Cerebrovasc Dis 38(6) (2014) print ISSN online e-issn

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1 Cerebrovasc Dis 38(6) (2014) print ISSN online e-issn S. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers Basel. Freiburg. Paris. London. New York. Chennai. New Delhi. Bangkok. Beijing. Shanghai. Tokyo. Kuala Lumpur. Singapore. Sydney This picture is taken from the illustrated atlas of anatomy, first published by Andreas Vesalius ( ) in Basel in 1543 under the title De humani corporis fabrica. On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of Vesalius birthday, Karger Publishers (Basel, Switzerland) published a new annotated English edition, The Fabric of the Human Body, translated by Daniel H. Garrison and Malcolm H. Hast.

2 Progress in Editor: C.T. Bolliger Vol. 38 Editors BMA Medical Book Awards 2014 We are delighted to announce that two Karger titles received Highly Commended awards by the British Medical Association in their prestigious 2014 Medical Book Competition: Olszewski and Baxter s Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brainstem Editors J.A. Büttner-Ennever A.K.E. Horn 3rd, revised and extended edition In the category Neurology Olszewski and Baxter s Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brainstem (3rd, revised and extended edition) Editors: Büttner-Ennever, J.A.; Horn, A.K.E. (Munich) XII p., 604 fig., 1 tab., hard cover, 2014 Size: 240 x 333 mm/9,4 x 13,11 ISBN: In the category Health and Social Care The Road to Good Nutrition A Global Perspective Editors: Eggersdorfer, M. (Kaiseraugst); Kraemer, K. (Basel); Ruel, M. (Washington, D.C.); Van Ameringen, M. (Geneva); Biesalski, H.K. (Stuttgart); Bloem, M. (Roma); Chen, J. (Changping District); Lateef, A. (Washington, D.C.); Mannar, V. (Ottawa, Ont.) XII p., 183 color fig., 14 tab., soft cover, 2013 ISBN e-isbn Karger titles which received awards in previous BMA Medical Book Competitions Respiratory Research Paediatric Bronchoscopy K.N. Priftis M.B. Anthracopoulos E. Eber A.C. Koumbourlis R.E. Wood Paediatric Bronchoscopy Editors: Priftis, K.N. (Athens); Anthracopoulos, M.B. (Patras); Eber, E. (Graz); Koumbourlis, A.C. (Washington, D.C.); Wood, R.E. (Cincinatti, Ohio) X p., 136 fig., 86 in color, 37 tab., hard cover + online supplement material, 2010 ISBN e-isbn Gerd Steding The Anatomy of the Human Embryo A Scanning Electron-Microscopic Atlas Steding, G. (Göttingen) The Anatomy of the Human Embryo A Scanning Electron-Microscopic Atlas XIV p., 818 fig., hard cover, 2009 ISBN e-isbn Developments in Ophthalmology Editors: F. Bandello, W. Behrens-Baumann Vol. 47 Macular Edema A Practical Approach Editor Gabriel Coscas Co-Editors José Cunha-Vaz Anat Loewenstein Gisèle Soubrane Macular Edema A Practical Approach Editors: Coscas, G. (Créteil, Paris); Cunha-Vaz, J. (Coimbra); Loewenstein, A. (Tel Aviv); Soubrane, G. (Créteil, Paris) XII p., 115 fig., 77 in color, 8 tab., hard cover, 2010 ISBN e-isbn Pearls and Pitfalls in Head and Neck Surgery Practical Tips to Minimize Complications Editor Claudio R. Cernea Associate Editors Fernando L. Dias Dan Fliss Roberto A. Lima Eugene N. Myers William I. Wei Pearls and Pitfalls in Head and Neck Surgery Practical Tips to Minimize Complications 2nd, revised and extended edition Editors: Cernea, C.R. (São Paulo); Dias, F.L. (Rio de Janeiro); Fliss, D. (Tel Aviv); Lima, R.A. (Rio de Janeiro); Myers, E.N. (Pittsburgh, Pa.); Wei, W.I. (Hong Kong) XII p., 3 tab., hard cover, 2008 ISBN e-isbn KI 14259

3 Founded 1991 by J. Bogousslavsky and M.G. Hennerici An Official Journal of european stroke conference Affiliated with European Stroke Conference European Stroke Organisation European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamics ASIA Pacific Stroke Organisation Editor-in-Chief M.G. Hennerici, Mannheim Associate Editors H. Adams, Iowa City, Iowa C. Anderson, Camperdown, N.S.W. D. Corbett, Ottawa, Ont. L.B. Goldstein, Durham, N.C. L. Hirt, Lausanne J.-S. Kim, Seoul Y. Kokubo, Osaka S. Meairs, Mannheim M.M. Mehndiratta, New Delhi J.P. Mohr, New York, N.Y. Y. Shinohara, Tokyo N. Venketasubramanian, Singapore Managing Editor M. Fatar, Mannheim Editorial Board R.H. Ackerman, Boston, Mass. J.F. Arenillas, Valladolid G. Auburger, Frankfurt/M. H. Ay, Charlestown, Mass. J.-C. Baron, Paris J. Bogousslavsky, Montreux N. Bornstein, Tel Aviv L.R. Caplan, Boston, Mass. H. Chabriat, Paris A. Chatzikonstantinou, Mannheim L.G. Cohen, Bethesda, Md. S. Davis, Melbourne, Vic. G. de Freitas, Rio de Janeiro H.-C. Diener, Essen U. Dirnagl, Berlin N. Etminan, Düsseldorf K. Fassbender, Homburg F. Fazekas, Graz V. Feigin, Auckland J.M. Ferro, Lisbon J.B. Fiebach, Berlin N. Futrell, Murray, Utah A. Gass, Mannheim S.M. Greenberg, Boston, Mass. R. Haberl, München G.J. Hankey, Perth, W.A. W.-D. Heiss, Köln M. Hommel, Grenoble F. Horgan, Dublin C. Iadecola, New York, N.Y. L.J. Kappelle, Utrecht C.S. Kase, Boston, Mass. C. Kessler, Greifswald H. Kinouchi, Yamanashi D. Leys, Lille D.S. Liebeskind, Los Angeles, Calif. G.Y.H. Lip, Birmingham X.-F. Liu, Nanjing E.H. Lo, Charlestown, Mass. A. Massaro, Sao Paulo K. Minematsu, Osaka J. Montaner, Barcelona M. Nagayama, Atami H. Naritomi, Osaka N. Nighoghossian, Lyon L. Pantoni, Florence S. Pendlebury, Oxford F. Pico, Versailles S. Ricci, Città di Castello T. Rundek, Miami, Fla. R. Sacco, Miami, Fla. S. Schwarz, Mannheim C.J. Schwarzbach, Mannheim K. Spengos, Athens J. Stam, Amsterdam K. Szabo, Mannheim S. Takizawa, Isehara W.K. Tang, Hong Kong P.-J. Touboul, Paris K. Toyoda, Osaka S. Uchiyama, Tokyo P. Vajkoczy, Berlin R. Veltkamp, London K. Vemmos, Athens D. Vivien, Caen J.M. Wardlaw, Edinburgh K.E. Wartenberg, Halle M.E. Wolf, Mannheim L. Wong, Hong Kong Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Stückle Druck, Ettenheim

4 Guidelines for Authors Submission Manuscripts written in English should be submitted online: Should you experience any problems with your submission, please contact: Editorial Office Cerebrovascular Diseases S. Karger AG P.O. Box CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland) Tel Fax Presentation of manuscripts should conform with the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals ( Recommended reading: Alexandrov AV: How to Write a Research Paper. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;18: Alexandrov AV, Hennerici MG: Writing Good Abstracts. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007;23: How to Improve the Quality of Reports of paral lelgroup randomized trials. The CONSORT Statement. Conditions All manuscripts are subject to editorial review. Manuscripts are received with the explicit understanding that they are not under simultaneous consideration by any other publication. Submission of an article for publication implies transfer of the copyright from the author to the publisher upon acceptance. Accepted papers become the permanent property of Cerebrovascular Diseases and may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the written consent of the publisher. It is the author s responsibility to obtain permission to reproduce illustrations, tables, etc. from other publications. Conflicts of Interest Authors are required to disclose any sponsorship or funding arrangements relating to their research and all authors should disclose any possible conflicts of interest. Conflict of interest statements will be published at the end of the article. Ethics Published research must comply with the guidelines for human studies and animal welfare regulations. Authors should state that subjects have given their informed consent and that the study protocol has been approved by the institute s committee on human research. Further, they should also state that animal experiments conform to institutional standards. 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6 General Information ISSN Print Edition: ISSN Online Edition: Journal Homepage: Publication Data: Cerebrovascular Diseases is published 12 times a year. Volumes 37, 38, each with 6 issues, appear in Copyright: 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or, in the case of photocopying, direct payment of a specified fee to the Copyright Clearance Center. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the journal is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Subscription Rates: Subscriptions run for a full calendar year. Prices are given per year. Personal subscription: Print or Online Print+Online combined CHF CHF EUR EUR USD USD postage and handling (added to print and print+online) CHF Europe, CHF Overseas EUR USD Institutional subscription: Print or Online Print+Online combined CHF CHF EUR EUR USD USD postage and handling (added to print and print+online) CHF Europe, CHF Overseas EUR USD Subscription included in membership fee for members of the European Stroke Council (ESC) Back Volumes and Single Issues: Information on availability and prices of single print issues and print or electronic back volumes can be obtained from Customer Service at service@karger.com. Bibliographic Indices: This journal is regularly listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents and PubMed/MEDLINE. Photocopying: This journal has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), as indicated by the code appearing on the first page of each article. For readers in the US, this code signals consent for copying of articles for personal or internal use, or for the personal or internal use of specific clients, provided that the stated fee is paid per copy directly to Copyright Clearance Center Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers, MA (USA) A copy of the first page of the article must accompany payment. Consent does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. In these cases, specific written permission must be obtained from the copyright owner, S. Karger AG, P.O. Box CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland). Subscription Orders: Orders can be placed at agencies, bookstores, directly with the Publisher S. Karger AG Medical and Scientific Publishers Allschwilerstrasse 10 CH 4009 Basel Switzerland t: f: e: karger@karger.com w: (for courier services only: Allschwilerstrasse 10 CH 4055 Basel) or further Karger offices or representatives: Germany S. Karger GmbH Postfach Freiburg Deutschland (Hausadresse: Wilhelmstrasse 20A, Freiburg) t: f: e: information@karger.de w: Japan Karger Japan, Inc. Shiba Daimon Asahi Bldg. 2F Shiba Daimon Minato-ku Tokyo Japan t: f: e: publisher@karger.jp w: USA S. Karger Publishers, Inc. 26 West Avon Road P.O. Box 529 Unionville, CT USA Toll free: t: f: e: karger@snet.net France Enter & Read Albertine Luginbuhl 23, rue du Départ, boite Paris France t: +33 (0) e: albertineluginbuhl@orange.fr South East Asia, China and Taiwan Karger Regional Office (Malaysia) Level A, PJ Exchange No. 16A, Persiaran Barat Petaling Jaya Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia t: f: e: service@karger.cn; r.chew@karger.cn Karger China 51F Raffles City Centre 268 Xi Zang Middle Road Huang Pu District Shanghai China t: f: e: service@karger.cn r.chew@karger.cn w: India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka Karger India Plot No. 17, Yusuf Sarai Market B.L. Glass Building, 2nd Floor Sri Aurobindo Marg New Delhi India t: f: c: e: r.kumar@kargerindia.com w: Change of Address: Both old and new address should be sent to the subscription source. karger@karger.com S. Karger AG, Basel The Journal Home Page is available at:

7 Contents See the journal website for contents Basel Freiburg Paris London New York New Delhi Bangkok Beijing Tokyo Kuala Lumpur Singapore Sydney

8 The only international journal devoted to the study of neurological disease distribution and determinants of frequency in human populations Editor-in-Chief V.L. Feigin, Auckland Associate Editors E. Beghi, Milano D.A. Bennett, Oxford G. Logroscino, Bari B. Norrving, Lund Assistant Editors S. Feigin, Auckland A. Theadom, Auckland Official journal of the International Association of Neurology and Epidemiology (IANE) Neuroepidemiology is the only internationally recognised peer-reviewed periodical devoted to descriptive, analytical and experimental studies in the epidemiology of neurologic disease. The scope of the journal expands the boundaries of traditional clinical neurology by providing new insights regarding the etiology, determinants, distribution, management and prevention of diseases of the nervous system. In order to meet the demands of the ever increasing pace in research, Neuroepidemiology is committed to reduce its online publication span to approx. six weeks after acceptance: papers will be published online first, and their printed version will be included in the next scheduled issue. The journal enjoys a high scientific reputation with a continually increasing impact factor and an equally high circulation. Neuroepidemiology Founded: 1982 Category: Clinical Research/Basic Research Field of Interest: Neurology Listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents /Life Sciences, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Biological Abstracts, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica 2015: Volumes 44, 45 4 issues per volume Language: English ISSN e-issn KF15071 Impact Factor: Selected contributions Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in the General Adult Population: A Meta-Analysis: Frost, R.B.; Farrer, T.J.; Primosch, M.; Hedges, D.W. (Provo, Utah) Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for the Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease: A Systematic Review: Szekely, C.A.; Thorne, J.E.; Zandi, P.P.; Ek, M.; Messias, E.; Breitner, J.C.S. (Baltimore, Md.); Goodman, S.N. (Seattle, Wash.) Incidence of Spinal Cord Injury Worldwide: A Systematic Review: van den Berg, M.E.L.; Castellote, J.M. ; Mahillo-Fernandez, I.; de Pedro-Cuesta, J. (Madrid) Increased Risk of Parkinson s Disease in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study: Wang, I.-K.; Lin,C.-L.; Wu,Y.-Y.; Chou, C.-Y.; Lin, S.-Y.; Liu, J.-H. (Taichung); Yen, T.-H. (Taoyuan); Huang, C.-C.; Sung, F.-C. (Taoyuan) A Systematic Review of Several Potential Non-Genetic Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis: Coo, H.; Aronson, K.J. (Kingston, Ont.) Global Epidemiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of the Published Literature: Chiò, A. (Turin); Logroscino, G. (Bari); Traynor, B.J. (Bethesda, Md.); Collins, J.; Simeone, J.C. (Lexington, Mass.); Goldstein, L.A. (Southport, Conn.); White, L.A. (Weston, Mass.) Prevalence and Risk Factors of Somatic and Autonomic Neuropathy in Prediabetic and Diabetic Patients: Hsu, W.-C.; Yen, A.M.-F.; Liou, H.-H.; Wang, H.-C.; Chen, T.H.-H. (Taipei) Worldwide Occurrence of Parkinson s Disease: An Updated Review: Zhang, Z.; Román G.C. (Bethesda, Md.) More information at

9 24th European Stroke Conference Vienna, Austria May F15145

10 F15114

11 A source of current research, new methods and state-of-the-art reviews in vascular biology and microcirculation Editor-in-Chief U. Pohl, Munich Associate Editors J.G.R. de Mey, Maastricht I. Fleming, Frankfurt/Main A. Koller, Pecs/ Valhalla, N.Y. (Reviews) G.A. Meininger, Columbia, Mo. E. van Bavel, Amsterdam J.D. Pearson, London M. Ziche, Siena Official Organ of the European Society for Microcirculation The Journal of Vascular Research pub lishes original articles and reviews of scientific excellence in vascular and microvascular biology, physiology and pathophysiology. The scope of the journal covers a broad spectrum of vascular and lymphatic research, including vascular structure, vascular function, haemodynamics, mechanics, cell signalling, intercellular communication, growth and differentiation. JVR s Vascular update series regularly presents state of the art reviews on hot topics in vascular biology. Manuscript processing times are, consistent with stringent review, kept as short as possible due to electronic submission. All articles are published online first, ensuring rapid publi cation. The Journal of Vascular Research is the official journal of the European Society of Microcirculation. A biennial prize is awarded to the authors of the best paper published in the journal over the previous two years, thus encouraging young scientists working in the exciting field of vascular biology to publish their findings. Journal of Vascular Research Founded: 1964 Category: Basic Research Field of Interest: Cardiovascular System Listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents /Life Sciences, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Biological Abstracts, Excerpta Medica 2015: Volume 52 6 issues per volume Language: English ISSN e-issn KF15057 Impact Factor: Selected contributions Amyloid-β Increases Metallo- and Cysteine Protease Activities in Human Macrophages: Castellano, J.; Badimon, L.; Llorente-Cortés, V. (Barcelona) Advances in Growth Factor Delivery for Therapeutic Angiogenesis: Said, S.S.; Pickering, J.G.; Mequanint, K. (London, Ont.) MiR-17-3p Inhibits Angiogenesis by Downregulating Flk-1 in the Cell Growth Signal Pathway: Yin, R. (Nantong); Wang, R. (Shanghai); Guo, L. (Yinchuan); Zhang, W. (Nantong); Lu, Y. (Nanjing) Smooth Muscle Contractile Plasticity in Rat Mesenteric Small Arteries: Sensitivity to Specific Vasoconstrictors, Distension and Inflammatory Cytokines: Tuna, B.G.; Schoorl, M.J.C.; Bakker, E.N.T.P.; de Vos, J.; VanBavel, E. (Amsterdam) Long-Term Remodeling of Rat Pial Microcirculation after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion: Lapi, D. (Naples); Vagnani, S. (Pisa); Sapio, D.; Mastantuono, T. (Naples); Sabatino, L. (Benevento); Paterni, M. (Pisa); Colantuoni, A. (Naples) The G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1/GPR30) Agonist G-1 Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Ca 2+ Handling: Holm, A.; Hellstrand, P.; Olde, B.; Svensson, D.; Leeb-Lundberg, L.M.F.; Nilsson, B.-O. (Lund) The Effect of High Salt Intake on Endothelial Function: Reduced Vascular Nitric Oxide in the Absence of Hypertension: Boegehold, M.A. (Morgantown, W.Va.) Vasopressin-Induced Constriction of the Isolated Rat Occipital Artery is Segment Dependent: Chelko, S.P. (Baltimore, Md.); Schmiedt, C.W.; Lewis, T.H. (Athens, Ga.); Lewis, S.J. (Cleveland, Ohio); Robertson, T.P. (Athens, Ga.) More information at

12 A broad overview of this complex and fascinating organ Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience Editor: J. Bogousslavsky Vol. 34 The Hippocampus in Clinical Neuroscience Editors Kristina Szabo Michael G. Hennerici The Hippocampus in Clinical Neuroscience Editors: Szabo, K.; Hennerici, M.G. (Mannheim) X p., 31 fig., 13 in color, 5 tab., 2014 CHF / EUR / USD (hard cover) CHF / EUR / USD (online) Online version for institutional purchase Prices subject to change EUR price for Germany, USD price for USA and Latin America only ISBN (hard cover) e-isbn Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience, Vol. 34 Series Editor: Bogousslavsky, J. (Montreux) Listed in MEDLINE/Pubmed Dear Librarian I have reviewed this publication and would like to recommend it for our library. Recommended by: The hippocampus is one of the most intriguing structures of the human brain. Damage to this part causes symptoms ranging from transient disorders accompanied by tiny lesions to severely debilitating cognitive disorders with marked tissue loss. This publication provides a predominantly clinical approach to the complex workings of the hippocampus from different perspectives, ranging from basic principles to specific diseases. The first part of the book summarizes current knowledge regarding the structure and physiology of the hippocampus and establishes the ties to basic neuroscience. The second part deals with the function and assessment of the human hippocampus, including memory function, neuropsychological measures, and conventional and functional imaging studies. The chapters of the third part are devoted to the hippocampus in neurological disorders, e.g. the interaction between stress and memory function, and the pathological conditions of common as well as selected rare neurological diseases affecting the hippocampus. The book is highly recommended to clinical neurologists who wish to gain a broad understanding of this complex and fascinating organ in terms of basic principles, modern imaging findings, and specific diseases. Contents Preface: Hennerici, M.G.; Szabo, K. Introduction: Hennerici, M.G. Structure and Physiology of the Animal and Human Hippocampus Anatomy of the Hippocampal Formation: Schultz, C.; Engelhardt, M. Structure and Vascularization of the Human Hippocampus: Tatu, L.; Vuillier, F. Coordinated Network Activity in the Hippocampus: Draguhn, A.; Keller, M.; Reichinnek, S. What Animals Can Teach Clinicians about the Hippocampus: Lavenex, P.; Banta Lavenex, P.; Favre, G. Function and Assessment of the Human Hippocampus Memory Function and the Hippocampus: Opitz, B. Neuropsychological Measures of Hippocampal Function: Wicking, M.; Nees, F.; Steiger, F. Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted MRI of the Hippocampus: Szabo, K.; Förster, A.; Gass, A. Functional MRI Studies of the Hippocampus: Nees, F.; Pohlack, S.T. The Hippocampus in Neurological Disorders The Hippocampus in Neurodegenerative Disease: Moodley, K.K.; Chan, D. Stress, Memory, and the Hippocampus: Wingenfeld, K.; Wolf, O.T. Epilepsy and the Hippocampus: Chatzikonstantinou, A. Transient Global Amnesia: Szabo, K. Hippocampal Stroke: Szabo, K. Department: Date: Signature: Orders may be placed with any bookshop, subscription agency, directly with the publisher or through a Karger distributor. KI14407 The easiest way to order: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers CH 4009 Basel, Switzerland orders@karger.com, f:

13 Review 395 Potential Role of Blood Biomarkers in the Management of Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Senn, R. (Basel); Elkind, M.S.V. (New York, N.Y.); Montaner, J. (Barcelona); Christ-Crain, M. (Basel); Katan, M. (Zurich) Original Paper 410 Prevalence of Potential Retrograde Embolization Pathways in the Proximal Descending Aorta in Stroke Patients and Controls Wehrum, T.; Kams, M.; Strecker, C.; Dragonu, I.; Günther, F.; Geibel, A. (Freiburg); Drexl, J.; Hennemuth, A. (Bremen); Schumacher, M. (Freiburg); Jung, B. (Freiburg/Bern); Harloff, A. (Freiburg) 418 Medical and Endovascular Treatment of Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion Presenting with Mild Symptoms: An Observational Multicenter Study Urra, X.; San Román, L.; Gil, F. (Barcelona); Millán, M. (Badalona); Cánovas, D. (Sabadell); Roquer, J. (Barcelona); Cardona, P. (L Hospitalet de Llobregat); Ribó, M.; Martí-Fàbregas, J.; Abilleira, S.; Chamorro, A. (Barcelona) on behalf of the Catalan Stroke Code and Reperfusion Consortium (Cat-SCR) 425 A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between MTHFR Gene A1298C Polymorphism and the Risk of Adult Stroke Zhang, M.-J.; Hu, Z.-C.; Yin, Y.-W.; Li, B.-H.; Liu, Y.; Liao, S.-Q.; Gao, C.-Y.; Li, J.-C.; Zhang, L.-L. (Chongqing) 433 Polymorphisms in Inflammatory and Immune Response Genes Associated with Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Type 1 Severity Choquet, H.; Pawlikowska, L.; Nelson, J.; McCulloch, C.E. (San Francisco, Calif.); Akers, A. (Durham, N.C.); Baca, B.; Khan, Y.; Hart, B.; Morrison, L. (Albuquerque, N. Mex.); Kim, H. (San Francisco, Calif.) on behalf of the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium (BVMC) Study 441 The Role of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Predicting Longitudinal Cognitive Function in an Older Adult Cohort Frazier, D.T. (San Francisco, Calif.); Seider, T. (Gainesville, Fla.); Bettcher, B.M. (San Francisco, Calif.); Mack, W.J. (Los Angeles, Calif.); Jastrzab, L.; Chao, L.; Weiner, M.W. (San Francisco, Calif.); DeCarli, C.; Reed, B.R.; Mungas, D. (Davis, Calif.); Chui, H.C. (Los Angeles, Calif.); Kramer, J.H. (San Francisco, Calif.) 448 Enzyme Replacement Therapy Stabilized White Matter Lesion Progression in Fabry Disease Fellgiebel, A.; Gartenschläger, M.; Wildberger, K.; Scheurich, A. (Mainz); Desnick, R.J. (New York, N.Y.); Sims, K. (Boston, Mass.) 457 Is Prehospital Treatment of Acute Stroke too Expensive? An Economic Evaluation Based on the First Trial Dietrich, M. (Saarbrücken); Walter, S. (Homburg); Ragoschke-Schumm, A. (Saarbrücken); Helwig, S. (Homburg); Levine, S.; Balucani, C. (Brooklyn, N.Y.); Lesmeister, M.; Haass, A.; Liu, Y. (Homburg); Lossius, H.-M. (Oslo); Fassbender, K. (Homburg) after 464 Contents Vol. 38, 2014 Cover illustration The head lies reclined here on its left [right] ear and shows the base of the inner space of the skull wrapped in the hard cerebral membrane. Only as much of the cerebrum and dorsal medulla still remains as suffices to show the cerebral nerve pairs. I have resected the origin and joining of the visory nerves to avoid hiding the basin that receives the cerebral phlegm. The Fabric of the Human Body (2014), p. 1251