2016/17 Education Concerts. Brett Mitchell Conducting

Transcription

1 2016/17 Education Concerts Brett Mitchell Conducting

2 Dear Teachers, Welcome to The Cleveland Orchestra s 2016/17 season of Education Concerts! In order to ensure everyone s comfort and enjoyment during the concert, we ask that you please follow these simple guidelines: Plan to arrive at the concert hall 30 minutes prior to concert time. The ushers seating your group will seat more than 2,000 students per concert, so ample time is required and appreciated. All concerts take place at Severance Hall and the Maltz Performing Arts Center. University Circle Police will be providing a letter outlining the designated Bus Route for Education Concerts at Severance Hall and the Maltz Performing Arts Center. Please make sure your transportation coordinator reviews this before getting on the road. School Group Leaders: (1) Have your Group Ticket ready which identifies your school and seat assignment; (2) Obtain a dismissal number (from Severance Hall bus greeters) which will be used during the Systematic Dismissal Process to ensure an orderly departure. We constantly refine the procedure based on your comments to make it faster and more efficient. No food, drink, gum chewing, cameras, audio or video equipment are allowed inside the concert hall. Have students visit the restrooms before the concert begins. This is extremely important. Since there is no intermission, it is not possible for students to visit the restrooms during the performance without disturbing others. If an emergency exists, please notify an usher. Students must be accompanied to restrooms by an adult. Chaperones are responsible for the conduct of their students and should plan to sit among the children rather than on the aisle or next to another adult. We recommend at least one chaperone for every students. Students should know in advance that they will be required to sit quietly in their seats for a fairly long time. Thank you for your cooperation! If you have questions about these or any other aspects of The Cleveland Orchestra s Education Concerts, please feel free to call the Orchestra s Education Department at (216) Enjoy the concert! Joan Katz Napoli Director, Education and Community Programs The Cleveland Orchestra Sandra Jones Manager, Education and Family Concerts The Cleveland Orchestra

3 Checklist to Prepare for Education Concerts The Cleveland Orchestra s Education De part ment provides schools with teaching tools to assist in preparing students for and enhancing their enjoyment of Education Concerts. The Score stu dent newspaper and Teacher s Guide are provided free to schools. Pass out The Score Student Newspa per The Score, a special newspaper for students attending Education Concerts, provides feature stories about the Orchestra, background information on com pos ers, plus Fan Mail (student let ters). Use the Spotify Playlists The Spotify Playlist of the concert music to be featured in Education Concerts pro vides a con ve nient way to fa mil iar ize stu dents with the con cert mu sic. To access resources online go to clevelandorchestra.com, click on Education & Community, then click on For Schools & Teachers. Scroll down to Classroom Resources for Educators. Go to Spotify anytime, for example, in the morn ing be fore class be gins, dur ing re cess or lunch, or while students are pack in g up to go home. Any ex po sure will help kids become familiar with the music and enjoy the concert more. Check out the Teaching Ideas and Orchestral Instruments This Teacher Guide includes repertoire-specific and curriculum-linked teaching ideas and classroom activities, plus a 5-page spread on the instruments of the orchestra. Surf the Web for Music Education Resources Here are a few sites that will be of interest menc.org, dsokids.com, nyphikids.org, car n egie hall.org/orc, clevelandorchestra.com. Reflection Section Language Arts Connection for Grades 3-5 Ask students to send Fan Letters to The Cleveland Orchestra describing their Education Concert experience. (Which piece of music did you like best? How did the music make you feel? What was your favorite instrument?) Visual Arts Connection for all grades After the concert, have students draw or paint a picture of what they saw (orchestra musicians, conductor, Severance Hall) or how the music made them feel. We often showcase student artwork in displays or in our publications. Writing Prompts For Middle and High School Students: Ask students to write their own music review of the Violins of Hope concert they attended. To help them reflect on the difference between fact writing and opinion writing pieces, they can analyze and compare the components and structure of a factual news story vs. a music review (visit for articles and reviews of the latest arts and culture events around Cleveland). Students should use the following guidelines when writing their review: Begin by stating their overall opinion of the performance Include basic event information (who, what, where, when, why of the concert) Identify reasons to support their opinion directly from their experience as an audience member Maintain an objective tone and coherently link reasons supporting their opinion Provide a concluding statement Send fan letters, music reviews and artwork, Including name, grade, and school to: The Cleveland Orchestra, Education & Community Programs Department, Severance Hall, Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio , Musical Arts Association. Pages may be photocopied by schools for educational use. 1

4 THE CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA Education Concerts for Grades 3-5 the Sounds of the Orchestra Brett mitchell November 1-4, 2016 The Cleveland Orchestra Brett Mitchell, conductor The Cleveland Orchestra and associate conductor Brett Mitchell will explore the unique traits of the four families of musical instruments that make up The Sounds of the Orchestra. Students will experience the distinctive sounds of the string, woodwinds, brass, and percussion sections, and will learn how composers weave these individual groups into diverse musical soundscapes. ALL SHAPES AND SIZES (full orchestra vs. chamber orchestra) STRAUSS Introduction from Also sprach Zarathustra MOZART Allegro from Eine kleine Nacthmusik (strings) Music in STEREO (polyphony) DUKAS Fanfare from La Péri DAUGHERTY MXYZPTLK from Metropolis Symphony Music from Afar (offstage) BERLIOZ Scené aux Champs from Symphonie fantastique BEETHOVEN Leonore Overture No. 3 AN ORCHESTRA OF SOLOISTS RAVEL Bolero (percussion) New SOUNDS for the CONCERT Hall (technology) BATES Mothership for orchestra & electronica 2 (With your user name on Spotify, search for cleveorcheducation or go to education-and-community/programs-for-schools-and-teachers/ and click on the link under Spotify) Please Note: Education Concerts are approximately one hour in length. Programs are subject to change. Due to time constraints, the musical selections played on Cleveland Orchestra Education Concerts are, in many cases, excerpts from larger works. It is our goal to present a wide range of classical music of the highest artistic quality for you and your students within the time parameters imposed. We encourage you to enjoy the full works with your students whenever possible. Happy listening!

5 CLASSROOM TEACHING IDEAS FOR GRADES 3-5 The Sounds of the Orchestra Listening Guide Below is a piece by piece listening guide to your Spotify playlist of concert selections (With your user name on Spotify, search for cleveorcheducation or go to and click on the link under Spotify) with questions to lead your class in guided listening and discussion of the music. Start by reading about the composers and their music in The Score student newspaper, and then follow up by listening to the music together. Introduction from Also Sprach Zarathustra Richard Strauss ( ) 1. Have you heard this music before? Where? What does it make you think of? 2. This is a piece for a very large orchestra. How many instruments do you think are playing? Which ones can you identify? Allegro from Eine Kleine Nachtmusik Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( ) 1. How does this music sound different from the last piece? Are there more or fewer instruments playing? What is the main family of instruments that you hear? 2. Eine Kleine Nachtmusik means A little night music in German. Does it sound like night to you? Why or why not? Fanfare from La Pèri Paul Dukas ( ) 1. Which instrument family of the orchestra do you hear? Which instruments are members of that family? 2. A fanfare often announces an important person or event. What do you think this fanfare might be announcing? MXYZPTLK from Metropolis Symphony Michael Daugherty (b. 1954) 1. Michael Daugherty s Metropolis Symphony is all about the character Superman. Where do you think the title comes from? 2. What is the first instrument you hear? How would you describe the shape of the sound? Scène aux Champs from Symphonie Fantastique Hector Berlioz ( ) 1. Scène aux Champs means scene in the field in French. What sounds do you hear that remind you of things in a field? What do you think the field looks like? 2. This piece begins with two instruments, the English horn and oboe, taking turns playing. Can you hear the moment when they start to play together? Leonore Overture No. 3 Ludwig van Beethoven ( ) 1. How does the trumpet you hear in this piece sound different from the trumpets in the Fanfare from La Pèri? 2. This music is from an opera that tells the story of a daring rescue. What character do you think the trumpet might represent? Bolero Maurice Ravel ( ) 1. Listen to the rhythm played by the snare drum at the very beginning of the piece. This rhythm continues throughout the entire piece, with more and more instruments joining in. Can you tap it on your thigh or desk along with the music, or play it on percussion instruments? 2. On top of the distinctive rhythm, two melodies are also heard throughout, and they too are passed among different instruments. See how many of the instruments you can hear and identify as they join in. 3. A bolero is a type of Spanish dance. What do you think a dance to this music might look like? Mothership for orchestra and electronica Mason Bates (b. 1977) 1. Why do you think this piece is called Mothership? Can you make up a story to go with the music? 2. Can you tell which sounds are the orchestra and which sounds are electronic? 3

6 CLASSROOM TEACHING IDEAS FOR GRADES 3-5 The Sounds of the Orchestra Activities: Sound All Around What s the Beats per Minute? This concert explores the different ways that the orchestra can fill our ears with sound. You can emulate these techniques as a group by using your voices, rhythm instruments, or band/orchestra instruments if you have them. Choose a song that everyone knows (Happy Birthday, Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star, etc.) and try singing/playing it in the following different ways. Then listen to the corresponding tracks to compare your version to the orchestra s. Full Orchestra vs. Chamber Orchestra: Have the whole class perform the song together, then divide into four groups and have each small group perform. Did each group sound the same? How did the small groups sound different from the whole class? (Corresponding pieces: Also Sprach Zarathustra and Eine Kleine Nachtmusik) In Stereo: Choose two individual students to stand on opposite sides of the room (the larger the space, the better) and have the rest of the class stand in the middle. On your cue, have the two students start performing the song while the rest of the class listens. How does it sound? For a more advanced variation, give the two students cues to start and stop singing/playing at different times. How does the sound change? (Corresponding piece: MXYZPTLK ) Build It Up: Have one student start singing or playing the song, then point to each student to join in one at a time until the whole class is performing. What did you hear? (Corresponding piece: Bolero) Add a Beat: Perform your song along with a variety of electronic accompaniment tracks (many websites have tracks you can play for free, like www. freesound.org). What do you have to change about the way you sing/play with each one? (Corresponding piece: Mothership) Online Resources Watch video clips from the New York City Ballet s recent staging of Mason Bates Mothership for eight dancers: Watch the opening of the film 2001: A Space Odyssey with the music from Also Sprach Zarathustra: Learn more about this concert s living composers through their personal websites and compare their lives and careers: Michael Daugherty Mason Bates Off-Stage: Have one student (or a small group) stand outside the classroom in a hallway or adjacent room. Assign the students in the hallway part of the song and students in the classroom the other (ex: students in hallway sing Twinkle, twinkle little star, then students in classroom sing how I wonder what you are ). Try singing back and forth. Was it difficult to stay together? (Corresponding pieces: Scène aux Champs and Leonore Overture No. 3) 4

7 CLASSROOM TEACHING IDEAS FOR GRADES 3-5 The Sounds of the Orchestra Curriculum Connections: Ohio s New Learning Standards MUSIC: GRADES 3-5 Perceiving/Knowing/Creating Listen to, identify, and respond to music of different composers, historical periods and world cultures Identify elements of music including tonality, dynamics, tempo and meter, using music vocabulary Describe the roles of musicians in various music settings Producing/Performing Follow and respond to the cues of a conductor Play a variety of classroom instruments with proper technique Sing, move and respond to music from world cultures and different composers Demonstrate appropriate audience etiquette at live performances Responding/Reflecting Explain how the elements and subject matter of music connect with disciplines outside the arts Notice and describe what they hear in selected pieces of music and compare their responses to those of others Explain personal preferences for specific musical selections using music vocabulary Describe the connection between emotion and music in selected musical works 5

8 THE CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA Education Concerts for Grades 6-12 VIOLINS of hope March 7-10, 2017 The Cleveland Orchestra Brett Mitchell, conductor FINZI PROKOFIEV SHOSTAKOVICH WILLIAMS BLOCH BRUCH ROSSINI Prelude Overture on Hebrew Themes Allegro molto from Chamber Symphony for String Orchestra Main Theme from Schindler s List Simchas Torah ( Rejoicing ) from Baal Shem Kol Nidrei Overture from La scala di seta ( The Silken Ladder ) You can break bodies. You can extinguish voices. You can even crush souls, temporarily. You cannot, however, silence music. Not with gas chambers. Not with firing squads. Not by means of starvation. Music always survives. On these Education Concerts, music and drama will combine to give us a powerful new lens through which to view the important role of music in Jewish life before, during and after the Holocaust. The violin was deeply embedded in Jewish culture for centuries before World War II, but during the Holocaust (i.e., the systematic persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazis) the violin played an extraordinary role in fostering Jewish survival and hope. For some Jews, the instrument was a liberator; for others, it was a savior that spared their lives. For many, the violin provided comfort during one of the darkest periods in history. The music on this concert was selected to convey the themes of Jewish spirit, resistance, resilience and hope. (With your user name on Spotify, search for cleveorcheducation or go towww.clevelandorchestra.com/ education-and-community/programs-for-schools-and-teachers/ and click on the link under Spotify) Please Note: Education Concerts are approximately one hour in length. Programs are subject to change. Due to time constraints, the musical selections played on Cleveland Orchestra Education Concerts are, in many cases, excerpts from larger works. It is our goal to present a wide range of classical music of the highest artistic quality for you and your students within the time parameters imposed. We encourage you to enjoy the full works with your students whenever possible. Happy listening! 6

9 CLASSROOM TEACHING IDEAS FOR GRADES 6-12 VIOLINS OF HOPE Listening Guide Below is a piece by piece listening guide to your Spotify playlist with questions to lead your class in guided listening and discussion of the music. Start by reading about the composers and their music in The Score student newspaper, and then follow up by listening to the music together. Finzi, Prelude 1. Instead of writing a distinct melody and harmony, this composer chose to create a landscape of sound, or a soundscape. Describe an imaginary landscape that you envision in your mind while listening to the piece, or draw or paint a scene inspired by the music. 2. This piece is meant to set the mood for the rest of the music on this concert. What kind of mood do you think this is setting up? Prokofiev, Overture on Hebrew Themes, Op Prokofiev used two melodies, based loosely on Jewish folksongs, throughout this piece, one more lively and dance-like, played primarily by the clarinet, and one more sustained and singing, introduced by the strings and horns. See if you can pick out each instance of these two melodies throughout the piece. How many times do you hear each one and in what order? Do you hear any variations, or slightly different versions, of the main melodies? What other instruments do you hear playing each melody? 2. Try conducting each contrasting melodic line as if you were directing a live orchestra. How would you change your conducting style when the melody changes? Shostakovich, Allegro molto from Chamber Symphony for String Orchestra, Op. 110a 1. How would you describe the style in which the strings are playing throughout the piece? 2. What emotions do you feel while listening to this piece? How are these emotions represented in the history of the Holocaust? 3. If you had to create a visual representation of the piece, what would it look like? What colors, shapes, or other artistic elements would you use? How would this visual representation compare to the one you created for the Finzi? Williams, Main Theme from Schindler s List 1. The movie Schindler s List tells the true story of Oskar Schindler, a German entrepreneur and Nazi party member who devised and successfully carried out a plan to save thousands of Jewish lives during the Holocaust. This piece from the movie soundtrack features a melody played by solo violin. Why do you think John Williams assigned a single violinist to play this melody? What emotions, people or events do you think the melody represents? 2. Later in the piece a countermelody, or a secondary melody, is played underneath the violin by several different wind instruments. What do you think these secondary melodies represent? Bloch, Simchas Torah ( Rejoicing ) from Baal Shem 1. How is the overall feel of this piece markedly different from all of the other pieces you ve heard so far? 2. Simchas Torah is a prayer read during a Jewish holiday that marks the end of the reading cycle of the Torah, or Jewish scripture, and the beginning of a new one. Discuss how musical elements such as rhythm, pitch, dynamics, tempo, instrumentation and overall style make this piece sound representative of a new beginning. 3. Dance is an integral part of many Jewish traditions. What do you think a dance to this music might look like? 7

10 CLASSROOM TEACHING IDEAS FOR GRADES 6-12 Bruch, Kol Nidrei, Op Meaning All Vows in Aramaic, Kol Nidrei is a chant recited at the beginning of the evening service of Yom Kippur, or The Day of Atonement. Based on the way the music sounds, do you think this is a joyful or a solemn holiday? Explain your answer. 2. The opening melody, played by the cello after a short orchestral introduction, is meant to sound like the sighs of the cantor reciting this chant. Describe how the melodic line achieves this effect. 3. The structure of the music is relatively simple. Try to map out the different melodies on the board or chart paper by assigning letters to each unique section. For example, every time you hear the sighing melody, assign that section the letter A. Assign different letters of the alphabet to different melodies. 4. Analyze the map that you just created: How many different melodies did you hear? How many times was each unique melody played? Which melody ended the piece, and what does this imply about the emotion that the composer wanted to leave you with? Rossini, Overture to La scala di seta (The Silken Ladder) 1. This piece was featured on the first concert of the Palestine Symphony Orchestra (today s Israel Philharmonic). Before listening, briefly research the history of the Israel Philharmonic using an internet search. What else was happening historically in the years leading up WWII at the time this orchestra was formed? 2. This piece was an overture, or a musical introduction, to a comic opera with a storyline reflective of a modern-day romantic comedy. What do you hear that makes the piece sound comedic? 3. Imagine you are a screenplay writer and tasked with writing an original movie trailer to accompany this music. How many characters are there? What might they say to each other? What happens at the end of the trailer? VIOLINS OF HOPE Classroom Activities Activity: Music and the Holocaust: Resistance, Resilience and Reflection A myriad of resources are available to teachers to help your students explore the role of music in Jewish culture before, during and after the Holocaust. After completing the following discussion questions with your students, either as a class or through individual writing time, consider exploring the online resources, movies, and curricula from the following partner organizations to create your own unit study on Jewish life and the Holocaust. Music teachers may consider programming Jewish music selections on their concerts this year in conjunction with this special project. What role does music play in your life? When do you want to listen to music, and what kind of music do you listen to in certain situations? What do the words resistance, resilience and reflection mean to you? How do you think these ideas can be communicated through the use of music? After completing the activities in your Listening Guide, decide which pieces from the Violins of Hope concert represent the themes of resistance, resilience and reflection and why. Organizations & Holocaust Curriculum Guides Facing History ( Anti-Defamation League ( Sheet Music (for music ensemble teachers) Customize your sheet music search to include contemporary and more traditional Jewish music selections Latham Music Enterprises Features sets of Jewish Wedding Music that include a wide variety of tunes appropriate for concerts and smaller performances, with quartet and trio options 8

11 CLASSROOM TEACHING IDEAS FOR GRADES 6-12 VIOLINS OF HOPE Curriculum Connections: Ohio s New Learning Standards Other Online Resources Information about Jewish music, Klezmer and more Shoah Foundation (audio-visual interviews with survivors and witnesses of the Holocaust) World center for documentation, research, education and commemoration of the Holocaust. Facing History and Ourselves Holocaust Resources Collection History The Children of Willesden Lane Friedrich Painted in Words Parallel Journeys Salvaged Pages Judgment The Sunflower Legacy Painted in Words Rescue The Children of Willesden Lane Survivor Testimony Anton the Dove Fancier and Other Tales of the Holocaust I Promised I Would Tell Night Painted in Words Parallel Journeys Resource Books Holocaust and Human Behavior I Promised I Would Tell The Jews of Poland Videos Auschwitz Death Camp: Oprah, Elie Wiesel I m Still Here: Diaries of Young People Who Lived During the Holocaust Into the Arms of Strangers: Stories of the Kindertransports Judgment: Nuremberg Remembered Rescue: Weapons of the Spirit Resistance: Daring to Resist: Three Women Face the Holocaust Survivor testimony: Swimming in Auschwitz Movies The Boy in the Striped Pajamas available on Amazon Video and itunes During World War II, 8-year-old Bruno (Asa Butterfield) and his family leave Berlin to take up residence near the concentration camp where his father (David Thewlis) has just become commandant. Unhappy and lonely, he wanders out behind his house one day and finds Shmuel (Jack Scanlon), a Jewish boy of his age. Though the barbed-wire fence of the camp separates them, the boys begin a forbidden friendship, oblivious to the real nature of their surroundings. Orchestra of Exiles - available on itunes Celebrated Polish violinist Bronislaw Huberman saves musicians from the Nazis, then goes on to create what would become the Israeli Philharmonic. Defiance available through Amazon Video, Amazon, itunes note R rating 2008 World War II film directed by Edward Zwick set during the occupation of Belarus by Nazi Germany. The screenplay by Clayton Frohman and Zwick was based on Nechama Tec s 1993 book Defiance: The Bielski Partisans, an account of the Bielski partisans, a group led by Polish Jewish brothers who saved and recruited Jews in Belarus during the Second World War. The film stars Daniel Craig as Tuvia Bielski, Liev Schreiber as Zus Bielski, Jamie Bell as Asael Bielski, and George MacKay as Aron Bielski. 9

12 CLASSROOM TEACHING IDEAS FOR GRADES 6-12 VIOLINS OF HOPE Curriculum Connections: Ohio s New Learning Standards TEACHERS: Use the Violins of Hope concert along with suggested activities and resources in this guide to address Ohio s Learning Standards: MUSIC: GRADES 6-12 Perceiving / Knowing / Creating (CE) Describe distinguishing characteristics of musical form. (1CE) Identify musical terms and symbols for articulation and expression. (2CE) Listen to, analyze and describe various music works on the basis of their stylistic qualities and the historical and cultural contexts in which they were created. (3CE) Listen to and compare various musical styles from the Unites States, other cultures and historical periods. (4CE) Distinguish between and among the use of dynamics, meter, tempo and tonality in various pieces through active listening. (5CE) Identify the social contexts from which music of various cultures evolved. (6CE) Describe how music reflects the social and political events of history and the role of the musician in history and culture. (8CE) Responding / Reflecting (RE) Compare and contrast a varied repertoire of music on the basis of how elements of music are used to create meaning and expression. (2RE) Communicate the importance of music in everyday life. (3RE) Compare and contrast selected composers and their works. (3RE) Examine how people from different backgrounds and cultures use and respond to music. (3RE) Discuss how the purpose, meaning and value of music changes because of the impact of life experiences. (3RE) Describe ways that music relates to other art forms using appropriate terminology. (4RE) Explain how and why people use and respond to music. (4RE) Evaluate the use of the elements of music as relative to expression in a varied repertoire of music. (4RE) Compare and contrast subject matter common to music and other subject areas. (5RE) ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS: GRADES 6-12 Writing Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem. Speaking and Listening Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners, building on others ideas and expressing their own clearly. Interpret information presented in diverse media and formats and explain how it contributes to a topic or text, or issue under study. Present claims and findings, sequencing ideas logically and using pertinent descriptions facts and details to accentuate main ideas or themes. 10

13 CLASSROOM TEACHING IDEAS FOR GRADES 6-12 VIOLINS OF HOPE SOCIAL STUDIES: GRADES 6-8 History: Historical Thinking & Skills Primary and secondary sources are used to examine events from multiple perspectives and to present and defend a position. MATHEMATICS: GRADES 6-12 Mathematical Practices Look for and make use of structure. Geography: Human Systems Political, environmental, social and economic factors cause people, products and ideas to move from place to place in the Eastern Hemisphere in the past and today. Modern cultural practices and products show the influence of tradition and diffusion, including the impact of major world religions. Cultural biases, stereotypes and prejudices had social, political and economic consequences for minority groups and the population as a whole. Government: Civic Participation and Skills Different perspectives on a topic can be obtained from a variety of historic and contemporary sources. Sources can be examined for accuracy. The ability to understand individual and group perspectives is essential to analyzing historic and contemporary issues. GRADES 9-12 Civil and Human Rights Beliefs about human rights vary among social and governmental systems. Modern instances of genocide and ethnic cleansing present individual, organizational and national issues related to the responsibilities of participants and non-participants. 11

14 THE INSTRUMENTS OF THE CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA STRINGS Harp Violin Viola Cello Double Bass WOODWINDS Flute Piccolo Saxophone Tuba Clarinet Contrabassoon Bassoon Bass clarinet BRASS Trumpet Trombone Oboe English horn French Horn Gong PERCUSSION Timpani Triangle Maracas Castanets Piano Snare Drum Bass Drum Cymbals Tambourine 12

15 Sensational Strings! Historians think that the first instrument in the string family was developed from the caveman s hunting bow. In the string family, sound is made by plucking, strumming or drawing a bow across the strings. The harp has 47 strings and pedals to add flats and sharps! wooden bow chin rest horse hair finger board neck fancy scroll tail piece anchors the strings bridge holds strings up so they can vibrat e freely hollow body amplifies the sound strings vibrate to make sound (plucked or bowed) one tuning peg for each string violin viola cello double bass harp pedals for flats and sharps 13

16 Wondrous Woodwinds! The first woodwind instrument may have been created by blowing through a blade of grass or an old animal bone. The first woodwinds had open holes that needed to be covered by your fingers. Eventually, inventors added a system of metal keys that would cover more than one hole at a time. The three types of woodwinds are (1) those which you blow across an open hole to make sound; (2) those with a single wooden reed on the mouthpiece; and (3) those with two small wooden reeds tied together called double reeds. In the last two kinds, the reeds vibrate to make sound. Air-only Woodwinds piccolo flute Single Reed Woodwinds reed ligature holds it on Double Reed Woodwinds first r eed second reed tied together with thread 14 oboe English horn bassoon contrabassoon

17 Brilliant Brass! Ancient brass instruments were made of bone or an animal s horn. Today they are made of metal. Brass players create sound by buzzing their lips into the metal mouthpiece. They play different notes by tightening and loosening their lips, and by pressing down valves (or in the case of the trombone, by moving the slide in and out!). large bell at end amplifies the sound hollow tubing player buzzes lips through metal mouth piece to start vibration of the air inside valves add extra tubing to change pitch shiny made of brass or other metal trumpet French horn slide moves to change pitch tuba trombone 15

18 Power Packed Percussion! The percussion instruments provide the orchestra with accents, rhythms and special sounds. Force is required to make the instruments vibrate. Sound is produced by striking, hitting, scraping, shaking, rubbing or tapping the instruments with a stick, mallet, beater or a hand! There are two kinds of percussion instruments: 1) instruments like the timpani which can play a melody; and 2) those like the snare drum, which make only one pitch. Tunable instruments that can play a melody Instruments that make one pitch timpani foot pedal to change pitch gong triangle piano snare drum maracas castanets chimes cymbals celesta tambourine 16 xylophone bass drum

19 THE CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA SEATING CHART PERCUSSION FRENCH HORNS TRUMPETS TROMBONES TUBA CLARINETS BASSOONS PIANO FLUTES OBOES BASSES 2 ND VIOLINS CELLOS HARP 1 ST VIOLINS CONDUCTOR VIOLAS

20 The Cleveland Orchestra s Education Programs are made possible by: Endowment Funders Hope and Stanley I. Adelstein Kathleen L. Barber Mr. Roger G. Berk In memory of Anna B. Body Isabelle and Ronald Brown Dr. Jeanette Grasselli Brown and Dr. Glenn R. Brown Roberta R. Calderwood Alice H. Cull Memorial Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Emrick, Jr. Charles and Marguerite C. Galanie Mr. David J. Golden The George Gund Foundation The Hershey Foundation Dorothy Humel Hovorka Mr. James J. Hummer Frank and Margaret Hyncik Junior Committee of The Cleveland Orchestra Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Alfred M. Lerner In-School Performance Fund Linda and Saul Ludwig Machaskee Fund for Community Programming Mr. and Mrs. Stanley A. Meisel Christine Gitlin Miles, in honor of Jahja Ling Mr. and Mrs. David T. Morganthaler Morley Fund for Pre-School Education The Eric & Jane Nord Family Fund Pysht Fund The Max Ratner Education Fund, given by the Ratner, Miller, and Shafran Families and Forest City Enterprises, Inc. The William N. Skirball Endowment Anonymous, in memory of Georg Solti Jules and Ruth Vinney Cleveland Orchestra Youth Orchestra Touring Fund as of August 2016 PROGRAM FUNDErs The Abington Foundation American Greetings Corporation Eva L. and Joseph M. Bruening Foundation Mary E. and F. Joseph Callahan Foundation Conway Family Foundation Cuyahoga County Residents through Cuyahoga Arts & Culture Dominion Foundation The Harry K. Fox and Emma R. Fox Charitable Foundation The Giant Eagle Foundation KeyBank The Laub Foundation Macy s Muna & Basem Hishmeh Foundation Martha Holden Jennings Foundation The Nord Family Foundation Nordson Corporation Foundation Ohio Arts Council Ohio Savings Bank, A Division of New York Community Bank PNC Bank The Reinberger Foundation Albert G. and Olive H. Schlink Foundation The Sherwin-Williams Company Thomas H. White Foundation The Edward and Ruth Wilkof Foundation Women s Committee of The Cleveland Orchestra