Taos - A Revolutionary Zero Latency, Multi-Channel, High-Definition H.264 Video Codec Architecture
|
|
- Ross Goodwin
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 WHITE PAPER Taos - A Revolutionary Zero Latency, Multi-Channel, High-Definition H.264 Video Codec Architecture Introduction The Taos H.264 video codec architecture addresses crucial requirements for latency, channel density, video resolution and video quality in real-time video applications, such as video surveillance, video conferencing, wireless video networking and electronic newsgathering. The Taos architecture implements unique features, such as zero latency, high channel-density and HD video quality, which solve the most demanding requirements in these applications. In addition, Taos also addresses equally important system-level issues, such as noise filtering, optimal network bandwidth usage and error resiliency and concealment. Taos builds upon 1st generation low-delay, multi-channel and HD codecs from W&W Communications. As such, Taos is a tried and proven video-codec architecture for practical solutions in realtime video feedback systems. Latency Defined Simply put, latency is defined here as the time lapse between writing the first pixel at the source and producing the first pixel at the decoder output. Latency sensitive video applications require that the time lapse between source and decoded video be extremely small. How small depends on the application, but as a guideline the range is between several milliseconds to less than 33ms. Zero latency refers here to latency of sub 10ms. True Multi-Channel Defined True multi-channel is defined here as independently encodable and decodable video streams. Each video stream is encoded with its own set of encoding parameters. Changing parameters for one stream does not affect other streams and can be done dynamically during the encoding process. Similarly, decoding one stream does not affect the decoding of other streams, including error propagation and concealment. Abstract Taos is a truly revolutionary H.264/ MPEG-4 AVC (Part 10) codec architecture, which provides video processing functionality highly optimized for real-time video feedback systems, such as in video surveillance, video conferencing, video telephony, wireless video networking and electronic newsgathering applications. Its zero latency, true multi-channel and true HD capabilities meet the most difficult-to-satisfy requirements in these applications. Author Kishan Jainandunsing, PhD VP Marketing
2 2 W&W Communications True HD Defined The HD, or High-Definition, moniker is used in the video industry for resolutions of 1280x720 and upwards. See the chart below. Figure 1. Video resolution chart The term true HD refers here to 1920x1088 resolution at 60 frames per second in progressive scan mode. This represents the highest resolution defined [at present] for HDTV. The Taos Architecture A high-level block diagram representation of the Taos architecture is shown below. At the heart of the architecture is the multi-stream, zero latency, and high-definition H.264 codec. The I/O subsystem supports eight physical video ports, which can be all eight inputs, all eight outputs or any combination of inputs and outputs. Each video port supports multiplexed video streams. This allows Taos to support up to 32 independent video streams simultaneously in encode or decode mode. subsystem provides several functions, such as multiplexing several decoded streams onto a single video display port and on-screen display (OSD) support. An I2C master interface allows video peripheral circuits to be controlled, such as PAL/NTSC encoders and decoders, HDMI receivers and transmitters, CMOS and CCD sensors. A flash memory interface controller provides support for flash devices over a serial interface for storage of Taos configuration settings. A 32-bit/66MHz PCI bus and a 32-bit generic host bus provide communication with an external host processor for network connectivity, audio, driver, operating system and application software support. A high-performance, multi-channel DMA controller handles high-speed data transfers of encoded streams between the codec and external host processor memory. The DMA engine supports scatter/gather data transfers, significantly reducing overhead on the host CPU. Zero Latency Encode-Decode In mainstream implementations the encoding process starts when a complete frame of video is present, introducing at least 33ms of latency at the encoder and another 33ms at the decoder. Together with multi-pass motion estimation, multi-pass rate control and framebased source filtering, traditional implementations can easily exhibit in excess of 200ms encode-decode latency. In contrast, Taos implements fine-grain pipelining at the macro-block level, advanced bit rate prediction and in-loop source filtering. The encoding process starts as soon as the first lines of video are available in a frame. In this way the encoder does not need to wait for an entire frame to be present before it starts encoding. This comes with the extra benefit of very little memory needed for buffering. a) Frame-based pipelining, high latency implementation Figure 2. Taos high-level block diagram representation Dual DDR controllers support external DDR-2 memory and provide sufficient memory bandwidth and storage capacity to support 32 independent video streams at up to 1920x1088 resolution. A video pre-processor subsystem supports several functions, such as de-multiplexing of input video streams, frame rate adaptation, content-adaptive noise filtering, duplication and downscaling. A video post-processor b) Fine-grain pipelining, zero latency implementation Figure 3. Taos zero latency vs. high latency encodingdecoding. In addition, Taos performs single pass motion estimation, single-pass rate control and in-loop contentadaptive motion compensated temporal filtering. This, in combination with the macro-block level fine-grain pipelining, results in sub 2ms encode-decode latency Taos A Revolutionary H.264 Video Codec Architecture
3 W&W Communications 3 for 1920x1088 video and sub 4ms latency for D1 video. Operation in Baseline, Main or High Profile does not affect latency and video quality. Zero latency can drastically simplify system design in applications where added latency due to other parts in the system, such as transmitters and receivers, is negligible. In these cases complicated A/V time stamping and synchronization schemes are not needed as the low latency of the video stream with respect to the audio stream provides inherent synchronization between the two streams. An example is in electronic newsgathering (ENG), where the compressed video is transmitted over a short-wave radio link from the cameras in the field to a nearby satellite uplink truck. The negligible latency between captured and decoded video, negates the need to insert complex systems to achieve A/V synchronization. In another ENG example camera panning/zooming and video feeds from different camera angles need to be interpreted in real-time by the production crew. Zero or near-zero latency in the video feeds provides inherent synchronization between all the different video feeds and with panning/zooming actions of the cameras. Requirements of sub 33ms latency are very desirable in these applications. session can progress spontaneously and naturally, without the need for awkward and artificial communication protocols between the participants. Requirements of sub 33ms latency are necessary in these applications. a) High latency implementation Unnatural and non-spontaneous conversations b) Taos zero latency implementation Natural and spontaneous conversations Figure 5. Implications of latency in video conferencing applications. Mission critical surveillance applications are another example of applications that are highly sensitive to latency. In case of securing valuables, such as money in a bank, priceless artifacts in a museum, or merchandise in a store, it is important that the area or building where the intrusion occurs is instantly secured. Another latency sensitive surveillance application is in multiple-camera-tracking, where video feeds from several cameras are stitched together chronologically into a single feed, which tracks one or more moving objects of interest. Too much latency in the video feeds makes stitching these together a complicated task and renders the application useless for rapid response action. To track objects moving at normal to high speed, requirements of sub 10ms latency are required. a) High Latency implementation a) High latency implementation b) Taos zero latency implementation Encode Decode Back-end Analytics c) Zero latency multiple-camera-tracking b) Taos zero latency implementation Figure 4. Implications of latency in live video broadcast applications. Video conferencing and video telephony are highly latency-sensitive applications. In case of noticeable delay a conversation becomes impossible, unless a walkytalky like protocol is strictly followed. This makes the conversation unnatural and cumbersome. With Taos zero latency, a video conferencing or video telephony Figure 6. Implications of latency in mission critical video surveillance applications. An emerging application with high sensitivity to latency is wireless video networking in the home. This application has recently gained a lot of interest from CE manufacturers and aims to eliminate the HDMI cable between the HDTV set and video source, such as a settop box, DVD player/recorder or game box. A similar compelling case exists for the computer industry, where the link between laptop or desktop on the one hand and flat panel monitor on the other hand is being replaced by a wireless connection. July 2007
4 4 W&W Communications 720p stream, or one 1080i/p stream. The aggregate of streams across all 8 ports must always sum up to not more than 32 streams. a) High Latency implementation b) Taos zero latency implementation Figure 7. Implications of latency in wireless video networking applications. In these applications user interaction with the remote control, game pad, keyboard or mouse, should result in instant screen updates. Since transmission at multigigabit per second rates over a highly unpredictable RF link is impractical, video compression is required and requirements of sub 10ms latency are not exaggerated in these applications. Multi-channel Encoding Taos input video ports support temporal and spatial multiplexed streams. Through temporal multiplexing, a single stream is created by time division multiplexing of frames of individual streams. In this case resolution and frame size of all streams must be the same. Only the frame rate may be different between streams. In this mode a single input port can support multiplexing of 32 separate video streams. Alternatively, the 32 streams can be distributed across the eight ports. a) Same resolution & frame size, same frame rates b) Same resolution & frame size, different frame rates Figure 8. Temporally multiplexed video streams. In case of spatial multiplexing a single stream is created by multiplexing the frames of the streams into single frames. In this case the frames may be of different resolution and size, but they must be of the same frame rate. In this mode a single input port can support multiplexing of up to 16 CIF streams, 4 D1 streams, one Figure 9. Spatially multiplexed video streams. In both temporal and spatial multiplexing the individuality of each stream is completely kept in tact and each stream can be fully recovered through de-multiplexing by the Taos pre-processor subsystem. Typical multi-channel applications are found in video conferencing and video surveillance. In video conferencing each camera can capture a single participant or distinct group of participants. Also, usually a separate video stream is allocated for presentations. In video surveillance applications multiple cameras monitor multiple areas. Digital video recorders (DVRs), video servers and multi-sensor camera configurations all benefit from Taos high channel-densities. Multi-channel Decoding The Taos output video ports support multiplexing of decoded video streams. Several modes are supported, such as picture-by-picture (PxP), picture-in-picture (PiP) and picture-on-picture (PoP). Multiplexing of up to 16 video streams per port is possible, with a maximum of 32 streams in aggregate over 8 video output ports. In case of PxP (tiling) an integer number of multiplexed streams must fit within the output resolution. For instance, 4 D1 or 16 CIF frames fit in a 1920x1088 frame. Stream Duplication and Scaling A video input port can duplicate its stream, scale it down and compress it simultaneously with the original stream. For instance, a D1 or 720p30 stream can be copied, scaled down, frame rate-adapted to CIF or QCIF at 15 frames/second and compressed. In a video conferencing application a remote participant can receive this stream on a mobile phone. In a video surveillance application a security guard can receive this stream on a mobile phone, while the higher resolution stream is recorded to hard disk for later analysis. In a home video networking application the scaled down stream can be received on a parent s mobile phone to monitor what the kids are watching. Taos A Revolutionary H.264 Video Codec Architecture
5 W&W Communications 5 HD Encoding and Decoding Taos has the horsepower to encode or decode HD video up to 1080p60, which satisfies the most demanding applications. The quality of the video lies within 2 to 5% of the theoretical performance delivered by the JVT (Joint Video Team) JM (Joint Model) H.264 reference codec. Figure 10. Taos HD video quality compared to JVT JM results. The ability to process HD quality video has become a must for OEMs of enterprise video conferencing equipment. Falling prices of HD displays and ubiquity of broadband connections is making this possible. Also, early HD video conferencing systems showed marked increase of usability due to the life-like experience provided by an HD video feed. Continuously increasing storage capacity, video processing horsepower and image sensor resolutions against continuously falling prices is causing the video surveillance industry to shift from analog and hybrid systems to fully digital systems and from CIF and VGA resolutions to D1 and HD resolutions. Another trend that is causing the need for higher resolution surveillance video is in analytics, where highpowered back-end servers crunch through the video to perform object recognition. Back-end analytics needs to be run post facto on recorded video streams. Digitally zooming in on a face in the crowd needs to maintain sufficient image detail to be able to perform such analyses. In most practical cases the range of zoom factors to be expected leaves only HD video usable in such applications. Figure 11. Facial recognition using HD quality video. The trend towards everything HD in the home is making support for HD in wireless video networking a hard requirement. Here however, the requirement is to be able to support nothing less than 1080p60 video. Also in electronic newsgathering the trend is towards HD. With the February 2009 FCC deadline to switch off all analog broadcast looming, ENG systems are being converted to handle video formats from 720p30 up to 1080p60. Frame Rates and Resolutions Each video port may operate at different frame rates and resolutions, completely independent from each other. The earlier mentioned ability to handle up to 32 streams can be distributed across video ports. The relationship between frame rate and number of streams at a given resolution is given in the table below for 1080, 720, D1 and CIF resolutions, where n is the number of streams. Resolution 1080i/p 720p D1 CIF Frame Rate (n = streams) 60/n, n /n, n /n, n /n, n 32 An example of multi-stream, multi-port distribution for different frame rates and resolutions is given in Figure 12. Two conditions apply: 1. The total number of frames per second cannot exceed the equivalent of one 1080p60 stream or the equivalent of 1200 CIF frames/second. 2. The total number of streams cannot exceed 32. July 2007
6 6 W&W Communications In this example the conversion factor used between CIF and the other resolutions is according to the table below. Resolution CIF 1 D p i/p 16 Conversion Factor Figure 12. Example of frame rate and resolution distribution. Frame rates and resolutions can be changed dynamically, not exceeding the maximum processing capacity provided by Taos. Macro-block intra-refresh allows an I-frame to be distributed across multiple frames, thus smoothing out bit rate peaks in I-frame forcing and making I-frames more robust under noisy channel conditions an error occurring in an I-frame slice does not corrupt an entire I-frame in this case, but only the slice in which it occurred. Multiple slices are another method to contain and recover from errors quickly. By dividing up frames into multiple slices, an error in a slice does not propagate across the slice s boundary and is thus contained. Multiple slices and macro-block intra-refresh have both the effect of lowering overall bit error rates. Dynamic control of resolution and frame rate is an important feature in multi-channel applications, such as video surveillance and video conferencing. When a particular camera detects increased activity, the system can increase the resolution and frame rate for that particular video stream at the expense of other video streams and redirect Taos resources appropriately. Figure 13. Dynamic resolution and frame rate changes. Error Resiliency and Concealment Taos provides a series of powerful error resiliency features. Among these are variable GoP (Group of Pictures) size, I-frame forcing, macro-block intra-refresh and multiple slices. Variable GoP size can be used to make transmission of the compressed video more robust under noisy channel conditions. I-frame forcing can be used for reasonably noise-free transmission channels, which permit very long or infinite GoP sizes. The few times packets are corrupted or dropped, the decoder requests the encoder to transmit an I-frame, so that the decoder can recover from the problem. Figure 14. Various error resiliency techniques supported by Taos. On the decode side the decoder can either freeze on the frame immediately preceding the corrupted frame, or substitute corrupt macro-blocks with skips to cover them up. These error resiliency and concealment features are very important in real-time video feedback applications. The tolerance for errors is very low in all these applications and recovery must happen fast. Taos provides support for the implementation of H.241 protocols on a host processor for communication between the encoder and decoder. Through this, the decoder can signal the encoder to change GoP size, force an I-frame, change macro-block intra-refresh and multiple-slices parameters. Taos A Revolutionary H.264 Video Codec Architecture
7 W&W Communications 7 Figure 15. H.241 protocol support for error resiliency by Taos. Bit Rate Control Taos implements constant bit rate (CBR) control for network transmission applications as well as variable bit rate (VBR) control for storage applications. Bit rate control does not affect zero latency. The variance of the bit rate in case of VBR can be set, so as not to exceed available bandwidth of the storage interface. 100% Motion Information Access to motion information is Noisy Source important in video surveillance and video conferencing applications. In a video surveillance application this information can be used to detect an intruder or hazardous situation. In video conferencing applications the information can be used to automatically switch focus to a participant. Through Taos flexibility in reallocating videoprocessing resources dynamically, video frame rates and resolutions can be increased instantly for camera feeds in which motion has been detected. Bit Rate Taos provides raw motion information in two ways. One is by providing motion vector statistics (average, minimum, maximum and variance) across definable regions and the other is by providing complete motion vector maps and SAD (Sum of Absolute Differences) information for entire frames. Both motion information methods are highly computeintensive. Taos therefore off-loads an external host CPU from performing such calculations. Instead, the host may run OEM specific algorithms on the raw motion information, which interpret whether or not motion is occurring, what relevance the motion has and what action to undertake. Noise Filtering Taos implements in-loop, content-adaptive motioncompensated temporal filtering (CA-MCTF). This re-duces noise levels in the source video with filter strengths adaptively changing based on the content. Subjective quality greatly improves by leaving fine detailed features in the video unaffected, while removing random noise. Sharpness and clarity of the video is maintained as much as possible, while encoder bit rates are reduced by up to 45%. The single-pass, in-loop operation of the filter maintains zero encode-decode latency. 55% Bit Rate Figure 16. CA-MCTF for noise filtering. Network Efficiency CA-MTCF Filtered The Taos encoder takes into consideration maximum transmission unit (MTU) size. Slices can be defined as a function of the number of bytes that optimally fits in the MTU. This avoids fragmentation and segmentation. The result is that network bandwidth is not being wasted unnecessarily, but instead is optimally used, without the need for expensive over-provisioning. Programmability and Time-To-Revenue Taos strikes a good balance between programmability and hardwired functionality. Its rich register set provides extensive control over many of the video processing and system interface functions. Thus, developers do not have to take on the arduous, time-consuming and expensive task of application software porting and July 2007
8 programming of video compression algorithms, as is the case with integrated host CPU and programmable DSP architectures. This in turn means low risk development and quick time-to-revenue for OEMs. Low Power Dissipation and Cost Taos is designed with low power dissipation in mind. Total power dissipation in single channel 1080p60 mode is sub 500mW, or sub 25mW in single channel CIF mode at 30 frames/second. This addresses the most stringent power dissipation requirements for outdoor camera specifications. At the same time the Taos architecture has been designed with low cost in mind. This is achieved through a combination of efficient logic implementation, a 90nm silicon process and high channel densities. The result is the most competitive cost per channel in the industry. Conclusions Taos is a truly revolutionary H.264 codec architecture, which provides video processing functionality highly optimized for real-time video feedback systems, such as in video surveillance, video conferencing, video telephony, wireless video networking and electronic newsgathering applications. Its zero latency, true multi-channel and true HD capabilities meet the most difficult-to-satisfy requirements in these applications. Especially the zero latency capabilities address the most fundamental problem in these real-time feedback systems. By removing the latency normally introduced by video compressiondecompression systems, Taos opens up many more opportunities for H.264 video coding beyond the here mentioned target applications, such as in automotive and robotics. And by increasing channel density beyond any existing solution on the market today, Taos promises to bring down cost drastically in its target markets. For More Information Taos builds on the legacy of the W&W Communications WW10K and WW20K H.264 HD codec chipsets. These encoder-decoder chipsets are capable of the same low latencies. For more information on Taos and these chip- sets, contact W&W Communications at com or write an to info@wwcoms.com. W&W Communications, Inc. reserves the right to make changes to its products and product specifications at any time without notice. W&W Communications is a trademark of W&W Communications, Inc. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are property of their respective holders. Copyright W&W Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. USA & International Europe China W&W Communications, Inc Bunker Hill Lane, Suite 107 Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA Tel: Fax: info@wwcoms.com W&W Communications, Inc. Gran Via 6, 4 Madrid, 28013, Spain Tel: Fax: Beijing WWComs Info Technology Ltd. Shangdi DongLu #5-1 JingMeng GaoKe Bldg. A, Suite 201 Beijing, China Tel: Fax: www. wwcoms.com ww-wp-taos-r-1
Understanding Compression Technologies for HD and Megapixel Surveillance
When the security industry began the transition from using VHS tapes to hard disks for video surveillance storage, the question of how to compress and store video became a top consideration for video surveillance
More informationOL_H264e HDTV H.264/AVC Baseline Video Encoder Rev 1.0. General Description. Applications. Features
OL_H264e HDTV H.264/AVC Baseline Video Encoder Rev 1.0 General Description Applications Features The OL_H264e core is a hardware implementation of the H.264 baseline video compression algorithm. The core
More informationOL_H264MCLD Multi-Channel HDTV H.264/AVC Limited Baseline Video Decoder V1.0. General Description. Applications. Features
OL_H264MCLD Multi-Channel HDTV H.264/AVC Limited Baseline Video Decoder V1.0 General Description Applications Features The OL_H264MCLD core is a hardware implementation of the H.264 baseline video compression
More informationMotion Video Compression
7 Motion Video Compression 7.1 Motion video Motion video contains massive amounts of redundant information. This is because each image has redundant information and also because there are very few changes
More informationModule 8 VIDEO CODING STANDARDS. Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 8 VIDEO CODING STANDARDS Lesson 27 H.264 standard Lesson Objectives At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to: 1. State the broad objectives of the H.264 standard. 2. List the improved
More informationFrame Processing Time Deviations in Video Processors
Tensilica White Paper Frame Processing Time Deviations in Video Processors May, 2008 1 Executive Summary Chips are increasingly made with processor designs licensed as semiconductor IP (intellectual property).
More informationAUDIOVISUAL COMMUNICATION
AUDIOVISUAL COMMUNICATION Laboratory Session: Recommendation ITU-T H.261 Fernando Pereira The objective of this lab session about Recommendation ITU-T H.261 is to get the students familiar with many aspects
More informationContents. xv xxi xxiii xxiv. 1 Introduction 1 References 4
Contents List of figures List of tables Preface Acknowledgements xv xxi xxiii xxiv 1 Introduction 1 References 4 2 Digital video 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Analogue television 5 2.3 Interlace 7 2.4 Picture
More informationJoint Optimization of Source-Channel Video Coding Using the H.264/AVC encoder and FEC Codes. Digital Signal and Image Processing Lab
Joint Optimization of Source-Channel Video Coding Using the H.264/AVC encoder and FEC Codes Digital Signal and Image Processing Lab Simone Milani Ph.D. student simone.milani@dei.unipd.it, Summer School
More informationDigital Video Engineering Professional Certification Competencies
Digital Video Engineering Professional Certification Competencies I. Engineering Management and Professionalism A. Demonstrate effective problem solving techniques B. Describe processes for ensuring realistic
More informationContent storage architectures
Content storage architectures DAS: Directly Attached Store SAN: Storage Area Network allocates storage resources only to the computer it is attached to network storage provides a common pool of storage
More informationPerformance Evaluation of Error Resilience Techniques in H.264/AVC Standard
Performance Evaluation of Error Resilience Techniques in H.264/AVC Standard Ram Narayan Dubey Masters in Communication Systems Dept of ECE, IIT-R, India Varun Gunnala Masters in Communication Systems Dept
More informationResearch Topic. Error Concealment Techniques in H.264/AVC for Wireless Video Transmission in Mobile Networks
Research Topic Error Concealment Techniques in H.264/AVC for Wireless Video Transmission in Mobile Networks July 22 nd 2008 Vineeth Shetty Kolkeri EE Graduate,UTA 1 Outline 2. Introduction 3. Error control
More informationChapter 10 Basic Video Compression Techniques
Chapter 10 Basic Video Compression Techniques 10.1 Introduction to Video compression 10.2 Video Compression with Motion Compensation 10.3 Video compression standard H.261 10.4 Video compression standard
More informationOptimization of Multi-Channel BCH Error Decoding for Common Cases. Russell Dill Master's Thesis Defense April 20, 2015
Optimization of Multi-Channel BCH Error Decoding for Common Cases Russell Dill Master's Thesis Defense April 20, 2015 Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) BCH is an Error Correcting Code (ECC) and is used
More informationOPEN STANDARD GIGABIT ETHERNET LOW LATENCY VIDEO DISTRIBUTION ARCHITECTURE
2012 NDIA GROUND VEHICLE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM VEHICLE ELECTRONICS AND ARCHITECTURE (VEA) MINI-SYMPOSIUM AUGUST 14-16, MICHIGAN OPEN STANDARD GIGABIT ETHERNET LOW LATENCY VIDEO DISTRIBUTION
More informationBy David Acker, Broadcast Pix Hardware Engineering Vice President, and SMPTE Fellow Bob Lamm, Broadcast Pix Product Specialist
White Paper Slate HD Video Processing By David Acker, Broadcast Pix Hardware Engineering Vice President, and SMPTE Fellow Bob Lamm, Broadcast Pix Product Specialist High Definition (HD) television is the
More informationTechnical Note PowerPC Embedded Processors Video Security with PowerPC
Introduction For many reasons, digital platforms are becoming increasingly popular for video security applications. In comparison to traditional analog support, a digital solution can more effectively
More informationCOMP 249 Advanced Distributed Systems Multimedia Networking. Video Compression Standards
COMP 9 Advanced Distributed Systems Multimedia Networking Video Compression Standards Kevin Jeffay Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill jeffay@cs.unc.edu September,
More informationP1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABC c01 JWBK457-Richardson March 22, :45 Printer Name: Yet to Come
1 Introduction 1.1 A change of scene 2000: Most viewers receive analogue television via terrestrial, cable or satellite transmission. VHS video tapes are the principal medium for recording and playing
More informationImplementation of an MPEG Codec on the Tilera TM 64 Processor
1 Implementation of an MPEG Codec on the Tilera TM 64 Processor Whitney Flohr Supervisor: Mark Franklin, Ed Richter Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Fall
More informationVideo 1 Video October 16, 2001
Video Video October 6, Video Event-based programs read() is blocking server only works with single socket audio, network input need I/O multiplexing event-based programming also need to handle time-outs,
More informationFEATURES MPEG4/MJPEG DVR
FEATURES MPEG4/MJPEG DVR Technology Compression format providing crystal clear images with real time performance. Multiplex Allow live display, record, playback, backup and network operation at the same
More informationImage Acquisition Technology
Image Choosing the Right Image Acquisition Technology A Machine Vision White Paper 1 Today, machine vision is used to ensure the quality of everything from tiny computer chips to massive space vehicles.
More informationAbout... D 3 Technology TM.
About... D 3 Technology TM www.euresys.com Copyright 2008 Euresys s.a. Belgium. Euresys is a registred trademark of Euresys s.a. Belgium. Other product and company names listed are trademarks or trade
More informationHigh Performance Raster Scan Displays
High Performance Raster Scan Displays Item Type text; Proceedings Authors Fowler, Jon F. Publisher International Foundation for Telemetering Journal International Telemetering Conference Proceedings Rights
More informationWhite Paper. Video-over-IP: Network Performance Analysis
White Paper Video-over-IP: Network Performance Analysis Video-over-IP Overview Video-over-IP delivers television content, over a managed IP network, to end user customers for personal, education, and business
More informationROBUST ADAPTIVE INTRA REFRESH FOR MULTIVIEW VIDEO
ROBUST ADAPTIVE INTRA REFRESH FOR MULTIVIEW VIDEO Sagir Lawan1 and Abdul H. Sadka2 1and 2 Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University, London, UK ABSTRACT Transmission error propagation
More informationSkip Length and Inter-Starvation Distance as a Combined Metric to Assess the Quality of Transmitted Video
Skip Length and Inter-Starvation Distance as a Combined Metric to Assess the Quality of Transmitted Video Mohamed Hassan, Taha Landolsi, Husameldin Mukhtar, and Tamer Shanableh College of Engineering American
More informationAn Overview of Video Coding Algorithms
An Overview of Video Coding Algorithms Prof. Ja-Ling Wu Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Video coding can be viewed as image compression with a temporal
More informationVNP 100 application note: At home Production Workflow, REMI
VNP 100 application note: At home Production Workflow, REMI Introduction The At home Production Workflow model improves the efficiency of the production workflow for changing remote event locations by
More informationData Converters and DSPs Getting Closer to Sensors
Data Converters and DSPs Getting Closer to Sensors As the data converters used in military applications must operate faster and at greater resolution, the digital domain is moving closer to the antenna/sensor
More informationThe H.26L Video Coding Project
The H.26L Video Coding Project New ITU-T Q.6/SG16 (VCEG - Video Coding Experts Group) standardization activity for video compression August 1999: 1 st test model (TML-1) December 2001: 10 th test model
More informationBridging the Gap Between CBR and VBR for H264 Standard
Bridging the Gap Between CBR and VBR for H264 Standard Othon Kamariotis Abstract This paper provides a flexible way of controlling Variable-Bit-Rate (VBR) of compressed digital video, applicable to the
More informationSECURITY RECORDING 101
MODULE 2 SECURITY RECORDING 101 Page 1 BEGINNERS LEVEL MODULE 2. SECURITY RECORDING 101 Page 2 2.0 MODULE OUTLINE 2.1 Top DIY Recording Terms you need to know 2.2 DVR Features 2.3 DVR/NVR Technology Comparison
More informationUsing the VideoEdge IP Encoder with Intellex IP
This application note explains the tradeoffs inherent in using IP video and provides guidance on optimal configuration of the VideoEdge IP encoder with Intellex IP. The VideoEdge IP Encoder is a high performance
More informationIEEE802.11a Based Wireless AV Module(WAVM) with Digital AV Interface. Outline
IEEE802.11a Based Wireless AV Module() with Digital AV Interface TOSHIBA Corp. T.Wakutsu, N.Shibuya, E.Kamagata, T.Matsumoto, Y.Nagahori, T.Sakamoto, Y.Unekawa, K.Tagami, M.Serizawa Outline Background
More informationLow Power VLSI Circuits and Systems Prof. Ajit Pal Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Low Power VLSI Circuits and Systems Prof. Ajit Pal Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture No. # 29 Minimizing Switched Capacitance-III. (Refer
More informationDigital Video Telemetry System
Digital Video Telemetry System Item Type text; Proceedings Authors Thom, Gary A.; Snyder, Edwin Publisher International Foundation for Telemetering Journal International Telemetering Conference Proceedings
More informationEAN-Performance and Latency
EAN-Performance and Latency PN: EAN-Performance-and-Latency 6/4/2018 SightLine Applications, Inc. Contact: Web: sightlineapplications.com Sales: sales@sightlineapplications.com Support: support@sightlineapplications.com
More informationH.264/AVC Baseline Profile Decoder Complexity Analysis
704 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 13, NO. 7, JULY 2003 H.264/AVC Baseline Profile Decoder Complexity Analysis Michael Horowitz, Anthony Joch, Faouzi Kossentini, Senior
More informationAltera's 28-nm FPGAs Optimized for Broadcast Video Applications
Altera's 28-nm FPGAs Optimized for Broadcast Video Applications WP-01163-1.0 White Paper This paper describes how Altera s 40-nm and 28-nm FPGAs are tailored to help deliver highly-integrated, HD studio
More informationSCode V3.5.1 (SP-601 and MP-6010) Digital Video Network Surveillance System
V3.5.1 (SP-601 and MP-6010) Digital Video Network Surveillance System Core Technologies Image Compression MPEG4. It supports high compression rate with good image quality and reduces the requirement of
More informationVideo Coding IPR Issues
Video Coding IPR Issues Developing China s standard for HDTV and HD-DVD Cliff Reader, Ph.D. www.reader.com Agenda Which technology is patented? What is the value of the patents? Licensing status today.
More informationLecture 23: Digital Video. The Digital World of Multimedia Guest lecture: Jayson Bowen
Lecture 23: Digital Video The Digital World of Multimedia Guest lecture: Jayson Bowen Plan for Today Digital video Video compression HD, HDTV & Streaming Video Audio + Images Video Audio: time sampling
More informationRobust 3-D Video System Based on Modified Prediction Coding and Adaptive Selection Mode Error Concealment Algorithm
International Journal of Signal Processing Systems Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2014 Robust 3-D Video System Based on Modified Prediction Coding and Adaptive Selection Mode Error Concealment Algorithm Walid
More informationThe Dejero LIVE Platform
TM The Dejero LIVE Platform No Truck. No Cables. No Limits! Dejero Transforms Live Newsgathering Respond & Transmit Distribute Video Manage Resources Broadcast Live Televise breaking news faster, easier
More informationBit Rate Control for Video Transmission Over Wireless Networks
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(S), DOI: 0.75/ijst/06/v9iS/05, December 06 ISSN (Print) : 097-686 ISSN (Online) : 097-5 Bit Rate Control for Video Transmission Over Wireless Networks K.
More informationATSC Standard: Video Watermark Emission (A/335)
ATSC Standard: Video Watermark Emission (A/335) Doc. A/335:2016 20 September 2016 Advanced Television Systems Committee 1776 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 202-872-9160 i The Advanced Television
More informationMulticore Design Considerations
Multicore Design Considerations Multicore: The Forefront of Computing Technology We re not going to have faster processors. Instead, making software run faster in the future will mean using parallel programming
More information17 October About H.265/HEVC. Things you should know about the new encoding.
17 October 2014 About H.265/HEVC. Things you should know about the new encoding Axis view on H.265/HEVC > Axis wants to see appropriate performance improvement in the H.265 technology before start rolling
More informationUnderstanding IP Video for
Brought to You by Presented by Part 2 of 4 MAY 2007 www.securitysales.com A1 Part 2of 4 Clear Eye for the IP Video Guy By Bob Wimmer Principal Video Security Consultants cctvbob@aol.com AT A GLANCE Image
More informationB. The specified product shall be manufactured by a firm whose quality system is in compliance with the I.S./ISO 9001/EN 29001, QUALITY SYSTEM.
VideoJet 8000 8-Channel, MPEG-2 Encoder ARCHITECTURAL AND ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION Section 282313 Closed Circuit Video Surveillance Systems PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.01 MANUFACTURER A. Bosch Security Systems
More informationSystem Memory Requirements for Digital TV and Set-Top Platforms
White Paper System Memory Requirements for Digital TV and Set-Top Platforms This white paper provides background information on the memory requirements for Broadcom s video digital TV and set-top box back-end
More informationIEEE Santa Clara ComSoc/CAS Weekend Workshop Event-based analog sensing
IEEE Santa Clara ComSoc/CAS Weekend Workshop Event-based analog sensing Theodore Yu theodore.yu@ti.com Texas Instruments Kilby Labs, Silicon Valley Labs September 29, 2012 1 Living in an analog world The
More informationThe Multistandard Full Hd Video-Codec Engine On Low Power Devices
The Multistandard Full Hd Video-Codec Engine On Low Power Devices B.Susma (M. Tech). Embedded Systems. Aurora s Technological & Research Institute. Hyderabad. B.Srinivas Asst. professor. ECE, Aurora s
More informationATI Theater 650 Pro: Bringing TV to the PC. Perfecting Analog and Digital TV Worldwide
ATI Theater 650 Pro: Bringing TV to the PC Perfecting Analog and Digital TV Worldwide Introduction: A Media PC Revolution After years of build-up, the media PC revolution has begun. Driven by such trends
More informationREGIONAL NETWORKS FOR BROADBAND CABLE TELEVISION OPERATIONS
REGIONAL NETWORKS FOR BROADBAND CABLE TELEVISION OPERATIONS by Donald Raskin and Curtiss Smith ABSTRACT There is a clear trend toward regional aggregation of local cable television operations. Simultaneously,
More informationFilm Grain Technology
Film Grain Technology Hollywood Post Alliance February 2006 Jeff Cooper jeff.cooper@thomson.net What is Film Grain? Film grain results from the physical granularity of the photographic emulsion Film grain
More informationVideo Transmission. Thomas Wiegand: Digital Image Communication Video Transmission 1. Transmission of Hybrid Coded Video. Channel Encoder.
Video Transmission Transmission of Hybrid Coded Video Error Control Channel Motion-compensated Video Coding Error Mitigation Scalable Approaches Intra Coding Distortion-Distortion Functions Feedback-based
More information1ms Column Parallel Vision System and It's Application of High Speed Target Tracking
Proceedings of the 2(X)0 IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation San Francisco, CA April 2000 1ms Column Parallel Vision System and It's Application of High Speed Target Tracking Y. Nakabo,
More informationMGW ACE. Compact HEVC / H.265 Hardware Encoder VIDEO INNOVATIONS
MGW ACE Compact HEVC / H.265 Hardware Encoder VITEC introduces MGW Ace, the world's first HEVC / H.264 hardware encoder in a professional grade compact streaming appliance. MGW Ace's advanced HEVC compression
More informationHigh Efficiency Video coding Master Class. Matthew Goldman Senior Vice President TV Compression Technology Ericsson
High Efficiency Video coding Master Class Matthew Goldman Senior Vice President TV Compression Technology Ericsson Video compression evolution High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC): A new standardized compression
More informationMPEGTool: An X Window Based MPEG Encoder and Statistics Tool 1
MPEGTool: An X Window Based MPEG Encoder and Statistics Tool 1 Toshiyuki Urabe Hassan Afzal Grace Ho Pramod Pancha Magda El Zarki Department of Electrical Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia,
More informationUniversity of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research. Peer reviewed version. Link to published version (if available): /ISCAS.2005.
Wang, D., Canagarajah, CN., & Bull, DR. (2005). S frame design for multiple description video coding. In IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) Kobe, Japan (Vol. 3, pp. 19 - ). Institute
More informationChapter 2 Introduction to
Chapter 2 Introduction to H.264/AVC H.264/AVC [1] is the newest video coding standard of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). The main improvements
More informationATSC TELEVISION IN TRANSITION. Sep 20, Harmonic Inc. All rights reserved worldwide.
Sep 20, 2016 ATSC TELEVISION IN TRANSITION ATSC 1.0 Overview The move from analog to digital 2 The ATSC 1 Digital Paradigm Shift ATSC broadcasters built systems based on the state of the art (at the time)
More informationVideo Over Mobile Networks
Video Over Mobile Networks Professor Mohammed Ghanbari Department of Electronic systems Engineering University of Essex United Kingdom June 2005, Zadar, Croatia (Slides prepared by M. Mahdi Ghandi) INTRODUCTION
More informationPattern Smoothing for Compressed Video Transmission
Pattern for Compressed Transmission Hugh M. Smith and Matt W. Mutka Department of Computer Science Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824-1027 {smithh,mutka}@cps.msu.edu Abstract: In this paper
More information1022 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 19, NO. 4, APRIL 2010
1022 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 19, NO. 4, APRIL 2010 Delay Constrained Multiplexing of Video Streams Using Dual-Frame Video Coding Mayank Tiwari, Student Member, IEEE, Theodore Groves,
More informationHEVC H.265 TV ANALYSER
INTRODUCING THE WORLD S FIRST HEVC H.265 METER & TV ANALYSER Digital terrestrial TV is at the dawn of a new transformation driven by the need to release yet further spectrum in the so called second dividend
More informationHow Does H.264 Work? SALIENT SYSTEMS WHITE PAPER. Understanding video compression with a focus on H.264
SALIENT SYSTEMS WHITE PAPER How Does H.264 Work? Understanding video compression with a focus on H.264 Salient Systems Corp. 10801 N. MoPac Exp. Building 3, Suite 700 Austin, TX 78759 Phone: (512) 617-4800
More informationNew Technologies for Premium Events Contribution over High-capacity IP Networks. By Gunnar Nessa, Appear TV December 13, 2017
New Technologies for Premium Events Contribution over High-capacity IP Networks By Gunnar Nessa, Appear TV December 13, 2017 1 About Us Appear TV manufactures head-end equipment for any of the following
More informationComparing Ethernet and SerDes in ADAS Applications
Single-pair Ethernet is currently being deployed in automobiles over unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable. Ethernet shows great promise as an in-vehicle networking technology for the connected car due to
More informationEnding the Multipoint Videoconferencing Compromise. Delivering a Superior Meeting Experience through Universal Connection & Encoding
Ending the Multipoint Videoconferencing Compromise Delivering a Superior Meeting Experience through Universal Connection & Encoding C Ending the Multipoint Videoconferencing Compromise Delivering a Superior
More informationDVR or NVR? Video Recording For Multi-Site Systems Explained DVR OR NVR? 1
DVR or NVR? Video Recording For Multi-Site Systems Explained DVR OR NVR? WWW.INDIGOVISION.COM 1 Introduction This article explains the functional differences between Digital Video Recorders (DVRs) and
More informationVideo compression principles. Color Space Conversion. Sub-sampling of Chrominance Information. Video: moving pictures and the terms frame and
Video compression principles Video: moving pictures and the terms frame and picture. one approach to compressing a video source is to apply the JPEG algorithm to each frame independently. This approach
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.1203 *
Rec. TU-R BT.1203 1 RECOMMENDATON TU-R BT.1203 * User requirements for generic bit-rate reduction coding of digital TV signals (, and ) for an end-to-end television system (1995) The TU Radiocommunication
More informationThe H.263+ Video Coding Standard: Complexity and Performance
The H.263+ Video Coding Standard: Complexity and Performance Berna Erol (bernae@ee.ubc.ca), Michael Gallant (mikeg@ee.ubc.ca), Guy C t (guyc@ee.ubc.ca), and Faouzi Kossentini (faouzi@ee.ubc.ca) Department
More informationMicrobolometer based infrared cameras PYROVIEW with Fast Ethernet interface
DIAS Infrared GmbH Publications No. 19 1 Microbolometer based infrared cameras PYROVIEW with Fast Ethernet interface Uwe Hoffmann 1, Stephan Böhmer 2, Helmut Budzier 1,2, Thomas Reichardt 1, Jens Vollheim
More informationG-106 GWarp Processor. G-106 is multiple purpose video processor with warp, de-warp, video wall control, format conversion,
G-106 GWarp Processor G-106 is multiple purpose video processor with warp, de-warp, video wall control, format conversion, scaler switcher, PIP/POP, 3D format conversion, image cropping and flip/rotation.
More informationA low-power portable H.264/AVC decoder using elastic pipeline
Chapter 3 A low-power portable H.64/AVC decoder using elastic pipeline Yoshinori Sakata, Kentaro Kawakami, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, Masahiko Graduate School, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8507 Japan Email:
More information06 Video. Multimedia Systems. Video Standards, Compression, Post Production
Multimedia Systems 06 Video Video Standards, Compression, Post Production Imran Ihsan Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan www.imranihsan.com Lectures
More informationMPEG-2. ISO/IEC (or ITU-T H.262)
1 ISO/IEC 13818-2 (or ITU-T H.262) High quality encoding of interlaced video at 4-15 Mbps for digital video broadcast TV and digital storage media Applications Broadcast TV, Satellite TV, CATV, HDTV, video
More informationModule 8 VIDEO CODING STANDARDS. Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 8 VIDEO CODING STANDARDS Lesson 24 MPEG-2 Standards Lesson Objectives At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to: 1. State the basic objectives of MPEG-2 standard. 2. Enlist the profiles
More informationHow to Manage Video Frame- Processing Time Deviations in ASIC and SOC Video Processors
WHITE PAPER How to Manage Video Frame- Processing Time Deviations in ASIC and SOC Video Processors Some video frames take longer to process than others because of the nature of digital video compression.
More informationModeling and Evaluating Feedback-Based Error Control for Video Transfer
Modeling and Evaluating Feedback-Based Error Control for Video Transfer by Yubing Wang A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the Requirements
More informationTutorial on the Grand Alliance HDTV System
Tutorial on the Grand Alliance HDTV System FCC Field Operations Bureau July 27, 1994 Robert Hopkins ATSC 27 July 1994 1 Tutorial on the Grand Alliance HDTV System Background on USA HDTV Why there is a
More informationAlain Legault Hardent. Create Higher Resolution Displays With VESA Display Stream Compression
Alain Legault Hardent Create Higher Resolution Displays With VESA Display Stream Compression What Is VESA? 2 Why Is VESA Needed? Video In Processor TX Port RX Port Display Module To Display Mobile application
More informationAN IMPROVED ERROR CONCEALMENT STRATEGY DRIVEN BY SCENE MOTION PROPERTIES FOR H.264/AVC DECODERS
AN IMPROVED ERROR CONCEALMENT STRATEGY DRIVEN BY SCENE MOTION PROPERTIES FOR H.264/AVC DECODERS Susanna Spinsante, Ennio Gambi, Franco Chiaraluce Dipartimento di Elettronica, Intelligenza artificiale e
More informationCompressed-Sensing-Enabled Video Streaming for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks Abstract:
Compressed-Sensing-Enabled Video Streaming for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks Abstract: This article1 presents the design of a networked system for joint compression, rate control and error correction
More informationPRODUCT BROCHURE. Broadcast Solutions. Gemini Matrix Intercom System. Mentor RG + MasterMind Sync and Test Pulse Generator
PRODUCT BROCHURE Broadcast Solutions Gemini Matrix Intercom System Mentor RG + MasterMind Sync and Test Pulse Generator GEMINI DIGITAL MATRIX INTERCOM SYSTEM In high profile broadcast environments operating
More informationSCode V3.5.1 (SP-501 and MP-9200) Digital Video Network Surveillance System
V3.5.1 (SP-501 and MP-9200) Digital Video Network Surveillance System Core Technologies Image Compression MPEG4. It supports high compression rate with good image quality and reduces the requirement of
More informationCoding. Multiple Description. Packet networks [1][2] a new technology for video streaming over the Internet. Andrea Vitali STMicroelectronics
Coding Multiple Description a new technology for video streaming over the Internet Andrea Vitali STMicroelectronics The Internet is growing quickly as a network of heterogeneous communication networks.
More informationUnderstanding IP Video for
Brought to You by Presented by Part 3 of 4 B1 Part 3of 4 Clearing Up Compression Misconception By Bob Wimmer Principal Video Security Consultants cctvbob@aol.com AT A GLANCE Three forms of bandwidth compression
More informationDigital Media. Daniel Fuller ITEC 2110
Digital Media Daniel Fuller ITEC 2110 Daily Question: Video How does interlaced scan display video? Email answer to DFullerDailyQuestion@gmail.com Subject Line: ITEC2110-26 Housekeeping Project 4 is assigned
More informationHands-On Real Time HD and 3D IPTV Encoding and Distribution over RF and Optical Fiber
Hands-On Encoding and Distribution over RF and Optical Fiber Course Description This course provides systems engineers and integrators with a technical understanding of current state of the art technology
More informationIntroduction to Video Compression Techniques. Slides courtesy of Tay Vaughan Making Multimedia Work
Introduction to Video Compression Techniques Slides courtesy of Tay Vaughan Making Multimedia Work Agenda Video Compression Overview Motivation for creating standards What do the standards specify Brief
More informationPRODUCT BROCHURE. Gemini Matrix Intercom System. Mentor RG + MasterMind Sync and Test Pulse Generator
PRODUCT BROCHURE Gemini Matrix Intercom System Mentor RG + MasterMind Sync and Test Pulse Generator GEMINI DIGITAL MATRIX INTERCOM SYSTEM In high profile broadcast environments operating around the clock,
More informationAT780PCI. Digital Video Interfacing Products. Multi-standard DVB-T2/T/C Receiver & Recorder & TS Player DVB-ASI & DVB-SPI outputs
Digital Video Interfacing Products AT780PCI Multi-standard DVB-T2/T/C Receiver & Recorder & TS Player DVB-ASI & DVB-SPI outputs Standard Features - PCI 2.2, 32 bit, 33/66MHz 3.3V. - Bus Master DMA, Scatter
More information