From Autonomous Subsystems to Integrated System

Transcription

1 by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern Norway-NISE Abstract Systems evolve from mostly mechanical or physical devices into multi-disciplinary integrated systems. This evolution takes years or decades. The evolution occurs simultaneously with changes in the markets and in the organization. We describe this evolution and illustrate it with a X-ray systems and wafersteppers. Distribution This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí project philosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by an open creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature version to get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains complete and unchanged. status: planned logo TBD

2 Evolution of X-ray Systems k V m A electro-mechanical components autonomous subsystems vascular m A cardio/vascular synergy m A interfaces system control catherization lab k V m A MR scanner CT scanner Cardiology Radiology Hospital PACS Information System PC's catherization lab system of systems m A tip positionin g ultra sound monitorin g 2 Gerrit Muller FAIxrayTimeline

3 Diagnostic X-ray system ~1980 many independent modules most Philips, some 3 sales: all configurations are possible system integration (SI) in factory many adaption boxes SI is mostly electro mechanical innovation elapsed time many years rd party (f.i.,10 years for new imaging chain) 3 Gerrit Muller FAIxray1980system

4 Organization in 1980 innovation departments Roentgen Electronics Laboratory Mechanical Electronics Laboratory Physics Technical Laboratory facilitating departments: drawing office; construction office; workshops 4 Gerrit Muller FAIxray1980organization

5 Geographical locations in 1980 factory and warehouse Germany France Italy R&D marketing sales management Netherlands road factory and warehouse R&D distance marketing sales management 5 Gerrit Muller FAIxray1980buildings

6 Staff in 1980 small teams 3 key persons: application senior designer cardiologist (outside Philips) application and domain technology implicit in most staff staffing mostly domain technology driven innovation departments Roentgen Electronics Laboratory Mechanical Electronics Laboratory Physics Technical Laboratory facilitating departments: drawing office; construction office; workshops 6 Gerrit Muller FAIxray1980staff

7 Systems ~1985 autonomous subsystems: Geo Acquisition Imaging X-ray generation sales: preferred configurations; arbritary configurations are more expensive system integration (SI) in R&D SW in all subsystems SI is is electro mechanical and configuration parameters innovation elapsed time several years (f.i.,2 years for digital imaging chain) 7 Gerrit Muller FAIxray1985system

8 Organization in 1985: Product/Business Oriented mammography surgery radiography most products: successful application oriented little synergy or commonality struggling with software URF legend vascular Geo Acquisition cardio Imaging X-ray generation 8 Gerrit Muller FAIxray1985organization

9 Staff in 1985 medium sized teams strong subsystem focus software depends on few good SW engineers (often with HW background) project leader is also system designer significant System Integration effort 9 Gerrit Muller FAIxray1985staff

10 Synergy drive ca 1990 Cardio and Vascular are merged. Digital imaging gets dominant surgery digital radiography radiography legend URF Geo Acquisition cardio/ vascular Imaging X-ray generation 10 Gerrit Muller FAIxray1990organization

11 Geographical locations in 1990 factory and warehouse Germany R&D marketing sales management Netherlands road R&D USA marketing sales factory and warehouse R&D marketing management corporate management 11 Gerrit Muller FAIxray1990buildings

12 Staff in 1990 matrix organizations within product groups: mechanical electrical software application and domain technology know how diluted software content is significant test and validation time is significant (> 1 year) senior designer ~= system designer 12 Gerrit Muller FAIxray1990staff

13 System: Synergy Drive Common X-ray components (imaging, generation, collimators) Common digital infrastructure (workstations, networks, printers) URF CT scanner communication standard DICOM common digital systems printer workstation cardio/vascular MR scanner 13 Gerrit Muller FAIxray1995system

14 Organization : Additional Synergy Layer Common components are organized as separate groups: X-ray and PMS-wide product groups; application/market oriented cardio/ vascular URF RAD Surgery X-ray component suppliers Imaging X-ray generation common digital infrastructure supplier HIS RIS viewing archiving communication 14 Gerrit Muller FAIxray1995organization

15 2000: Introduction of central System Control New: system control = industrial PC + Windows XP + 4 Mloc + 3rd party SW catherization lab interfaces Cardiology Information System Radiology Hospital PACS 15 Gerrit Muller FAIxray2000system

16 System: 2005 System of Systems? Catherization Laboratory integrates many systems and is heavily connected to other health care departments and systems MR scanner CT scanner Cardiology Radiology Hospital catherization lab PACS Information System PC's tip positioning ultra sound monitoring 16 Gerrit Muller FAIxray2005system

17 Characterization per Phase electro-mechanical components autonomous subsystems synergy system control system of systems system emerging R&D integration R&D integration hierarchy emerging dominant concern modularity configuration management synergy synergy market value staff all round all round + gurus disciplines M, E, I + grey hairs disciplines M, E, I + System disciplines M, E, I + System organization domain labs products subsystems matrix layered matrix + network size R&D tens hundred several hundred hundreds 17 Gerrit Muller FAIxrayTable

18 Block Diagram of a Waferstepper laser light source illuminator beam shaping light reticle stage positioning reticle handler input/output reticles system control coordination measurement alignment, levelling lens projection wafer stage positioning C&T contanimation, temperature wafer handler input/output wafers 18 Gerrit Muller FAIwaferstepperSubsystems

19 Control Hierarchy of a Waferstepper system control coordination ethernet laser lens illuminator measurement C&T reticle stage reticle handler wafer stage wafer handler VME VME vertical motion horizontal motion vertical motion horizontal motion 19 Gerrit Muller FAIcontrolHierarchy

20 Frequency of Control Actions trend with increasing performance requirements SW sampling per die per wafer per batch per day preventive maintenance seconds 20 Gerrit Muller FAIcontrolFrequency

21 Evolution of System Control user interface automation interface monitoring and optimization user interface static simple calibration sequencer kloc data store production and installation support feedforward metro exposure control dynamic calibration infrastructure kloc job control data management monitoring 21 Gerrit Muller FAIcontrolEvolution

22 Consequences of Evolution Performance and functionality demands causes Complexity threatens Reliability loss of overview (150kloc fits in 1 mind, 2Mloc not) (more than?) exponential increase of coupling 1:1 relation HW:SW becomes n:m relation autonomous subsystems paradigm shift! integrated system 22 Gerrit Muller FAIevolutionConsequences