APA Citation Style QuickGuide

Transcription

1 APA Citation Style QuickGuide Last update: February 25, 2016 Note: This guide is updated regularly. Instead of saving the PDF, please link here for the most current version. This guide is based on the 6 th edition (2009) of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. For further explanation and for more examples, please consult the Manual, which is available in print. For electronic resources, consult the APA References. To use the APA style, create specific in-text (parenthetical) citations throughout your work (use columns 1b & 1c below) and a reference list at the end of your paper, arranged in alphabetical order by author, that provides full details about your cited sources (use column 1a below). o o References list entries (column 1a below) usually contain, in the following order: Author/creator information (see the examples below for scenarios with multiple authors, etc.) Date of publication Title information (see the examples below for title variations) Publication & retrieval information (e.g., place of publication, publisher name for books; volume and issue numbers for journal articles; a URL or DOI) In-text citations (columns 1b & 1c below) make abbreviated reference to the complete citations in your reference list. Column 1b is for the first time you cite a work in text, and column 1c is for any subsequent citations of the same work. Include page numbers only where specific pages have been referred to or quoted, e.g. (Smith, 2011, p. 22). See APA section 6.19 for more information. About DOIs: Wherever possible, to include DOIs for documents retrieved electronically. A DOI is a digital object identifier. Each DOI (a string of letters and numbers) is unique and refers to a single article or other digital object, such as an electronic book. DOIs can most often be found on the first page of a journal article, or on the referring database s page about the article. If you cannot locate a DOI for a document retrieved electronically, APA asks you to include the home page URL of the journal or publisher. The APA Manual says, you may need to do a quick web search to locate this URL (192). Do not include the name of the database you used unless you cannot find the home page URL of the journal or publisher. APA recommends using the following format for DOIs: This format is also acceptable: doi: /rmh Whichever format you choose, make sure that you are consistent. Your reference list should be double-spaced, alphabetized, and indented, like the examples below. See page 49 in the Manual for an example of a formatted reference list. Source 1a. References 1b. First Citation 1c. Subsequent Citations (1 author) with a DOI (Refer to table 6.1 on p. 177, APA Manual, and p. 11, APA Style Guide to Mousseau, M. (2003). The nexus of market society, liberal preferences, and democratic peace: Interdisciplinary theory and evidence. International Studies Quarterly, 47, First citation in text Mousseau (2003) (Mousseau, 2003)

2 (2 authors) with no DOI (Refer to secs & 7.01, APA Hubball, H., & West, D. (2008). Silence and authentic reflection strategies: Holistic learning in an outdoor education program. Physical & Health Education Journal, 74(2), Retrieved from **With no DOI, provide the URL to the journal s homepage** Hubball and West (2013) (Hubball & West, 2013) (3-5 authors) Retrieved in print, with no DOI (Refer to table 6.1 on p. 177 and sec. 7.01, APA (6-7 authors) with a DOI (Refer to secs & 6.31, APA Manual, and p. 11, APA Style Guide to (8 or more authors: list first six authors, then three ellipses, then last author s name) with a DOI (Refer to secs & 6.31, APA Manual, and p. 11, APA Style Guide to Gutin, B., Riggs, S., Ferguson, M., & Owens, S. (1999). Description and process evaluation of a physical training program for obese children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 70(1), Hinckley, T. M., Brooks, J. R., Cermak, J., Ceulmans, R., Kucera, J., Meinzer, F.C., & Roberts, D.A. (1994). Water flux in hybrid poplar stand. Tree Physiology, 14, Ward, R. D., Kellendonk, C., Simpson, E. H., Lipatova, O., Drew, M., Fairhurst, S., Balsam, P. D. (2009). Impaired timing precision produced by striatal D2 receptor overexpression is mediated by cognitive and motivational deficits. Behavioral Neuroscience, 123(4), Gutin, Riggs, Ferguson, and Owens (1999) (Gutin, Riggs, Ferguson, & Owens, 1999) Hinckley et al. (1994) (Hinckley et al., 1994) Ward et al. (2009) (Ward et al., 2009) Gutin et al. (1999) (Gutin et al., 1999) Magazine article (Refer to secs & , APA Manual, and p. 13, APA Style Guide to Intini, J. (2009, October 5). Fussing over fonts: Can changing a catalogue font hurt the bottom line? Maclean s, 302(38), 48. Retrieved from **omit Retrieved from statement if not retrieved online** Intini (2009) (Intini, 2009) Newspaper article (Refer to secs & , APA Manual, and p. 14, APA Style Guide to Hughes, L. (2006, October 26). Blue-box blues. The Globe and Mail, p. A20. **add Retrieved from statement if retrieved online** Hughes (2006, p. A20) (Hughes, 2006, p. A20)

3 Book Stainton-Rogers, W. (2003). Social psychology: Experimental and critical approaches. Maidenhead, PA: Open University Press. Stainton-Rogers (2003) (Stainton-Rogers, 2003) E-Book (with group author) With a DOI (Refer to sec and 7.02, APA Manual, and p , APA Style Guide to American Psychological Association. (1985). A hospital practice primer for psychologists. **With no DOI, provide URL to publisher s homepage** American Psychological Association (APA, 1985, p. 34) (American Psychological Association [APA], 1985, p. 34) APA (1985, p.34) (APA, 1985, p.34) E-Book Read on an e-reader Manual, and p , APA References) Bartol, C. R., & Bartol, A. M. (2004). Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and application [Kindle version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com Bartol and Bartol (2004) (Bartol & Bartol, 2004) Edited Book Shulman, D., & Stroumsa, G. G. (Eds.). (1999). Dream cultures: Explorations in the comparative history of dreaming. New York: Oxford University Press. Shulman and Stroumsa (1999) (Shulman & Stroumsa, 1999) Chapter in an edited book Manual, and p. 11 & 18, APA Style Guide to (Refer to sec. 6.27, APA Manual, for directions on hyphenated first names) Print book: Li, W.-Y. (1999). Dreams of interpretation in early Chinese historical and philosophical writings. In D. Shulman & G. G. Stroumsa (Eds.), Dream cultures: Explorations in the comparative history of dreaming (pp ). New York: Oxford University Press. E-Book: Ward, L. M., & Harrison, K. (2005). The impact of media use on girls beliefs about gender roles, their bodies, and sexual relationships: A research synthesis. In E. Cole & J. Henderson (Eds.), Psychology of Women Book Series: Featuring females: Feminist analyses of media (pp. 3-23). Li (1999) (Li, 1999) Ward and Harrison (2005, pp. 4-5) (Ward & Harrison, 2005, pp. 4-5)

4 Book (edition) Berry, R. C., & Wong, G. M. (1993). Law and business of the sports industries: Common issues in amateur and professional sports (2 nd ed.). Westport, CT: Praeger. Berry and Wong (1993) (Berry & Wong, 1993) Encyclopedia entry (Refer to secs and 7.02 #27-30, APA Print encyclopedia: Lott, B. (2001). Gender development: Social learning. In Encyclopedia of women and gender (Vol. 1, pp ). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Electronic encyclopedia: with editor, but no entry authors Continuing education and lifelong learning trends. (2012). In Sonya D. Hill (Ed.), Encyclopedia of management (7 th ed.). Retrieved from go.galegroup.com/ps/start.do?p=gvrl&u=edmo69826&authcount=1 **Provide URL to publisher s homepage. Use DOI instead of URL, if available** Lott (2001) (Lott, 2001) Continuing Education (2012) ( Continuing Education, 2012) Canadian statute (Refer to sec. A7.04, APA Manual, and sec. 2.1, Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation) Mental Health Act, RSA 2000, c M-13. Mental Health Act (2000) (Mental Health Act, 2000) Video or DVD (Refer to sec. 7.07, APA Fanizza, S. (Producer), Fink, D. (Director/Editor), & Hanlon, T. (Writer). (1997). Flexibility for sport and fitness [DVD]. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Fanizza, Fink, and Hanlon (1997) (Fanizza, Fink, & Hanlon, 1997) Fanizza et al. (1997) (Fanizza et al., 1997) Streaming video (Refer to p. 26, APA Style Guide to Electronic References) Gresham College [GreshamCollege]. (2014, February 7). Criminal Minds Professor Glen D. Wilson [Video file]. Retrieved from Gresham College (2014) (Gresham College, 2014)

5 Webpage with date (1 author) (Refer to p , APA References) Moore, T. R. (2014, July 7). Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. Retrieved from Moore (2014) (Moore, 2014) Webpage with date (with group author) (Refer to p , APA References, and sec. 6.13, APA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014, May 2). Children s mental health. Retrieved from /childdevelopment/mentalhealth.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2014, para. 2) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014, para. 2) CDC (2014, para. 2) (CDC, 2014, para. 2) Webpage with no date (no author) (Refer to p , APA References, and sec. 6.15, APA Borderline personality disorder. (n.d.). Retrieved from Borderline Personality Disorder (n.d., para. 4) ( Borderline Personality Disorder, n.d., para. 4) Personal Communications (Refer to sec. 6.20, APA APA states, Because they do not provide recoverable data, personal communications are not included in the reference list. Cite personal communication in text only. Give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact date as possible. (APA, 2009, p. 179) J.T. Smith (personal communication, February 24, 2010) stated that government sponsored resources for the homeless in Alberta have deteriorated significantly since Government sponsored resources for the homeless in Alberta have deteriorated significantly since 2001 (J.T. Smith, personal communication, February 24, 2010).

6 Sample Reference List References American Psychological Association. (1985). A hospital practice primer for psychologists. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Bartol, C. R., & Bartol, A. M. (2004). Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and application [Kindle version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com Gresham College [GreshamCollege]. (2014, February 7). Criminal Minds Professor Glen D. Wilson [Video file]. Retrieved from Gutin, B., Riggs, S., Ferguson, M., & Owens, S. (1999). Description and process evaluation of a physical training program for obese children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 70(1), Hinckley, T. M., Brooks, J. R., Cermak, J., Ceulmans, R., Kucera, J., Meinzer, F. C., & Roberts, D. A. (1994). Water flux in hybrid poplar stand. Tree Physiology, 14, Hubball, H., & West, D. (2008). Silence and authentic reflection strategies: Holistic learning in an outdoor education program. Physical & Health Education Journal, 74(2), Retrieved from Intini, J. (2009, October 5). Fussing over fonts: Can changing a catalogue font hurt the bottom line? Maclean s, 302(38), 48. Retrieved from Stainton-Rogers, W. (2003). Social psychology: Experimental and critical approaches. Maidenhead, PA: Open University Press. Ward, L. M., & Harrison, K. (2005). The impact of media use on girls beliefs about gender roles, their bodies, and sexual relationships: A research synthesis. In E. Cole & J. Henderson (Eds.), Psychology of Women Book Series: Featuring females: Feminist analyses of media (pp. 3-23). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Ward, R. D., Kellendonk, C., Simpson, E. H., Lipatova, O., Drew, M., Fairhurst, S., Balsam, P. D. (2009). Impaired timing precision produced by striatal D2 receptor overexpression is mediated by cognitive and motivational deficits. Behavioral Neuroscience, 123(4),

7 Deciphering citations The following was created to help make sense of the elements within a citation. This example is based on a journal article retrieved electronically, with a DOI.