. 5 b Hint to Man Motive J # # n b # J J J J j # 68

5 Ob. 9 Page b b Man Motive b # Scholar Motive J J j j j # Introduction of "Religion" instrument w w w 69

6 4 Ob. 13 & b # fff b Scholar Motive & b Ÿ J # J J # Œ Ó b n # & b b # b n nb # pp Ÿ Religion Subject J # # p mp 70

7 Ob. 17 & b 5 ff b Nature Motive mentioned & b b f Scholar Motive Mentioned j Πj & b b & b n b 71

8 6 Ob. 20 Nature Motive & b J J Πb & b b & b b b j Π72

9 Ob. 23 & b Ÿ # # Ó Building Negativity 7 b & b b Ó p # # "...and so, tyrannized over by its own unifying instinct, it goes on tying things together..." & b b n b # # n # n 73

10 8 Ob. 27 Ó Œ b nn Œ Nature Motive Variation Ó b Œ Œ Ó Ó mf b b # # # # Œ Ó n # n n # n # 74

11 Ob. 31 Nature Motive 9 b b Religious Motive 75

12 10 Ob. 35 j Œ Ó f mf mp (fade) ^ b Œ Ó b mf Religious Subject Restated in Major Key mp Œ Œ Ó b Œ Œ Œ Ó 76

13 Ob b & b Scholar Motive J ΠJ # Book Motive Religious Motive ٠b & b # mp Πp 77

14 12 Ob. 43 b # mf Ÿ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ w b w Ó < Ÿ>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ & b Ÿ~~~~ Ó # w Ÿ~~~~~ b Ó w # f The disadvantages of reading books # 78

15 Ob. 48 Page b Man Motive j J b Nature Motive Religion Motive # b Scholar Motive J Πmf 79

16 14 Ob. 52 q=120 b Book Motive Ó Œ ff...u Ó Œ Œ Œ J q=120 b j 80

17 Ob. 57 Page 1860 & b Man Subject J b mf 15 81

18 Ob & b b J # J f Switches Focus to Man f J Πff mf Returns Focus to Books 82

19 Ob. 65 q=130 q=135 Ó 17 b Ó b Religious Motive # # n Ó Scholar Motive Variation J b j q=130 q=135 83

20 18 Ob. 69 b b Nature Motive.. f f # b j # n Ÿ~~~~~~~~~~~~ b Ÿ~~~~ Ÿ~~~~~~~~~~~~ b b.. 84

21 Ob b b Ó b j n Ó b n Development of Ideas b j n pp ff 85

22 20 Ob. 77 b. b f & Nature Motive b Man Motive J 86

23 Ob. 81 rit. b (Transition and Mood Shift) rit. q=95 q=95 Reflective Material Œ J n j # & b j n Œ Ó U Œ Ó & b mf U Ó Œ J mp U 21 87

24 22 Ob. 85 Πj Closing Material J b b & b 4 b

25 Ob. 90 Œ Œ Ó 23 b Ó b Œ Œ Œ Œ Ó ppp Ó Ó & b b Œ Œ Ó mp Ó 89