Harvard Referencing for Bangkok Patana School

Transcription

1 Harvard Referencing for Bangkok Patana School Principles of Referencing with examples for: Books Journals Papers Webpages Newspapers Films/ DVDs YouTube Clips Interviews

2 Page 2 CONTENTS Why and When to Reference 3 Using Microsoft Word Tool to help you Reference 4 Reference Lists and Bibliographies Quick Tips Advice Sheet 16 A Summary of References 21 Using Citations 21 Reference Lists and Bibliographies Detailed Templates to help create references for books, journals and newspaper articles 24 Reference Lists and Bibliographies Detailed Templates to help create references for Webpages 34 Reference Lists and Bibliographies Detailed Templates to help create references for Films/DVDs 36 Reference Lists and Bibliographies Detailed Templates to help create references for YouTube Clips 37 Reference Lists and Bibliographies Detailed Template to help create references for Interviews 38

3 Page 3 Referencing is necessary To give credit to authors whose work you have quoted and referred to. To allow the reader of your work to find the resources which you have read; they can then find out more information about the subject. To illustrate that you understand the conventions of academic writing. You must reference Every time you quote someone else s work. Every time you refer to someone else s work, e.g. by: Paraphrasing their ideas. Summarising the arguments Including case studies, statistics etc. Using information you have obtained from their work. If you do not reference someone else s ideas then you are PLAGIARISING. To plagiarise is to cheat, it is academically dishonest; you will fail your coursework if you are found plagiarising. DO NOT plagiarise.

4 Page 4 Using Microsoft Word Tool to help you Reference We use Harvard Referencing at Patana. There is a tool on Microsoft Word which can help you set out your references accurately. Here are the instructions for how to load Harvard Referencing onto your computer. Please ask the library staff or your ICT teachers if you need help using this tool.

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6 Page 6 How to set up Harvard Leeds citations for Office 2013 Copy the Harvard Leeds file from Teachers4Students onto your Desktop Open the file using Microsoft Notepad You are looking for the following terms (use Ctrl+f) <!-- Handle the different types of input documents. --> <xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:choose> <!-- Gets the name of the style as it will be displayed in Word > <xsl:when test="b:stylename">

7 Page 7 Change this to the following: You are basically inserting a few extra lines Once you have done this Save the File and Copy it to the following location C:\Users\user_name\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Bibliography\Style How to Install Harvard Leeds on Apple Mac Computers Locate the files you will need to copy. These are in (Teachers4Students/ Library/Style Referencing). Open a new finder, go to applications and find the Microsoft Office Word Application, right click and select Show Package Contents. When you are in the package contents, go to Contents/Resources/Style and paste all of the styles from the style referencing folder Re-open word and the styles (BPS uses Harvard Leeds) should be present. NB A tool is only as good as the information you put in it so take care to make sure that spelling and punctuation is accurate.

8 Page 8 A Guide to Using the Microsoft Word Referencing Tool Table of Contents Step 1: Enter references Step 2: Type and add citations along the way Step 3: Formatting your work The right font Line Spacing Headings Step 4: The Cover Page Step 5: The Bibliography Bibliography Example Step 6: Page Numbers Step 7: The Table of Contents Step 1: Enter references Enter all reference material used in the research that you have to hand. Use the References section:

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10 Page 10 Step 2: Type and add citations along the way Write up your report and ensure that you cite your sources as you go along. At Bangkok Patana School, 49% of students reference accurately (FLINT, Sally, 2012). Many students are unclear about how to set out a bibliography (SMITH, Michael, 2011). All students should invest time in referencing (LAZARO, Gavin, 2012). Step 3: Formatting your work The right font Font should be clear San Serif font 11 point is very clear. Times New Roman, size 12 is the traditional font. Line Spacing Double line or 1 1/2 line spacing is easy (Home ribbon)

11 Page 11 Line Spacing Double line or 1 1/2 line spacing is easy (Home ribbon) Headings Headings should also be inserted as these can generate a table of contents so use the headings on the home ribbon. Use Heading 1 for major headings such as Introduction, Conclusion Use Heading 2 for sub-headings

12 Page 12 Step 4: The Cover Page Once you have completed the write up, you will need a cover page. Word 2010 makes this easy! Go to the Insert ribbon and select the cover page. Choose a simple one, for example, conservative! Don t forget to add all details of your assignment. Step 5: The Bibliography Once you had finished and have entered all the information, updated all the citations and are almost there, then you can generate the bibliography. Go to the end of the essay (before any appendices) and start a new page (ctrl and enter) or Insert Page Break:

13 Page 13 Add a heading Bibliography and then go to the References ribbon and select Insert Bibliography: Bibliography Example Book Book (electronic) ADAMS, Alton D Electric transmission of water power. New York: McGraw. HOLLENSEN, Svend Global marketing: a decision oriented approach [online]. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. [Accessed 18 February 2009]. Available from World Wide Web: < Film or Video Podcasts Journal article YouTube video Chicken run Animated film. Directed by Peter LORD and Nick PARK. Bristol: Aardman. LEEDS UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Brotherton Library guide [online]. [Accessed 21 January 2008]. Available from World Wide Web: < PAJUNEN, K Institutions and inflows of foreign direct investment: a fuzzy-set analysis. Journal of International Business Studies. 39(4), pp LEELEFEVER Twitter in plain English [online]. [Accessed 22 November 2011]. Available from World Wide Web: <

14 Page 14 Step 6: Page Numbers Don t forget to add the page numbers. Go to the Insert ribbon, then select Page Number: Don t get too fancy here with the selections! Step 7: The Table of Contents For some assignments, for example extended essays, you will need a contents page. This should be between the cover page and the abstract. (The abstract should be on the next page by itself and then the essay should start on the following page). Go to the page after the cover page and enter a page break (same as for the bibliography) so that you have a blank page between the cover page and the abstract. Then go to References ribbon and select Table of Contents.

15 Page 15 A Full Summary of Referencing can be found on p.19. If you are confident you understand the basics, then the Quick Tips Advice Sheet on the next page may be all you need to refer to.

16 Page 16 Reference Lists and Bibliographies Quick Tips Advice Sheet Below is a quick hints sheet which gives examples of how to create accurate bibliography entries for Books Webpages Newspapers Films/DVDS YouTube Clips Interviews Images/Photographs If you need for detailed information then read onto the next section Important things to remember are be consistent in how you use punctuation. Always put the information in the same order. Use the same font throughout. List the items alphabetically. Creating an Accurate Bibliography BOOKS BOOKS - The information from books need recording in the following order: the information is usually available in the front of the book. Author Year of publication Title of the book Edition (Only if it is not the first) City of publication Publisher Example: FLINT, Sally The art of referencing. 2 nd ed. Bangkok: Penguin.

17 Page 17 WEBPAGES WEBPAGES - The information from webpages needs recording in the following order: Author or owner of website if you can t find an author Year of publication Title of the web page or website homepage [online] THAT IS WHAT YOU ACTUALLY WRITE Date you looked at the web page City of publication Publisher Available from World Wide Web: include web site address/url Example: BROSNAHAN, Julian History is our future [online]. [Accessed 19 September 2012]. London. History Today. Available from World Wide Web : < Sometimes it is very difficult to find who is the author or owner of a website. This site is excellent for helping you find this information. NEWSPAPERS NEWSPAPERS - The information from newspaper and journal articles need recording in the following order: Author of the article Year of publication Title of the article Title of the journal or paper in which it was published Volume number and issue number if it is a journal Page reference. Example: WOOD, John Students attitudes to completing History Assignment. History Weekly, 62 (3), pp.3-24.

18 Page 18 FILMS/ DVDS The information from films/dvds needs recording in the following order: Title Year The word Film, DVD or Video Director or medium type Production Details place, organisation or any other information Example: Macbeth Film. Directed by Orson Welles. USA: Republic Pictures. YOUTUBE CLIPS The information from YouTube clips needs recording in the following order: Screen name of contributor Year Video Title Series Title (if relevant) [online] [Accessed date] Available from World Wide Web : include web site address/url Example: SMITH, Michael Top Action Golf Shots. [online]. [Accessed 23 June 2012]. Available from World Wide Web : < v=etapk4draw4>.

19 Page 19 INTERVIEWS When interviewing a person the information needs recording in the following order: Interviewee s name Year of interview Title of interview Interviewed with...name [type of medium/format e.g. video recording] Location and exact date of interview (When possible include the transcript of the interview as an appendix Example: MARSHALL, James The effect that World War 2 had on A. Robinson s Family. Interviewed with: Flint, Sally. [video recording]. 12 th May Bangkok Patana School. ILLUSTRATIONS/ IMAGES/ PHOTOGRAPHS Images from print sources need recording in the following order: Artist/Photographer s name (if known) Year of production Title of image Material type At: Place: holding institution, department (if applicable). Identifier (if applicable). Example: GOSSE, S The garden, Rowlandson House. Etching and aquatint. At: London: British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings. Register number

20 Page 20 IMAGES (online) from electronic sources need recording in the following order: Artist/Photographer s name/author s name Year of production Title of image [online] [Accessed date] Available from World Wide Web : include web site address/url If you cannot find the author begin the reference with the title of the work. If you cannot find any details, such as author, date or title try to find the file name of the by right clicking and looking at the file properties. If you can t find these begin with the subject and title of work. Examples: NEWRY INSTITUTE Current student [online]. [Accessed 4th December 2002]. Available from World Wide Web : < Child eating sandwich [online]. [Accessed 01 June 2010]. Available from World Wide Web : < PEPSI Pepsi can designs [online]. [Accessed 01 June 2010]. Available from World Wide Web : <

21 Page 21 A More Detailed Summary of Referencing Referencing has three main components. These are citations, reference lists and bibliographies. Citations These are where you indicate in the body of your assignment that you have quoted from, or referred to, someone else s work. Reference Lists These come at the end of your work and give the full reference details of works from which you have quoted from or referred to in your assignment. Arrange the list alphabetically by author s last name. Bibliography This isn t quite the same as a reference list as it includes the full reference details for items which you have read, but haven t referred to specifically in your assignment. Therefore there won t be any citations for these items. Such items would include background reading. Arrange the list alphabetically. It is ok to combine your bibliography and reference list into one. Citations Using citations is easy. All you really have to remember is to include the surname, first name of the author or editor, or illustrator, website etc. the year of publication and if it is a direct quote, the page number. Sometimes it is difficult to find the exact information you are looking for. If you are using a website or video clip and it doesn t have an author or editor you can put the name of the company or organisation who owns the website. Use the last updated year if the site doesn t give a year of publication. If there isn t one but the site is still active then put the current year. Note it is very rare that you will use footnotes. Citations are, by and large, used instead.

22 Page 22 Here are examples for setting out citations: Where you have quoted from, or referred to, someone else s work you must insert a citation in your text. This will guide the reader to the reference list at the end of your work. Here they can look up, alphabetically by author, a full reference for the item you have used. The citation is placed in brackets in your text and consists of: the surname(s) and the first name(s) of the author(s) or editor(s) of the item as they appear in the reference list at the end of your work; the year of publication; and where you quote directly from someone else s work or are referring to an illustration, a page reference. If you have already named the author(s) in your text, only the year needs to be included in the bracket: Jones (1998) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent. But in this case the citation needs completing manually, as the tool is not able to do this. In case that the same author has published more than one work in the same year, the citation should include a letter following the date to differentiate between the references, e.g. (MARSHALL, James, 2012a) and (MARSHALL, James, 2012b) The letter should be included in the reference list/ bibliography at the end of your work, so that it appears in the citation.

23 Page 23 Where 2 or more items share the same author and year of publication the procedure should be to: a. Arrange the items in your reference list alphabetically by title, e.g. NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE SCOTLAND, Choosing a healthy diet... NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE SCOTLAND, Five a day... NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE SCOTLAND, Kidney dialysis... b. Having done this assign a letter to each reference, following the date, in the order in which you have arranged them alphabetically in your list, e.g. NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE SCOTLAND, 2010a. Choosing a healthy diet... NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE SCOTLAND, 2010b. Five a day... NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE SCOTLAND, 2010c. Kidney dialysis... c. Make sure that the correct letters are assigned to the years in the citations in your text so that the citation leads the writer to the correct item in your reference list. You will note, however, that in your text 2010a will not necessarily come first. You may have referred to the item designated 2010c first. Secondary Referencing You may read a book or journal article etc. in which the author has made reference to or quoted from another work which you have not read but to which you, in your turn, also wish to refer. This is called secondary referencing. You can use the bracketed citation, e.g.: Chandler (cited in Hiney, T., 1998 p.19) claimed that most people could do without literature far more easily than they could do without coffee or whisky. You only reference the work which you have read. In this case the reference which would appear in your reference list would be: HINEY, T., Raymond Chandler: a biography. London: Vintage.

24 Page 24 Reference Lists and Bibliographies Detailed Templates to help create references for books, journals and newspaper articles Authored books Authored books are written by one or more people who are equally responsible for the whole text. Edited books contain chapters written by different people. These have then been collected into one volume by an editor or editors. One Author Element Example, including punctuation 1 Author (capitals) GRUSHKIN, P. 2 Year of publication Title of the book The art of rock: posters from Presley to punk. (italics) 4 Edition (if not the 2nd ed. first edition) 5 City of publication New York, NY: 6 Publisher Artabras. Citation in your text: (GRUSHKIN, P., 1991) Reference list/bibliography: GRUSHKIN, P The art of rock: posters from Presley to punk. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Artabras.

25 Page 25 Two Authors (list them both) Element Example, including punctuation 1 Authors (capitals) PAYNE, J.R. and PHILLIPS, C.R. 2 Year of publication Title of the book (italics) 4 Edition (if not the first edition) 5 City of publication Chelsea, MI: 6 Publisher Lewis Publishers. Citation in your text: (PAYNE, J. R. and Phillips, C. R., 1985) Petroleum spills in the marine environment: the chemistry and formation of water-in-oil emulsions and tar balls. Reference list/bibliography: PAYNE, J.R. and C.R. PHILLIPS Petroleum spills in the marine environment: the chemistry and formation of water-in-oil emulsions and tar balls. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers. Three Authors (list them both) Element Example, including punctuation 1 Authors (capitals) BREWSTER, F., FENTON, H. and MORRIS, M. 2 Year of publication Title of the book (italics) 4 Edition (if not the first edition) 5 City of publication Guildford: 6 Publisher FAB. Citation in your text: (BREWSTER, F. et al., 2005) Shock! Horror!: astounding artwork from the video nasty era. Reference list/bibliography: BREWSTER, F., H. FENTON, M. MORRIS Shock! Horror!: astounding artwork from the video nasty era. Guildford: FAB.

26 Page 26 More than three Authors (list the first author et al.) Element Example, including punctuation 1 Authors (capitals) ROEDER, K. D., E. D. ADRIAN, F. BRINK, and M. J. COHEN 2 Year of publication Title of the book Nerve cells and insect behavior. (italics) 4 Edition (if not the first edition) 5 City of publication Cambridge, MA: 6 Publisher Harvard University Press. Citation in your text: (ROEDER, K. D. et al., 1967) Reference list/bibliography: ROEDER, K. D., E. D. ADRIAN, F. BRINK, and M. J. COHEN Nerve cells and insect behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Edited books Edited books contain chapters written by different people. These have then been collected into one volume by an editor or editors. Authored books are written by one or more people who are equally responsible for the whole text.

27 Page 27 One Editor Element Example, including punctuation 1 Editor (capitals) STANGOS, N., ed. 2 Year of publication Title of the book Concepts of modern art. (italics) 4 Edition (if not the revised ed. first edition) 5 City of publication London: 6 Publisher Thames and Hudson. Citation in your text: (STANGOS, N.,1981) Reference list/bibliography: STANGOS, N. (ed) Concepts of modern art. London: Thames and Hudson. Two Editors (list them both) Element Example, including punctuation 1 Editors (capitals) SKINNER, D. and DRISCOLL, P., eds. 2 Year of publication Title of the book ABC of major trauma. (italics) 4 Edition (if not the 4th ed. first edition) 5 City of publication London: 6 Publisher BMJ. Citation in your text: (SKINNER, D. and Driscoll, P., 2007) Reference list/bibliography: SKINNER, D. and DRISCOLL, P. (eds) ABC of major trauma. London: BMJ.

28 Page 28 Three Editors (list them all) Element Example, including punctuation 1 Editors (capitals) PALMER, K.T., COX, R.A.F. and BROWN, I. eds. 2 Year of publication Title of the book Fitness for work: the medical aspects. (italics) 4 Edition (if not the first edition) 5 City of publication Oxford: 6 Publisher Oxford University Press. Citation in your text: (PALMER, K. T. et al., 2007) 4th ed. Reference list/bibliography: PALMER, K. T., COX, R. A. F., and BROWN, I. (eds) Fitness for work: the medical aspects. Oxford: Oxford University Press. More than three editors (list the first editor et al. Element Example, including punctuation 1 Editors (capitals) HEYWOOD, P.M. et al. eds. 2 Year of publication Title of the book Developments in European politics. (italics) 4 Edition (if not the first edition) 5 City of publication Basingstoke: 6 Publisher Palgrave Macmillan. Citation in your text: (HEYWOOD, P. M. et al., 2006) Reference list/bibliography: HEYWOOD, P. M., PAYNE, J. R., ROEDER, K. D., and HINEY, T. (eds) Developments in European politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

29 Page 29 One chapter in an edited book Element Example, including punctuation 1 Author of the chapter GOLDING, J. (capitals) 2 Year of publication Title of the chapter Cubism. 4 In: 5 Editor(s) of the book (capitals) N. STANGOS, ed. 6 Title of the book (italics) Concepts of modern art. 7 Edition (if not the revised ed. first edition) 8 City of publication London: 9 Publisher Thames and Hudson. 10 Page reference of the chapter pp Citation in your text: (GOLDING, J., 1981) Reference list/bibliography: GOLDING, J Cubism. In: N. STANGOS, (ed). Concepts of modern art, London: Thames and Hudson, pp

30 Page 30 Journal and Newspaper Article One author Element Example, including punctuation 1 Author of the article CHRISTIANSEN, K. (capitals) 2 Year of publication Title of the article Going for baroque: bringing 17th-century masters to the Met. 4 Title of the journal in Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. which the article was published (italics) 5 Volume number 62 6 Issue number (3), 7 Page reference of the article pp Citation in your text: (CHRISTIANSEN, K., 2005) Reference list/bibliography: CHRISTIANSEN, K Going for baroque: bringing 17th-century masters to the Met. Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. 62(3), pp.3-48.

31 Page 31 Two authors (list them both) Element Example, including punctuation 1 Authors of the BURNHAM, R. and KAI-KEE, E. article (capitals) 2 Year of publication Title of the article The art of teaching in the museum. 4 Title of the journal in Journal of Aesthetic Education. which the article was published (italics) 5 Volume number 39 6 Issue number (1), 7 Page reference of the article pp Citation in your text: (BURNHAM, R. and Kai-Kee, E., 2005) Reference list/bibliography: BURNHAM, R. and KAI-KEE, E The art of teaching in the museum. Journal of Aesthetic Education. 39(1), pp

32 Page 32 Three authors (list them all) Element Example, including punctuation 1 Authors of the GELFGAT, M., BASOVICH, V. and ADELMAN, A. article (capitals) 2 Year of publication Title of the article Aluminium alloy tubulars for the oil and gas industry. 4 Title of the journal in World Oil. which the article was published (italics) 5 Volume number Issue number (7), 7 Page reference of the article pp Citation in your text: (GELFGAT, M. et al., 2006) Reference list/bibliography: GELFGAT, M., BASOVICH, V. and ADELMAN, A., Aluminium alloy tubulars for the oil and gas industry. World Oil. 227(7), pp

33 Page 33 More than three authors (list the first author et al.) Element Example, including punctuation 1 Authors of the WAGNER, M.R. et al. article (capitals) 2 Year of publication Title of the article Horizontal drilling and openhole gravel packing with oil-based fluids: an industry milestone. 4 Title of the journal in SPE Drilling and Completion. which the article was published (italics) 5 Volume number 21 6 Issue number (1), 7 Page reference of the article pp Citation in your text: (WAGNER, M. R. et al., 2006) Reference list/bibliography: WAGNER, M. R., E. D. ADRIAN, F. BRINK, and M. J. COHEN Horizontal drilling and openhole gravel packing with oil-based fluids: an industry milestone. SPE Drilling and Completion. 21(1), pp (Courtesy of Chris Brown, Robert Gordon University 2010)

34 Page 34 Reference Lists and Bibliographies Detailed Templates to help create references for webpages Tips for finding the elements to create the reference for a web site: It is often difficult to be sure what is what on a web site. Use your common sense. Often there will be no identifiable person to use as an author or editor. In this case use the owner of the web site, which will probably be an organisation, as both author and publisher. See example at section below. A city of publication is sometimes difficult to find, so try something like the contact us link and look for a postal address. The year of publication can also be difficult to identify. If there is no obvious date use the last updated year. If this is not given, use the current year. Web page where you can where you can identify a personal author or authors Element 1 Author(s) (capitals) MULVEY, S. 2 Year of publication Example, including punctuation 3 Title of the web Chernobyl s continuing hazards page (italics) 4 [online]. 5 Date you looked at the web page 6 City of publication London: 7 Publisher BBC News. [Accessed 16 February 2006]. 8 Available from World Wide Web: 9 URL (address of web page) Citation in your text: europe/ stm (MULVEY, S., 2006) Reference list/bibliography: MULVEY, S Chernobyl s continuing hazards [online]. [Accessed 16 February 2006]. London: BBC News. Available from World Wide Web: < bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/ stm>

35 Page 35 Web page where you can where you can not identify a personal author Element Example, including punctuation 1 Owner of the web site (capitals) UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. 2 Year of publication Title of the web Patient care page (italics) 4 [online]. 5 Date you looked at the [Accessed 13 December 2007]. web page 6 City of publication Gainesville, FL: 7 Publisher University of Florida. 8 Available from World Wide Web: 9 URL (address of web page) Citation in your text: (University of Florida, College of Medicine, 2007) Reference list/bibliography: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Patient care [online]. [Accessed 13 December 2007]. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida. Available from World Wide Web: < (Courtesy of Chris Brown, Robert Gordon University 2010)

36 Page 36 Reference Lists and Bibliographies Detailed Templates to help create references for Films/ DVDs. DVD or Video Element Example, including punctuation 1 Full title of DVD or Great films from the 80S; a selection of clips from Video Warner Brothers top films from the 1980s. 2 Type of Medium DVD. 3 Director (if relevant) 4 Production Company 5 Year Other relevant information Citation in your text: Warner Brothers. (Great films from the 80s; a selection of clips from Warner Brothers top films from the 1980s., 2005) Reference list/bibliography: Great films from the 80s; a selection of clips from Warner Brothers top films from the 1980s. DVD. Warner Brothers

37 Page 37 Reference Lists and Bibliographies Detailed Templates to help create references for YouTube clips. YouTube Clips Note the Harvard Tool doesn t have a specific example for YouTube. Adapt electronic resource or film to ensure that you have the key information. Element 1 Screen name of Mrgeorged. contributor 2 Year Example, including punctuation 3 Title/Series Top Gear The Stig revealed Full 4 [online]. 5 Date Accessed [Accessed: 23 July 2010]. 6 Available from URL Available from World Wide Web: Citation in your text: (MRGEORGED, 2009) Reference list/bibliography: MRGEORGED Top Gear The Stig revealed Full [online]. [Accessed: 23 July, 2010]. Available from World Wide Web: < v=etapk5draw4>

38 Page 38 Reference Lists and Bibliographies Detailed Templates to help create references for Interviews. Different subject areas have different ways they like interviews to be laid out so check with you teacher what their expectations are. Make sure that the interviewee is happy for a transcript of the interview to be made available. Usually you would include the interview as an appendix. In the appendix include: Interviewee s name. Year of interview. Title of interview. Interviewed by.. name [Type of medium/forma].location and exact date of interview. Together with the actual transcript. Interview Element Example, including punctuation 1 Interviewee FLINT, Sally 2 Year Title of Interview Surviving Referencing. 4 Interview with Duang Turong 5 Date 23 rd October 6 Place Bangkok. Citation in your text: (FLINT, Sally, 2012) Reference list/bibliography: FLINT, Sally Surviving Referencing. Interview with Duang Turong. 23 October. Bangkok.

39 Page 39 Final Word When putting together this guide I referred to various Harvard Guides available online. Most big universities and colleges have their own guide, and they all differ slightly. Also, in most guides I found small mistakes. This just shows how difficult it is to create consistency across a whole guide. I am sure the eagle-eyed will spot mistakes in this guide too! With the emergence of so many online resources those advising how to reference are making up new rules and creating new formats all the time. They are not always in sync with one another. As with so many online resources the editing checks are not in place. It reminds me of the bizarre, often contrary spelling that exists in the English language as a result of the emergence of the increased use of printed material after the invention of William Caxton s printing press around People in different part of England spelled the words as they saw fit. For example, A printer in Newcastle, may not check that a spelling rule was consistent with that used by a printer in London. I mention this to reinforce to you that referencing should not be something you panic about. It should not become a chore where you get bogged down in the intricacies of referencing an unusual resource. You must: Be careful, particularly if entering the information into a bibliography generating tool. Be consistent. Be sensible. (Use your common sense where you can t easily find information, using the tools to help.) Do use appendices for interviews. Do use citations. Very rarely, if at all, will you need to use footnotes. The information that we at Patana give the IB examination boards is that we teach students the basics of Harvard and advise them to use the Microsoft Leeds World Referencing Tool to format their work. Work that adheres to these guidelines we reward fully when assessing work. Ms Sal