Highlights in this issue:

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1 Cerebrovasc Dis 39(1) 1 74 (2015) print ISSN online e-issn Official journal of the Highlights in this issue: european stroke conference Cortical Ischemic Lesion Burden Measured by DIR Is Related to Carotid Artery Disease Severity Landi, D.; Maggio, P.; Lupoi, D.; Palazzo, P.; Altamura, C.; Falato, E.; Altavilla, R.; Vollaro, S.; Coniglio, A.D.; Tibuzzi, F.; Passarelli, F.; Silvestrini, M.; Pasqualetti, P.; Vernieri, F. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Renal Function: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Makin, S.D.J.; Cook, F.A.B; Dennis, M.S.; Wardlaw, J.M. Molecular Imaging of Carotid Plaque Vulnerability Alonso, A.; Artemis, D.; Hennerici, M.G. S. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers Basel. Freiburg. Paris. London. New York. Chennai. New Delhi. Bangkok. Beijing. Shanghai. Tokyo. Kuala Lumpur. Singapore. Sydney

2 24th European Stroke Conference Vienna, Austria May F15156

3 Founded 1991 by J. Bogousslavsky and M.G. Hennerici An Official Journal of european stroke conference Affiliated with European Stroke Conference European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamics ASIA Pacific Stroke Organisation Editor-in-Chief Michael G. Hennerici University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Associate Editors Harold P. Adams Jr. University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA Craig Anderson The George Institute for Global Health, Camperdown, Australia Dale Corbett University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada Larry B. Goldstein Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA Lorenz Hirt Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland Jong-Sung Kim University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Yoshihiro Kokubo National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita, Osaka, Japan Stephen Meairs University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Man Mohan Mehndiratta Janakpuri Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India Jay P. Mohr Neurological Institute, Tananbaum Stroke Center, New York, USA Yukito Shinohara Tachikawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore Managing Editor Marc Fatar University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Editorial Board Robert H. Ackerman Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA Juan F. Arenillas University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain Georg W.J. Auburger Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Hakan Ay Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, USA Jean-Claude Baron Sainte-Anne Hospital, Sorbonne, Paris, France Julien Bogousslavsky Genolier Swiss Medical Network, Montreux, Switzerland Natan Bornstein Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel Louis R. Caplan Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA Hugues Chabriat Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France Anastasios Chatzikonstantinou University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Leonardo G. Cohen National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, USA Stephen M.Davis Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia Gabriel R. de Freitas Institute D Or, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Hans-Christoph Diener University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Ulrich Dirnagl Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany Nima Etminan Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Stückle Druck, Ettenheim

4 Klaus Fassbender University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany Franz Fazekas Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria Valery L. Feigin Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand José M. Ferro Medical Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Jochen B. Fiebach Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany Nancy Futrell Intermountain Stroke Center, Salt Lake City, USA Achim Gass University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Steven M. Greenberg Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA Roman Haberl Medical Clinic Harlaching, München, Germany Graeme J. Hankey Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia Wolf-Dieter Heiss Max-Planck-Institute, Köln, Germany Marc Hommel University Hospital Grenoble, Grenoble, France Frances Horgan Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland Constantino Iadecola Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA Jaap L.J. Kappelle University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands Carlos S. Kase Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA Christof Kessler Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany Hiroyuki Kinouchi University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan Didier Leys University of Lille, Lille, France David S. Liebeskind University of California, Los Angeles, USA Gregory Y.H. Lip University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Xin-Feng Liu Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Eng H. Lo Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA Ayrton R. Massaro University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Kazuo Minematsu National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Japan Joan Montaner Hospital Vall d Hebron, Barcelona, Spain Masao Nagayama International University of Health and Welfare, Atami, Japan Hiroaki Naritomi Senri Chuo Hospital, Osaka, Japan Norbert Nighoghossian Neurology and Neurosurgical Hospital P. Wertheimer, Lyon, France Leonardo Pantoni University of Florence, Florence, Italy Sarah Pendlebury John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK Fernando Pico Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Versailles, France Stefano Ricci Stroke Unit, Città di Castello, Italy Tatjana Rundek University of Miami, Miami, USA Ralph L. Sacco University of Miami, Miami, USA Stefan Schwarz University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Christopher Jan Schwarzbach University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Konstantinos Spengos University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece Jan Stam University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Kristina Szabo University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Shunya Takizawa Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara City, Japan Wai Kwong Tang The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Pierre-Jean Touboul Hospital Bichat, Paris, France Kazunori Toyoda National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan Shinichiro Uchiyama International University of Health and Welfare Center, Tokyo, Japan Peter Vajkoczy Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany Roland Veltkamp Imperial College London, London, UK Konstantinos Vemmos University of Athens, Athens, Greece Denis Vivien Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Caen, France Joanna M. Wardlaw University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Katja Wartenberg Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany Marc E. Wolf University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany K.S. Lawrence Wong Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel karger@karger.com The Guidelines for Authors are available at:

5 Guidelines for Authors Submission Manuscripts written in English should be submitted online: Should you experience any problems with your submission, please contact: Editorial Office Cerebrovascular Diseases S. Karger AG P.O. Box CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland) Tel Fax Presentation of manuscripts should conform with the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals ( Recommended reading: Alexandrov AV: How to Write a Research Paper. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;18: Alexandrov AV, Hennerici MG: Writing Good Abstracts. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007;23: How to Improve the Quality of Reports of paral lelgroup randomized trials. The CONSORT Statement. Conditions All manuscripts are subject to editorial review. Manuscripts are received with the explicit understanding that they are not under simultaneous consideration by any other publication. Submission of an article for publication implies transfer of the copyright from the author to the publisher upon acceptance. Accepted papers become the permanent property of Cerebrovascular Diseases and may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the written consent of the publisher. It is the author s responsibility to obtain permission to reproduce illustrations, tables, etc. from other publications. Conflicts of Interest Authors are required to disclose any sponsorship or funding arrangements relating to their research and all authors should disclose any possible conflicts of interest. Conflict of interest statements will be published at the end of the article. Ethics Published research must comply with the guidelines for human studies and animal welfare regulations. Authors should state that subjects have given their informed consent and that the study protocol has been approved by the institute s committee on human research. Further, they should also state that animal experiments conform to institutional standards. Categories of Manuscripts Original Papers are full-length research papers which will be considered for the journal. Articles cover topics relevant to clinical studies. Basic and experimental work appear only if directly related to clinical issues (max. 3,000 words). Reviews are comprehensive, state-of-the-art papers of important clinical problems. Reviews may be invited by the Editor or they may be unsolicited views (max. 5,000 words). An Abstract is required and should be divided into Background, Summary and Key Messages. Editorials are usually invited by the Editor (max. 1,000 words). Please send suggestions to the Editor. Translational Research in Stroke is a new section in the journal publishing reviews on experimental results with direct clinical implications (max. 3,000 words). Articles in this section may be accompanied by an invited comment (max. 1,000 words). Imaging is a new section in the journal covering timely papers on cerebrovascular imaging by experts in the field (max. 3,000 words incl. figures and tables, and max. 40 references). Proposals to the Editor are welcome. Plagiarism Policy Whether intentional or not, plagiarism is a serious violation. We define plagiarism as a case in which a paper reproduces another work with at least 25% similarity and without citation. If evidence of plagiarism is found before/after acceptance or after publication of the paper, the author will be offered a chance for rebuttal. If the arguments are not found to be satisfactory, the manuscript will be retracted and the author sanctioned from publishing papers for a period to be determined by the responsible Editor(s). Arrangement Title page: The first page of each paper should indicate the title, the authors names, the institute where the work was conducted, and a short title for use as running head. 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Also see International Committee of Medical Journal Editors: Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals ( Examples (a) Papers published in periodicals: Chatel J-M, Bernard H, Orson FM: Isolation and characterization of two complete Ara h 2 isoforms cdna. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2003;131: (b) Papers published only with DOI numbers: Theoharides TC, Boucher W, Spear K: Serum interleukin-6 reflects disease severity and osteoporosis in mastocytosis patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol DOI: / (c) Monographs: Hennerici M, Sitzer G, Weger H-D: Carotid Artery Plaques: Pathogenesis Development Evaluation Treatment. Basel, Karger, (d) Edited books: DuBois RN: Cyclooxygenase-2 and colorectal cancer; in Dannenberg AJ, Dubois RN (eds): COX-2. Prog Exp Tum Res. Basel, Karger, 2003, vol 37, pp Reference Management Software: Use of EndNote is recommended for easy management and formatting of citations and reference lists. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) S. 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6 NIH-Funded Research The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) mandates under the NIH Public Access Policy that final, peerreviewed manuscripts appear in its digital database within 12 months of the official publication date. As a service to authors, Karger submits the final version of your article on your behalf to PubMed Central. For those selecting our premium Author s Choice TM service, the usual embargo will be overriden, accelerating the accessibility of your work. More details on NIH s Public Access Policy are available at nih.gov/policy.htm Self-Archiving Karger permits authors to archive their pre-prints (i.e. pre-refereeing) or post-prints (i.e. final draft post-refereeing) on their personal or institution s servers, provided the following conditions are met: Articles may not be used for commercial purposes, must be linked to the publisher s version, and must acknowledge the publisher s copyright. Authors selecting Karger s Author s Choice TM feature, however, are also permitted to archive the final, published version of their article, which includes copyediting and design improvements as well as citation links. Page Charges There are no page charges for papers of 3 or fewer printed pages (including tables, illustrations and references). Each additional complete or partial page is charged to the author at CHF The allotted size of a paper is equal to approx. 13 manuscript pages (including tables, illustrations and references). Proofs Unless indicated otherwise, proofs are sent to the corresponding author and should be returned with the least possible delay. Alterations other than the correction of printer s errors are charged to the author. Reprints Order forms and a price list for reprints are sent with the proofs. Orders submitted after the issue is printed are subject to considerably higher prices. Read it online: Series Editor J. Bogousslavsky, Montreux Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience Focusing on topics in the fields of both Neurosciences and Neurology, this series provides current and unique information in basic and clinical advances on the nervous system and its disorders. Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience Editor: J. Bogousslavsky Vol. 36 Translational Neurosonology Editors A. Alonso M.G. Hennerici S. Meairs Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience Founded: 1973 Field of Interest: Neurology Listed in MEDLINE/Pubmed ISSN e-issn Included in psychology-psychiatry-package Vol. 36: Translational Neurosonology Editor: Alonso, A.; Hennerici, M.G.; Meairs, S. (Mannheim) VIII p., 22 fig., 6 in color, 1 tab., 2015 CHF / EUR / USD (hard cover) CHF / EUR / USD (online) ISBN e-isbn An overview of current ultrasound modes ranging from experimental approaches to clinical practice Vol. 35: Hysteria: The Rise of an Enigma Editor: Bogousslavsky, J. (Montreux) X p., 59 fig., 3 in color, 2 tab., 2014 CHF / EUR / USD (hard cover) CHF / EUR / USD (online) ISBN e-isbn The development of one of the most intriguing conditions in medicine Online version for institutional purchase Prices subject to change. EUR price for Germany, USD price for USA and Latin America only Vol. 34: The Hippocampus in Clinical Neuroscience Editors: Szabo, K.; Hennerici, M.G. (Mannheim) X p., 31 fig., 13 in color, 5 tab., 2014 CHF / EUR / (hard cover) CHF / EUR / USD (online) ISBN e-isbn A broad overview of this complex and fascinating organ Vol. 33: TIA as Acute Cerebrovascular Syndrome Editors: Uchiyama, S. (Tokyo); Amarenco, P. (Paris); Minematsu, K. (Osaka); Wong, K.S.L. (Hong Kong) VIII p., 25 fig., 7 in color, 14 tab., 2014 CHF / EUR / (hard cover) CHF / EUR / USD (online) ISBN e-isbn The latest knowledge of TIA as a medical emergency KI 15140_sw 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel karger@karger.com The Guidelines for Authors are available at:

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8 F15148

9 Contents See the journal website for contents Basel Freiburg Paris London New York New Delhi Bangkok Beijing Tokyo Kuala Lumpur Singapore Sydney

10 The latest in stroke research Editor-in-Chief M.G. Hennerici, Mannheim Associate Editors H. Adams, Iowa City, Iowa C. Anderson, Camperdown D. Corbett, Ottowa L.B. Goldstein, Durham, N.C. L. Hirt, Lausanne J.-S. Kim, Seoul Y. Kokubo, Osaka M.M. Mehndiratta, New Delhi J.P. Mohr, New York, N.Y. Y. Shinohara, Tokyo N. Venketasubramanian, Singapore Associate Co-Editor S. Meairs, Mannheim This picture is taken from the illustrated atlas of anatomy, first published by Andreas Vesalius ( ) in Basel in 1543 under the title De humani corporis fabrica. On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of Vesalius birthday, Karger Publishers (Basel, Switzerland) published a new annotated English edition, The Fabric of the Human Body, translated by Daniel H. Garrison and Malcolm H. Hast. Official Journal of the Affiliated with Affiliated with European Stroke Conference (ESC) European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamics ASIA Pacific Stroke Organisation european stroke conference A rapidly-growing field, stroke and cerebrovascular research is unique in that it involves a variety of specialties such as neurology, internal medicine, surgery, radiology, epidemiology, cardiology, hematology, psychology and rehabilitation. Cerebrovascular Diseases is an international forum which meets the growing need for sophisticated, up-todate scientific information on clinical data, diagnostic testing, and therapeutic issues, dealing with all aspects of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases. It contains original contributions, reviews of selected topics and clinical investigative studies, recent meeting reports and work-inprogress as well as discussions on controversial issues. All aspects related to clinical advances are considered, while purely experimental work appears if directly relevant to clinical issues. Cerebrovascular Diseases Founded: 1991 Category: Clinical Research Field of Interest: Neurology Listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents /Life Sciences, Pubmed/MEDLINE 2015: Volumes 39, 40 6 issues per volume Language: English ISSN e-issn Impact Factor: Selected contributions Intracranial Stenosis: Impact of Randomized Trials on Treatment Preferences of US Neurologists and Neurointerventionists: Turan, T.N. (Charleston, S.C.); Cotsonis, G.; Lynn, M.J. (Atlanta, Ga.); Wooley, R.H. (Charleston, S.C.); Swanson, S. (Atlanta, Ga.); Williams, J.E. (Chapel Hill, N,C.); Stern, B.J. (Baltimore, Md.); Derdeyn, C.P. (St. Louis, Mich.); Fiorella, D. (Stony Brook, N.Y.); Chimowitz, M.I. (Charleston, S.C.) Shunting in Acute Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Systematic Review: Lobo, S.; Ferro, J.M. (Lisbon); Barinagarrementeria, F. (Mexico City); Bousser, M.G. (Paris); Canhão, P. (Lisbon); Stam, J. (Amsterdam); ISCVT Investigators Systemic Thrombolysis for Cerebral Venous and Dural Sinus Thrombosis: A Systematic Review: Viegas, L.D. (Lisbon); Stolz, E. (Saarbrücken); Canhão, P.; Ferro, J.M. (Lisbon) Role of Statin in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Stroke: An Angiographic Study for Collateral Flow: Lee, M.J.; Bang, O.Y.; Kim, S.J.; Kim, G.M.; Chung, C.S.; Lee, K.H. (Seoul); Ovbiagele, B. (Charleston, S.C.); Liebeskind, D.S.; Saver, J.L. (Los Angeles, Calif.) for the UCLA-Samsung Stroke Collaborators Clinical Course of Asymptomatic Adult Moyamoya Disease: Jo, K.-I.; Yeon, J.Y.; Hong, S.-C.; Kim, J.-S. (Seoul) Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Disease Severity in Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Type 1 Subjects with the Common Hispanic Mutation: Choquet, H.; Nelson, J.; Pawlikowska, L.; McCulloch, C.E. (San Francisco, Calif.); Akers, A. (Durham, N.C.); Baca, B.; Khan, Y.; Hart, B.; Morrison, L. (Albuquerque, N.Mex.); Kim, H. (San Francisco, Calif.) Comparison of the European and Japanese Guidelines for the Management of Ischemic Stroke: Kern, R. (Mannheim); Nagayama, M. (Atami); Toyoda, K. (Osaka); Steiner, T. (Frankfurt/Heidelberg); Hennerici, M.G. (Mannheim); Shinohara, Y. (Tokyo) Comparison of the European and Japanese Guidelines for the Acute Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Toyoda, K. (Osaka); Steiner, T. (Frankfurt/Heidelberg); Epple, C. (Heidelberg); Kern, R. (Mannheim); Nagayama, M. (Atami); Shinohara, Y. (Tokyo); Hennerici, M.G. (Mannheim) More information at KF15022

11 Message from the Editor Hennerici, M.G. (Mannheim) Reviews 5 Molecular Imaging of Carotid Plaque Vulnerability Alonso, A.; Artemis, D.; Hennerici, M.G. (Mannheim) 13 Aspirin plus Clopidogrel as Secondary Prevention after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Zhang, Q.; Wang, C.; Zheng, M.; Li, Y.; Li, J.; Zhang, L.; Shang, X.; Yan, C. (Jinan) Original Papers 23 Cortical Ischemic Lesion Burden Measured by DIR Is Related to Carotid Artery Disease Severity Landi, D.; Maggio, P.; Lupoi, D.; Palazzo, P.; Altamura, C.; Falato, E.; Altavilla, R.; Vollaro, S.; Coniglio, A.D.; Tibuzzi, F.; Passarelli, F. (Rome); Silvestrini, M. (Ancona); Pasqualetti, P.; Vernieri, F. (Rome) 31 Ischaemic Strokes with Reversible Vasoconstriction and without Thunderclap Headache: A Variant of the Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome? Wolff, V.; Armspach, J.-P.; Lauer, V.; Rouyer, O. (Strasbourg); Ducros, A. (Montpellier); Marescaux, C.; Gény, B (Strasbourg) 39 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Renal Function: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Makin, S.D.J.; Cook, F.A.B.; Dennis, M.S.; Wardlaw, J.M. (Edinburgh) 53 Effect of Prior Hemorrhage on Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformation Radiosurgery Outcomes Ding, D.; Yen, C.-P.; Starke, R.M.; Xu, Z.; Sheehan, J.P. (Charlottesville, Va.) 63 Risk Factors Assessed in Adolescence and the Later Risk of Stroke in Men: A 33-Year Follow-Up Study Högström, G.; Nordström, A.; Eriksson, M.; Nordström, P. (Umeå) Stroke Note 72 Cervical Artery Dissection (CeAD) in Physicians Grond-Ginsbach, C. (Heidelberg); Lichy, C. (Heidelberg/Memmingen); Debette, S. (Paris/Lille); Leys, D. (Lille); Pezzini, A. (Brescia); Metso, T.; Tatlisumak, T. (Helsinki); Gensicke, H.; Engelter, S.T. (Basel) for the Cervical Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Patients (CADISP)-Study Group