Television Production Handbook+ Workbook

Transcription

1 Television Production Handbook+ Workbook ELEVENTH EDITION Herbert Zettl San Francisco State University ~.., WADSWORTH,- CEI\lGAGE Leaming Australia- Brazil Japan' Korea Mexico' Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States

2 Brief Contents of Handbook PART I Introduetion: Proeess and System PART 111 Produetion 81 1 The Television Production Process WhatTelevision Production Is All About 4 Thethreeproductionphases,production model,and productionpeople 1.2 Technical Production Systems 12 Basic television system, expanded television system, neidproduetionsystems,and majorequipment PART 11 Preproduetion 23 2 The Producer in Preproduction What Producing Is All About 26 Preproduetion planning (fromidea to script), preproduction planning (coordination), and ethics 2.2 Information Resources, Unions, and Ratings 38 Informationresources, unions and legal matters, and audienceand ratings 3 The Script Basic Script Formats 44 Single-co/umn drama sctipt,two-column AN script, news script, show Iormat, and factsheet 3.2 Dramatic Structure, Conflict, and Dramaturgy 51 Basicdramaticstorystructure, confliet and classical dramaturqy, and nondramatic storystrueture 4 The Director in Preproduction Howa Director Prepares 58 What the sbow isallabout, scriptanatysis. visualization aridsequencing,preparingforthe show,and interpretinga loeationsketch 4.2 Communication and scheduling 76 Supportstatt,and facijities requests, scheduies, aridcommunieation 5 Analog and Digital Television Analog and Digital Processes 84 What digitalis allabout, differencebetween analog ariddigital, benentsofdigitaltelevision, aspect ratio, and digitalscanning standards 5.2 scanning Systems 91 Basic image creation, basiccolorsofthe video disploy, interjaced and progressive seanning,digital seanning systems,and tlat-paneldisplays 6 The Television Camera How Television Cameras Work 98 Parts ofthe camera, fromlight to videosiqnal, camera chain, types ofcameras.electronic ieatures, and operational features 6.2 Resolution, Centrast. and Color 112 Image resolution, image contrast,colorbasics, and luminance and chrominancechannels 7 Lenses What Lenses Are 120 Types ofzoom lenses, optiealcharaeteristics oflenses, and operationalcontrols 7.2 What Lenses See 132 Howlensessee the worldaridimage stabilization 8 Camera Operation and Picture Composition Working the Camera 140 Standardcamera movements, camera supports, workingthe camcorderaridthe EFP camera,and workingthe studio eamera 8.2 Framing Effective Shots 154 Screenslzeand field ofvieln, framing a sbot (standard TVaridHDTV aspect ratlos), deptn, and screenmotion

3 viii Brief Contents of Handbook 9 Audio: Sound Pickup How Microphones Hear 166 Microphone types by how they hear and microphone types by how they are used 9.2 How Microphones Work 184 Sound-generating elements, specific microphone ieatures, mic setups for music pickup, and microphone use specitu: to ENG/EFP 10 Audio: Sound Control Sound Controls and Recording 194 Produetion equipment for studio audio, audio control in the studio, produetion equipmentandbasic operation for Iield audio, and audio control in the tield 10.2 Stereo, Surround Sound, and Sound Aesthetics 208 Stereo andsurreundsound, andbasic aesthetic soundiactors 11 Lighting Lighting Instruments and Lighting Controls 214 Studio lighting Instruments, field lighting insttuments, and lighting control equipment 11.2 Light Intensity, Lamps, and Color Media 234 Light intensity, calculating light intensity, operating lightlevel (baseliqnt), types oflamps, aridcolormedia 12 Teehniques ofteievision Lighting Lighting in the Studio 244 Safety, qualityoflight, lighting iunctions, speciiic lighting techniques, contrast, ba/ancing light intensities, light plot, and operation of studio lights 15 Design Designing and UsingTelevision Graphics 320 Specifications oftetevlsion qrophics. information density and reodobiltty, color, style, and synthetic itnaqes 15.2 Scenery and Props 331 Television scenery, properties andset dressinqs, and elements ofscene desiqn 16 Television Talent Television Performers and Actors 342 Performance techniques, acting technioues, and auditlons 16.2 How to 00 Makeup and What to Wear 355 Makeup, and clothing and costuming 17 The Direetor in Produetion Multicamera Control Room Directing 362 The director's rotes, the director's terminoioqy, multicamera directing procedures, directing rehearsals, directing the show, and controlling clock time 17.2 Single-camera and Digital Cinema Directing 380 Single-camera directing procedures and directing digital cinema 18 Field Produetion and Big Remotes Field Production 386 Eleetronic news qatherinq, ENGproduetion ieatures. electronic field production, and big remotes 18.2 Covering Major Events 403 Sports remotes, location sketch and remote setups, communication sysrems, and signal transport 12.2 Lighting in the Field 262 Safety, location lighting, arid location survey PART IV Postproduetion Video-reeording and Storage Systems Taped-based and TapelessVideo Recording 274 Recording systems, tape-based video recording, tapeless video recording, and electronic teatures ofvideo recordinq 13.2 How Video Recording IsDone 286 Usesof video recording andstoraqe, and video-recording production iactors 14 Switehing, or Instantaneous Editing How Switchers Work 296 Basicswitcher iunctions, simple switcher layout, and other switchers 14.2 Electronic Effects and Switcher Functions 309 Standard video etiects, digital video ettects, and odditionat switcher funetions 19 Postproduetion Editing: How ItWorks How Nonlinear Editing Works 424 Nonlinear editinq, nonlinear editing system, pre-edit phase, preparation phase, editing phase (video), and editing phose (audio) 19.2 How Linear Editing Works 439 Basic arid expanded linear editing systems, control track and time code editinq, assembie arid Insert editinq, and linear off- and on-iine editing 20 Editing Funetions and Principles Continuity Editing 450 Editing funetions arid editing for continuity 20.2 Complexity Editing 461 Transitions in complexityediting, crossinq the veetor line, special complexity ettects, montage, arid ethics

4 Brief Contents of Workbook PART I Introduetion: Proeess and System W-1 7 Lenses W-83 1 The Television Production Process W-3 PART 11 Review of effect-to-cause model, production petsonnet. and technicalsystems 2 The Producer in Preproduction W-19 Review ofpreproduction planning, qeneratinq and evaluating ideas, program proposal. coordination, unions, legal matters, and ratings 3 The Script Preproduction W-35 Review of basic script Iormats, story structure, conttict, and dramaturgy W-17 4 The Director in Preproduction W-45 Review ofprocess messaqe, production method, script markinq, interpreting storyboards, supportstatt, and time line Review of optical characteristics of lenses and how lensessee 8 Camera Operation and Picture Composition Review of camera movements, camera supports, howto work a camera, and framing effective shots 9 Audio: Sound Pickup W-109 Review of howmicrophones hear and how microphones are used 10 Audio: Sound Control W-117 Review of studio and field audio production equipment and audio control 11 Lighting W-127 Review of studio lighting instruments and controls, field lighting instruments andcontrols, light intensity, lamps, and color media 12 Techniques ofteievision Ljghting W-139 Review of lighting tecbniques W-93 PART 111 Production W-61 5 Analog and Digital Television W-63 Review of analog and digital television, basic image creation, and the colors of the video display 6 The Television Camera W-73 Review of basic camera elements and Iunctions, electronic operational ieatures, resotution, contrast, and color 13 Video-recording and Storage Systems W-151 Review of tape-basedand tapeless video recording arid how video recording is done 14 Switching, or Instantaneous Editing W-159 Review of basic switcher tayout and cperation, electronic eiiects, and switcher functions 15 Design W-177 Review of television graphics, scenery, and seeniedesign

5 x Brief Contents of Workbook 16 Television Talent W-191 PART IV Postproduetion W-235 Reviewofperformingtechniques,aeting techniques,makeup, and c!othing 17 The Direetor in Produetion W-205 Reviewofdirectorsterminoloqy, rehearsal technioues,mu/ticameradirectinq, timinq,aridsing/e-eameradireeting 18 Field Produetion and Big Remotes W-221 Reviewoffie/d production,bigremotes, faei/ities requests, and signa/transportsystems 19 Postproduetion Editing: How ItWorks Reviewofnon/inearand linearediting 20 Editing Funetions and Principles Reviewofcontinuityediting princip/es and comp/exityediting W-249 W-237