SKA-LTIUM Altium Live Summit 2017

Transcription

1 SKA-LTIUM Altium Live Summit 2017 PRESENTER: Omer Mahgoub

2 WHAT IS SKA? Global non-profit Organisation Headquarters in Manchester, United Kingdom Ten member countries

3 WHAT ARE THEY DOING? SKA - Square Kilometre Array One of the largest scientific endeavours in history to build the world s largest radio telescope, with eventually over a square kilometre (one million square metres) of collecting area Fun Fact* - Why is the USA not a member country? Because they d insist it be called the 0, Square Mile Array *These are not facts at all

4 HOW ARE THEY DOING IT? Radio Telescopes Detect radio waves emitted by objects in space. Unlike optical telescopes, aren t hampered by cloud or poor weather conditions on Earth

5 HOW ARE THEY DOING IT?

6 HOW ARE THEY DOING IT? Single Dish Telescopes

7 The numbers 1-10 (white) The atomic numbers of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus, which make up DNA The formulas for the sugars and bases in the nucleotides of DNA (Green) The number of nucleotides in DNA, and a graphic of the double helix structure of DNA (white & blue) A graphic figure of a human, the dimension (physical height) of an average man, and the human population of Earth (red, blue/white, & white respectively) A graphic of the Solar System indicating which of the planets the message is coming from (yellow) A graphic of the Arecibo radio telescope and the dimension (the physical diameter) of the

8

9 HOW ARE THEY DOING IT? Single Dish Telescopes

10 Inferometery HOW ARE THEY DOING IT? Link individual telescopes together to create a telescope array known as an interferometer. The resolution of an interferometer depends not only on the diameter of individual radio telescopes, but on the maximum separation between them

11 HOW ARE THEY DOING IT?

12 HOW ARE THEY DOING IT?

13 WHY ARE THEY DOING IT? How stars and galaxies form and evolve Cosmic Magnetism What is Dark Energy?

14 WHY ARE THEY DOING IT?

15 WHEN ARE THEY DOING IT?

16 WHERE ARE THEY DOING IT? South African Karoo Region - High and Mid Frequency Dishes Western Australia s Murchison Shire - Low Frequency Antennas

17 WHERE ARE THEY DOING IT? South Africa

18 WHERE ARE THEY DOING IT? South African Karoo Region

19 WHERE ARE THEY DOING IT? Australia

20 WHERE ARE THEY DOING IT? Western Australia s Murchison Shire

21 SKA PHASE 1

22 SKA PHASE 1

23 WHAT HAS BEEN DONE? Precursors Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) MeerKAT Murchison Widefield Array Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization (HERA)

24 WHAT HAS BEEN DONE? ASKAP

25 WHAT HAS BEEN DONE? MeerKAT

26 WHAT HAS BEEN DONE? Murchison Widefield Array

27 WHAT HAS BEEN DONE? HERA

28 WHO AM I? Omer Mahgoub Hardware Engineer at SKA Africa Working on MeerKAT Digital Back End (DBE) Team based in Cape Town, South Africa

29 Telescope Front End DIGITAL BACK WHAT? Pre-amplifies radio waves and extracts signals from required frequency bands.

30 Telescope Back End DIGITAL BACK WHAT? Responsible for digital conversion, manipulation and storage of the analog signals coming from the front end.

31 BACK TO MEERKAT! KAT - Karoo Array Telescope

32 BACK TO MEERKAT! MEER...BUT...ALSO = MORE = MORE OF KAT

33

34 MEERKAT Antenna

35 MEERKAT IMAGES

36 MEERKAT IMAGES MeerKat CSIRO s ATCA Telescope

37 MEERKAT IMAGES

38 MEERKAT RECEIVER

39 MEERKAT DIGITISER

40

41 RADIO FREQUENCY CONDITIONING UNIT (RFCU) Receives the RF signal from the receivers and amplifies it to the correct signal level required by the ADC Performs anti-aliasing filtering of the incoming signal.

42 SAMPLE CLOCK GENERATOR This module is responsible for generating the sample clock required by the ADCs as well as a highly accurate precision synchronization pulse.

43 SAMPLER (ADC) Performs Analog to Digital conversion using a 10 bit monolithic ADC at a rate of 1712Mbps

44 Backplane Provides power to the digitiser component boards.

45 D-Engine Packetises the raw ADC data on four 10 Gb fibre optic interfaces to transmit for processing.

46 D-Engine

47 D-Engine

48 D-Engine Layer Stack

49 D-Engine Routing

50 D-Engine Routing

51 D-Engine Routing

52 PIN SWAPPING

53 AFTER THE DIGITISER? Data transmitted via buried fibre optic cables to the Karoo Array Processing Building (KAPB) At the KAPB, the signals undergo various digital signal processing techniques Correlation - combines all the signals from all the receptors to form image of the area of the sky that is being surveyed Beamforming - forming narrow, high sensitive beams from the received signals essentially allowing array to function as single antenna

54 KAPB

55

56 ROACH 1 FEATURES - Virtex-5 LX110T or SX95T (Logic or DSP Intensive) - PowerPC 440EPx stand-alone processor to provide control functions - 4 CX4 10gbps high speed connectors - 2 x 2M 18 bit QDR II+ SRAMs -1 x DDR2 DRAM DIMM slot -2 x ZDOK 40 Differential pair connectors - USB 2.0, MMC/SD Slot, 10/100/1000 RJ45

57 ROACH

58 ROACH

59 ROACH 2 FEATURES -Virtex-6 SX475T FPGA (XC6VSX475T-1FFG1759C) -PowerPC 440EPx stand-alone processor to provide control functions -2 x Multi-gigabit transceiver breakout card slots, supporting up to 8x10Ge links which may be CX4 or SFP+ -4 x 36 bit QDR II+ SRAMs connected to the FPGA -A single 72-bit DDR3 RDIMM slot connected to the FPGA (up to 16GB) -2 x ZDOKs (ADC/DAC interface) -An FTDI FT4232H USB to JTAG, serial and IIC

60 ROACH 2

61 ROACH 2

62 ROACH 2

63 ROACH 2

64 ROACH 2

65 ROACH 2

66 ROACH 2 ROUTING

67 ROACH 2 ROUTING

68 ROACH 2 ROUTING

69 ROACH 2 ROUTING

70 ROACH 3 aka SKARAB

71 1 x Virtex-7 XC7VX690T FPGA (XC7VX690T-2FFG1927C) for running the user DSP algorithms FEATURES SKARAB Microblaze softcore processor running on the Virtex 7 FPGA to provide control functions 4 x MegaArray transceiver Mezzanine card slots, supporting up to 16x10Gb/s links which may be utilised for HMC and QSFP+ 1 x QSFP+ Mezzanine Card with 4 x 40GbE full duplex ports Optional: 1-3 x HMC Mezzanine Cards capable of operating at 32Gbps, 256bit data transfers, full duplex operation Optional: 1 x ADC Mezzanine Card, 4 channel, 14 bits, 3.0 GSPS 1GbE Ethernet RJ45 interface 1 x 256Mb SDRAM for dynamic FPGA configuration connected to the Virtex 7 FPGA and SPARTAN device 1 x 1Gb NOR Flash, MT28GU01GAAA1EGC-0SIT for the Virtex 7 FPGA golden and multi-boot image storage A single COM Express mezzanine site that can be connected to an external processor via single lane PCIe

72 SKARAB

73 QSFP+ Mezzanine Card Quad Small Form Pluggable (QSFP+) Mezzanine Card provides the SKARAB with 40GbE functionality Consists of 4 x 40GbE QSFP+ ports

74 ADC Mezzanine Card Four channel, 3.0 GSPS, 14 bit analog to digital converter The ADC is capable of digitizing signals from near DC to 3.2/4.0 GHz, at a bandwidth of up to 1.5GHz

75 Hybrid Memory Cube Mezzanine Card (HMC) Hybrid Memory Cube Mezzanine Card Data storage for SKARAB 4 GB serial memory using 16 x 10gbps SERDES lanes

76 HMC

77 HMC Due to the unavailability of the 4-link devices, had to redesign for 2- Link More technically challenging due to the reduced 0.65mm BGA pitch Need to incorporate blind micro-vias and narrow traces (3mil)

78 HMC

79 HMC

80 HMC

81 HMC

82 HMC Layer Stack

83 HMC Layer Stack

84 HMC Routing

85 Blind Vias

86 BGA Fanout

87 HMC Decoupling

88 Removing unused pads Feature Very narrow copper width due to polygon clearance

89 Removing unused Pads Feature Select vias in BGA area Tools - Remove unused pad shapes

90 90

91 SKA South Africa, a Business Unit of the National Research Foundation. We are building the Square Kilometre Array radio telescope (SKA), located in South Africa and eight other African countries, with part in Australia. The SKA will be the largest radio telescope ever built and will produce science that changes our understanding of the universe Omer Mahgoub Electronic Engineer omer@ska.ac.za