Steel Sheet Piling. HZ Steel Wall System IMPERIAL UNITS EDITION 2007

Transcription

1 Steel Sheet Piling HZ Steel Wall Sstem IMPERIAL UNITS EDITION 2007

2 Our mill producing the HZ king pile elements needs to be reamped in order to offer in the coming months a brand new sstem proiding a wider range of technical possibilities and allowing the design of more cost-effectie solutions. During this transition period our current HZ production will be limited to the HZ 775 and HZ 975 series. This reised Ma 2007 edition shows all the solutions aailable during this transition period, and includes the new wide intermediate AZ steel sheet piles AZ and AZ For further information, feel free to contact our sales or technical department in Luxembourg, or our worldwide sales network. Updated information will also be posted on our website Arcelor Mittal reseres the right to replace without prior notice the existing HZ/AZ combined wall sstem b an equialent sstem. Contents HZ Steel Wall Sstem... 1 HZ King Piles... 2 Solutions... 3 Determination of the Modulus... 5 AZ Intermediar Piles... 6 Connectors... 6 Combinations... 8 Anchorage of HZ Walls Design of the HZ Steel Wall Sstem Installation combined HZ walls Research and Deelopment Limit Water Pressure Delier Conditions Standard welding configuration Table of Combinations according to Modulus coer photo: Mose project (2005), Chioggia Lock, Venice, Ital

3 HZ Steel Wall Sstem The HZ wall is a combined sstem incorporating: -HZ king piles as structural supports, -AZ sheet piles as intermediate infill elements. Afull range of standardseries sections interlinked b special connectors. Sstemwise assembl of these basic elements ields amultitude of possible combinations. All combinations are based on the same principle: structural supports comprising one or more HZ king pile sections alternating with intermediate double AZ sheet pile sections. Structurall,the HZ king piles fulfil two different functions: - as retaining members, the resist horizontal loads resulting from earth and hdrostatic pressures, -as bearing piles, the resist ertical superimposed loads. The intermediate sheet piles hae onl an earth-retaining and load transfer function and the ma be shorter than the HZ king piles. Depending on the structural combination and grade of steel adopted,bending moments up to 2020 kips ft/ft can be safel resisted b HZ walling. Meaning the practical range of sectional combinations is characterised b loadings unsuitable for conentional sheet piling. Concurrentl,anexcellent section modulus to weight ratio ensures economical design. Theoutstandingfeatureofthenewcombination is the extensie range of possible combinations using the entire AZ sheet pile offer, if necessar, including all up and down rolled ariants. 1

4 HZ King Piles Dimensions h b t s r in in in in in Suitable connector RZDU 16 RH RZDU 16 RH 16 HZ 775 C RZDU 18 RH 20 HZ 775 D RZDU 18 RH 20 HZ 975 A RZDU 16 RH 16 HZ 975 B RZDU 16 RH 16 HZ 975 C RZDU 18 RH 20 HZ 975 D RZDU 18 RH 20 Solution 10 Properties per solution al Mass Momentof Elastic section Radius of Coating area Dimensions area inertia modulus gration Water- Land u - z-z - z-z - z-z side side in in in 2 lb/ft in 4 in 4 in 3 in 3 in in ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D

5 Solution 12 Delier Form Properties per solution al Mass Moment of * Elastic section ** Elastic section Radius of Coating area Dimensions area inertia modulus modulus gration Water- Land u u - z-z - z-z - - z-z side side in in in in in in 2 lb/ft in 4 in 4 in 3 in 3 in 3 in in ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( resp. u ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ) Solution 14 Delier Form Properties per solution al Mass Moment of * Elastic section ** Elastic section Radius of Coating area Dimensions area inertia modulus modulus gration Water- Land u u - z-z - z-z - - z-z side side in in in in in in in 2 lb/ft in 4 in 4 in 3 in 3 in 3 in in ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; resp. u ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ) 3

6 Solution 22 Form a Delier Form Form b Properties per solution al Mass Moment of * Elastic section ** Elastic section Radius of Coating area Dimensions area inertia modulus modulus gration Water- Land= = u u - z-z - z-z - - z-z side side in in in in in 2 lb/ft in 4 in 4 in 3 in 3 in 3 in in ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector, ** Referring outside of HZ-flange Solution 24 Form a Delier Form Form b al Mass Moment of * Elastic section ** Elastic section Radius of Coating area Dimensions area inertia modulus modulus gration Water- Land u u - z-z - z-z - - z-z side side in in in in in in in 2 lb/ft in 4 in 4 in 3 in 3 in 3 in in ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; resp. u ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ) Properties per solution HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D

7 Solution 26 Form a Form b Delier Form Properties per solution al Mass Moment of * Elastic section ** Elastic section Radius of Coating area Dimensions area inertia modulus modulus gration Water- Land u u - z-z - z-z - - z-z side side in in in in in in in 2 lb/ft in 4 in 4 in 3 in 3 in 3 in in ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; resp. u ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ) Determination of the Modulus For more transparenc this catalogue gies two different alues for the section modulus of solutions and combinations instead of the approximate single alue of the preious editions. In the tables of the characteristics of the solutions and combinations there are generall two alues for the section modulus: one is referring to the outside fibre of the connector one is referring to the outside fibre ofthe king pile flange Moment of inertia modulus ** = max (,') modulus *= Moment of inertia max ( '', ''') where max (,') represents the highest alue of or ' where max ('',''') represents the highest alue of'' or ''' 5

8 AZ Intermediar Piles Dimensions Properties Double Piles h b t s al Mass Moment of Elastic section Radius of Coating area area inertia modulus gration in in in in in 2 lb/ft in 4 in 3 in ft 2 /ft AZ AZ 13 10/ AZ AZ 18 10/ AZ AZ AZ AZ Connectors h b a a Suitable king pile al Mass Moment of Elastic section Coating area area inertia modulus Water- Land- z-z - z-z side side in in in in in 2 lb/ft in 4 in 4 in 3 in 3 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft RZD B/HZ 975 A-B RZU B/HZ 975 A-B RZD HZ 775 C-D/HZ 975 C-D RZU HZ 775 C-D/HZ 975 C-D RH B/HZ 975 A-B RH HZ 775 C-D/HZ 975 C-D Without other specification all the connectors are in grade S430 GP. Description of the combinations designation of the king pile 2connectors 1RZD +1RZU / AZ 18 king pile 1 king pile AZ 18 double pile as intermediate 6

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10 Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ 13 Coating area in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors =Length ofaz Combination HZ /AZ 13 *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors =Length ofaz mm in *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ 13 Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D

11 Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ 13 Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors RZ =Length ofaz, Length ofconnectors RH =Length ofhz Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ 13 Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors RZ +2RH =Length ofaz, Length of2connectors RH =Length ofhz 9

12 Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ Coating area in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors =Length ofaz Combination HZ /AZ mm *** in *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors =Length ofaz 10

13 Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors RZ =Length ofaz, Length ofconnectors RH =Length ofhz Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors RZ +2RH =Length ofaz, Length of2connectors RH =Length ofhz 11

14 Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ 18 Coating area in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors =Length ofaz Combination HZ /AZ in mm *** *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ 18 Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors =Length ofaz 12

15 Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ 18 Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors RZ =Length ofaz, Length ofconnectors RH =Length ofhz Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ 18 Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors RZ +2RH =Length ofaz, Length of2connectors RH =Length ofhz 13

16 Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ Coating area in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors =Length ofaz Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors =Length ofaz 14

17 Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors RZ =Length ofaz, Length ofconnectors RH =Length ofhz Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors RZ +2RH =Length ofaz, Length of2connectors RH =Length ofhz 15

18 Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ 26 Coating area in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors =Length ofaz Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ 26 Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors =Length ofaz 16

19 Combination HZ /AZ mm*** in Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ 26 Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors RZ =Length ofaz, Length ofconnectors RH =Length ofhz Combination HZ /AZ mm in *** *** Dimensions Properties per foot of wall Mass of combination with intermediar section al Moment * Elastic ** Elastic **** AZ 26 Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 lb/ft 2 ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector (highest alue of ; ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange (highest alue of ; ), *** Rounded alue, **** Length ofconnectors RZ +2 RH =Length ofaz, Length of2connectors RH =Length ofhz 17

20 Combination C1 Driing Direction Delier Form Dimensions Properties per foot of wall b al Mass Moment * Elastic ** Elastic Coating area in in in in in 2 /ft lb/ft 2 in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange () Combination C23 Driing Direction Form a Form b Delier Form Dimensions Properties per foot of wall b al Mass Moment * Elastic ** Elastic Coating area in in in in in in 2 /ft lb/ft 2 in 4 /ft in 3 /ft in 3 /ft ft 2 /ft ft 2 /ft HZ 775 C HZ 775 D HZ 975 A HZ 975 B HZ 975 C HZ 975 D *Referring outside of connector ( ), ** Referring outside of HZ-flange () 18

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22 Anchorage of HZ Walls Tie-Back Sstem Anchorage of HZ walling can be proided simpl and effec-tiel. A tie rod links each HZ king pile to a steel sheet pile anchor wall or to isolated sheet pile panels -a particularl economic solution. Because each king pile is anchored, acomplicated waler sstem is not required. The tie rod is simpl linked to the releant H-pile b two T-connectors and apin. T-connectors are threaded through oxacetlene-cut slots in the rear flanges of the drien H-piles. Loads are thereb applied close to the web. Conentional anchoring, incorporating awaler sstem, is also possible. HZ walling can also be anchored b batter piles or b ground or rock anchors. Connection Detail HZ Pile and Tie rod Anchor Slots To reduce anchoring work on site, HZsections can be deliered with precut anchor slots, on request. The accompaning illustration shows tie rod slots being cut. Dimensions h and b ar with the tie rod diameter. Anchor slots 20

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24 Design of the HZ Steel Wall Sstem 22 The design of acantileer or anchored wall is consistent with that of all standard sheet pile walls, but calculating the section of combined HZ walling ma be undertaken somewhat differentl toconentional sheet piling. In combined walls, saings can be achieed in terms of steel grade and pile length for the intermediate sheet piles. - In the stress analsis, the intermediate sheet pile onl resists a small portion of the bending moment proportional to its own contribution to the combined moment of inertia. Stresses in the infill sheet pile are inariabl less than stresses in the HZ king pile sections. The result is that alow ield point steel grade can normall be used for the AZ sheet pile sections. Moment of inertia of one HZ/AZ sstem: I sstem = I HZ + I AZ (in 4 ) Moment of inertia of the sstem per m of wall: I sstem/ft = I HZ + I AZ (in 4 /ft) b sstem with b sstem =width ofone sstem (HZ/AZ combination) I sstem = moment of inertia of one sstem (HZ/AZ combination) I sstem/ft =moment of inertia of the wall per ft of wall I HZ =moment of inertia of one HZ solution =moment of inertia of one AZ double sheet pile I AZ It is assumed that the bending moments are distributed proportionall tothe stiffness of the different elements. Bending moment transmitted to the HZ king pile: M HZ = I HZ I sstem M max * b sstem = I HZ I HZ + I AZ M max * b sstem with M max = maximum bending moment per ft of wall (kips * ft/ft) HZ = steel stresses in the HZ beam: I HZ HZ = M M max * b sstem HZ I = = M ax (,') * b HZ + I AZ sstem M max W HZ I HZ I HZ + I AZ M ax (,') 1 HZ = M max W HZ,eq I Where W HZ,eq = HZ + I AZ b sstem * M ax (,') (in 3 /ft) per ft of wall with W HZ,eq = equialent section modulus to determine the stresses in the HZ section,' = distance ofthe neutral axis tothe outside fibre ofthe HZ flanges Max(,) = highest alue ofand Note: W HZ,eq islabelled in the tables simpl as elastic section modulus. For the connectors RH /RZD /RZU, replace Max (,) with Max (, ). Bending moment transmitted to the intermediate AZ sheet pile: M AZ = I AZ M max * b sstem = I sstem AZ = M AZ = W AZ I AZ I sstem W AZ I AZ I HZ + I AZ M max * b sstem M max * b sstem where M max = maximum bending moment per ft of wall (kips * ft/ft) W AZ =section modulus of the intermediate AZ sheet piles (in³) - In the ground, where there isearth support and embedment, the length of the intermediate sheet piles can be considerabl curtailed. - In general, bending is less in the embedded portion than in the retaining portion of the wall, especiall in the case of an anchored design, and the limited strength in bending of the intermediate sheet piles can be neglected. - In the infill role the intermediate sheet piling is onl required to resist actie earth pressures down to the zero earth pressure leel. As a factor of safet, its length is extended below this leel (Fig. a). - HZ king pile spacing should be so that full continuous earth resistance issafeguarded. When determining pile spacing, arching properties of the soils should be considered. If these properties are negligible (eg. in soft mud or where groundwater pressure is high), the transerse load capacit of the intermediate sheet piles needs to be checked. If the spacing of the king piles gets too big, the deelopment of the retaining force in front of the wall has to be checked. Furthermore, if groundwater pressures are high, the risk of seepage beneath the toe should not be neglected when curtailing the length of the intermediate sheet piles. The section modulus of the HZ king piles can be adapted to the resultant bending moment b adding RH sections or b welding stiffening plates to their flanges. As aresult, alighter section can be selected and simpl strengthened locall where maximum bending occurs (Figs. band c).

25 The new combined walling, in which the full range of AZ sections can be used as intermediate sheet piles, offers flexibilit in terms of design. Heaier AZ sections can also be selected to enhance corrosion resistance orin cases inoling difficult driing conditions. The HZ king piles are capable of transferring high ertical loads to the subsoil. In such cases, stress analsis should include ertical loads and additional bending moments induced b deflection. Fig. a Fig. b Fig. c 23

26 Installing combined HZ walls Procedure HZ walls can be installed on land and in water.in both cases the procedure is the same. First the king piles are drien in small or large driing steps. Then the intermediate sheet piles are pitched and drien. If geotechnical conditions are difficult, it ma be necessar to carr out the whole driing operation in two stages. In this case the first stage is to drie the king piles as far as possible, or to apredetermined intermediate depth. The intermediate sheet piles are then threaded and drien, generall to the same depth as the king piles, or to ashallower depth. The second stage is to drie first the king piles and then the infill sheets down to the design depth orto refusal. Driing equipment and driing aids With current technolog hammer or ibrator equipment can be used to drie king and intermediate sheet piles. Vibrator equipment should be preferred whereer possible (less damage to the pile). Acombination of the two techniques can be used aboe all in driing the king piles. In this case the king piles are first drien using ibration, as described aboe, and then the final depth isreached using ahammer.tpes of hammers used are free-fall hammers, diesel hammers and hdraulic hammers. If using free-fall or diesel hammers, adriing cap must be used, and in the case of ahdraulic hammer,adriing plate which fits the pile head. If, howeer, ibration is used for driing, correct load transfer to the pile must be ensured b fitting acorresponding clamp to the pile head. Double clamps are used for box piles and for intermediate AZ sheet piles. Intermediate sheet piles are generall drien b ibrational means. If geotechnical conditions are difficult, driing is facilitated b means of auxiliar techniques such as: - Low-pressure orhigh-pressure jetting in granular or lightl cohesie soil - Predrilling - Drillings combined with soil replacement - Pre-blasting - Thickening the cross section at the toe of the pile in cohesie soils with the aim of reducing skin friction. These techniques appl to king piles as well as to intermediate sheet piles. Installation methods It is essential that the king piles are driing in the correct position and erticall,or at the prescribed batter.two different methods can be used. Method 1 Use ofatemplate with two guide leels at which the pitching positions for the piles are set. The ertical distance between the two guide leels should not be less than 3m. Whereer possible agreater distance should be chosen. The lower guide should be set as low as possible. When driing in water the template ismounted on auxiliar piles. On land the template can stand on the ground and should be secured firml against an shifting. The template must of course be correctl aligned with the wall axis. Depending on the design, such templates can hae space for 5 to 9 king piles. These primar piles are drien using afreehanging ibrator or ahammer guided b ahanging leader, the ibrator being the most commonl used equipment. When all the piles of atemplate are drien, the template is repositioned. Intermediate sheet piles can then be installed, for example, b asecond driing team. 24

27 Method 2 The king piles are drien using piling equipment guided b afixed leader.the correct driing angle, in the direction of the pile axis, must be ensured b the leader,and the correct positioning through asimple horizontal driing guide. When piling in water the latter is secured aboe the water leel on auxiliar piles, in all other cases it is set down on the driing platform and secured. In both methods it is important to constantl check that the position of the king piles is as close as possible to the design position. This is essential for trouble-free driing of the intermediate sheet piles. At the depth of the toe of the sheet piling, the spacing between the king piles should not deiate b more than 200 mm. Useful hints If the rock horizon is higher than the required penetration depth of the combined wall the bottom of the piling can be secured b dowelling the king pile to the underling rock (toe pin). Another solution is to pitch the king piles into corresponding predrillings. It is adisable to choose aibrator with asufficient power resere. This helps guard against the danger of interlock damage through oerheating. Hammers should also be sufficientl powerful so as to aoid, for example, local deformation of the piles. Hammers with ariable impact energ are preferable. If, when installing the intermediate sheet piles, progress is impossible or can onl be achieed through excessie driing energ,check the following: - Check that there are no obstructions in the soil. This can be done, for example, b extracting the intermediate sheet pile and re-driing it outside the interlocks. -Check that the spacing and the positioning of the king piles is correct. This can be done, for example, bmeans of an inclinometer.atube of the same diameter as the inclinometer is fitted with acorresponding interlock piece and jetted in at the back of the king piles. The measurements taken b the inclinometer will gie information on the actual position of the king pile at the releant depths. If itis established that the spacing between the king piles does not correspond to the requirements, the king piles must be extracted and redrien. It is not recommended to force the driing of an intermediate sheet pile, as experience shows that this generall leads to damage and often to de-clutching problems. If geotechnical conditions are problematic and if driing is expected to be difficult, it ma be adisable to fit jetting tubes tothe intermediate sheet piles, close to the free threading interlocks, for low-pressure jetting to facilitate driing. For high-pressure jetting it is recommended to use an appropriatel equipped displacement pile. This displacement pile is drien prior to inserting the actual intermediatesheet pile, and then extracted. Informatie drawings double clamps tubes for low pressure jetting thickening of the cross section 25

28 Research and Deelopment Limit Water Pressure During the deelopment of the HZ sstem Arcelor Mittal in collaboration with independent research institutes carried out tests on double Z sheet piles used as intermediar elements in acombined wall. The aim of the tests was todetermine the load-carring behaiour of these elements when loaded b water pressure. Two hdraulic jacks acting at the flange corners of the Z-piles simulated the water pressure loading. It had been shown inthe framework of a preious research project ia finite element simulations that these concentrated loads ma be considered an acceptable approximation for ahdrostatic pressure distribution. From the outcome of the tests the excellent behaiour of this tpe of combined wall under hdrostatic loading was confirmed: differential water head up to 15 m could be borne b the sstem without failure. During all the tests no declutching occurred, proing the reliabilit of the connections. Limit water pressure (lbs/ft 2 ) for HZ-AZ Sstem (p(x<x) =95%) Pile Steel grade HZ-flange e-mm (in) 17 (0.67) 18(0.71) 19 (0.75) 20 (0.79) 21 (0.83) 23 (0.91) AZ 13 S355 GP S430 GP AZ 18 S355 GP S430 GP AZ 26 S355 GP S430 GP These alues ma be considered as characteristic alues 26

29 Delier Conditions Tolerances following EN HZ AZ Weight ±5% Length ± 8in Thickness e in : in/-0.04 in e in:± 0.02 in e> in :+0.10 in /-0.06 in e> in:±6% Height < 20 in :±0.20 in 8in:±0.20 in 20 in :±0.28 in 8 in <±0.24 in<12in 12 in :±0.28 in Widthsingle pile ± 2% Width interlocked elements ±3% Straightness 0.2 %ofthe length Ends out of square 2%b Tolerances following ASTM A6 HZ AZ Weight ± 2.5 % Length - 0/+5in Aailable maximum length of piles HZ AZ RZD/RZU RH 108 ft 102 ft 79 ft 79 ft For greater delier lengths than indicated, enquire inadance. Steel Grades Standard referred to: EN Comparable International Standards Grade Min. Min. Min. USA Canada Japan ield tensile elongation point strength Lo=5.65 S o CSA JIS ksi ksi % ASTM G4021 A5528 S240 GP S270 GP A328 Gr. 260 W SY295 S320 GP Gr. 300 W S355 GP A572 Gr. 50; A690 Gr. 350 W S390 GP A 572 Gr. 55 SY 390 S430 GP A572 Gr. 60 Gr. 400 W Mill specification: S460 AP(*) A572 Gr.65 ASTM A690 aailable with f k 50 ksi The mechanical properties are shown in the table indicating comparable international standards towhich sheet piles can be ordered. The standard we normall refer to regarding steel grades for hot-rolled sheet piles is EN Part 1. Suppl to other standards is possible on request. For the chemical analsis see corresponding standard. Other qualities of the tpe: steel with copper addition special steels steel with an improed corrosion resistance, on request. Aproposed galanisation of the finished product for corrosion protection for instance, has an influence on the chemical analsis and must be specified in the purchase order. It is recommended that the manufacturer be informed b the purchaser at the time of the order, if asurface treatment on the product is foreseen after delier. (*) For more details, please contact our technical department. 27