APA Referencing Guide A guide for TWoA tauira

Transcription

1 Nga Tohutoro APA Referencing Guide A guide for TWoA tauira

2 1 APA Referencing Contents What is APA Referencing?... 2 Why do we use APA Referencing?... 2 Parts of a Kaimahi Rangahau APA Referencing List Formats... 3 Book In-text Personal Communication... 5 Artwork (Figure caption)... 5 Artwork (In-text citation)... 6 New Zealand Acts of Parliament (In-text citation)... 6 Theses... 6 Articles in Journals, Magazine, Newsletters... 6 Articles in Newspapers... 6 Artwork sourced Online/Published... 7 Website... 7 New Zealand Acts of Parliament... 7 APA Referencing Help... 8 Digital Object Identifier (DOI)... 8

3 What is APA Referencing? 2 Referencing is the practice of acknowledging the ideas and imagery that are generally not your own as expressed in your written assignments, power point presentations and in your visual diary studio work. We use the American Psychological Association (APA) style at Te Wānanga o Aotearoa (TWOA). APA has established a particular editorial style ie. rules about punctuation, capitalisation, order of information and so on. Please note that more rules and examples can be found in, Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition in your library. Your kaiako and other staff are available to guide you regarding the use of APA Referencing. A special mihi is extended to Gwen Basely (TWoA Papaiōea Librarian) and Chris Bryant (TWoA Toi Kaiako) for their mahi that underpins this updated document version. Why do we use APA Referencing? TWOA requires work to be referenced using APA. To avoid plagiarism ie. claiming others ideas and imagery as your own. To help your reader find text and image based information. As a tauira with study at certificate Level 4, diploma Level 5 and degree Levels 6 7, there is an expectation that you must learn and be competent with the following APA Referencing practice. Reference List Formatting In-text Digital References Parts of a Kaimahi Rangahau He kanohi - eyes for seeing important clues in the text and images He waha - mouth to verbally express information He ringa - hands for gathering and grasping information. taonga/toi information informants, books, magazines, digital media. He hinengaro - mind that critically thinks about context and construction. He tāringa - ears for listening. He ngākau - heart for connecting to information Above image: Tāne mahuta [detail] by P. Harrison, In Walker, R., (2008) Tohunga whakairo: Paki Harrision The story of a master carver, Auckland: Penguin, Plate 4.

4 3 APA Referencing List Formats APA style calls the list of books, periodicals, print and non-print materials at the end of your written assignment or power point references. Here are some format examples please pay attention to punctuation and font details, when typing or hand writing the information, so that it adheres to the APA format. Books Book as a whole Editions Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book. Place of publication: Publisher. Mead, H. M. (2003). Tikanga Māori: Living by Māori values. Wellington, New Zealand: Huia Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (# ed). Place of publication: Publisher. Elsmore, B. (2011). Like them that dream: The Maori and the Old Testament (3rd ed.). Auckland, New Zealand: Libro International. Edited book/ complied work Basley, G. (2009). Fun with APA referencing (Rev. ed.). Wellington, New Zealand: Reed. Editor surname, Initial(s). (Ed.). Date of publication (Year). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher. Kawharu, M. (Ed.). (2002). Whenua: Managing our resources. Auckland, New Zealand: Reed. Webber, D. (Comp.). (1996). He paepae kōrero: Research perspectives in Māori education. Wellington, New Zealand: Council for Education Research. Chapter or part of a book Book, no author Book with corporate author Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (Year). Title of article. In Editor s Initial. Surname (Ed.), Title (pp. #-#). Place of publication: Publisher. Pihama, L., & Mara, D. (1994). Gender relations in education. In J. Marshall & L. Massey (Eds.), The politics of learning and teaching in Aotearoa New Zealand (pp ). Palmerston North, New Zealand: Dunmore Press. Title. Date of publication (Year). Place of publication: Publisher. The church and the Māori (1959). Wellington, New Zealand: Diocesan Māori Mission Committee. Corporate Author. Date of publication (Year). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher. Te Wānanga o Aotearoa. (2004). Te miro kaiako handbook Te Awamutu, New Zealand: Author.

5 In-text 4 What is in-text citation? To cite is to point to evidence, authority or proof. To cite correctly you need to collect and assemble details of where your information came from, and note this in the body of your text. APA uses an author-date style. In this style you put usually the name of the author (and or editor), the year the information was published and the page it was on, close to the quote or paraphrase. Source Type Short quotations and paraphrases* Author(s), year published, page number(s) *Page numbers for paraphrases are recommended but not compulsory. Examples The concept of tika, or being correct, is a base principle that applies to all tikanga (Mead, 2003, p. 25). Mead (2003, p. 25) states, the concept of tika, or being correct, is a base principle that applies to all tikanga. Long quotations (40 or more words). No quotation marks, line space above and below, indented 1.3cm, full stop at end then citation. Referring to another s idea but not quoting or paraphrasing. Author(s), date. Drawing an and self-determination. (Te Whaiti, 2005, p. 3). Ramarie (2000) believes that......(ramarie, 2000). Source has no publication date. (Smith, n.d ) Quotations of online material with no page numbers. Use paragraph numbers if there, otherwise the section heading and the paragraph number after that in which the quotation appears. Two authors....refers to the positive relationship that providers have with their principals (Ministry of Social Development, n.d., Final Selection, para. 2). Matiu and Mutu (2005) suggest... Cite both names every time. NB Use and in the sentence. Use & in parentheses. Three, four, or five authors. Identify all the first time you use the source. In subsequent references, include only the surname of the first author, followed by et al. Six or more authors. Cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al....(matiu & Mutu, 2005) First citation: Bishop, Berryman, Richardson and Tiakiwai (2003) state that... or:..., (Bishop, Berryman, Richardson, & Tiakiwai, 2003). Subsequent citation: Bishop et al (2003) state that... or:..., (Bishop et al, 2003). Pere et al (2004) suggest... In a recent study (Pere et al, 2004) it was suggested...

6 5 Corporate author If the author is a government agency or other corporate organisation with a long name, spell out the name the first time it is used, followed by an abbreviation in brackets and the year. In subsequent references, just use the abbreviation and the year. No author or editor For works with no author, cite the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title) and the year. NB: When referring to titles in text, capitalise all words except for conjunctions (and, but), articles (a, an, the), and short prepositions (in, by, for, of) of three letters or less. Use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter, and italicise the title of a periodical, book, brochure, or report. Personal communications Letters, , personal interviews, telephone calls, etc are cited in-text only. As they do not provide recoverable data, they are not included in the reference list. Secondary sources Referring to an author (primary reference) read about in another publication (secondary reference). The secondary source only goes in the reference list. As in the example, if Smith s work is cited in Tauroa s work and you did not read Smith s work, list the Tauroa reference in the reference list. NB: Try to locate the primary source if possible. Artwork [Figure caption] A copy in your work must have a caption followed by a copyright statement. First citation: (Te Wānanga o Aotearoa [TWOA], 2004) Subsequent citations: (TWOA, 2004) (The Church and the Māori, 1958)... ( Parents Should Exercise Controls, 2007) K. Mihaere (personal communication, June 23, 2008) defines (M. Devery, personal communication, June 12, 2008) Smith s study in 1980 (as cited in Tauroa, 2003)... Or Smith in his study (as cited in Tauroa, 2003)... Or... (Smith, as cited in Tauroa, 2003, p. 71) Or Tauroa (2003, p. 71), in reporting Smith s study, states.... Figure 2. Kete by E Puketapu-Hetet, Copyright 2004 by the Museum of New Zealand. Te Papa Tongarewa.

7 6 Artwork [In-text citation] Erenora Puketapu-Hetet uses this technique in Kete (1979). Referring to a work in your text. See p.7 for how this citation will appear in the reference list. NZ Acts of Parliament Theses Master s thesis PhD thesis Articles in journals, magazines, newsletters etc... With author/s No author Online usually in a database with DOI (see p.12) Online without DOI Use the publisher s home page URL or omit retrieval statement. Check with you tutor. Articles in newspapers Newspaper story - author The Health and Safety at Work Act (2015) specifies. Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (YYYY). Title. Unpublished master s thesis, University, Place. Raureti, R. (2000). Te Kura Maori o Matata = Matata Native School: : Untold stories. Unpublished master s thesis. University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (YYYY). Title. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University, Place. Pohatu, G. H. (1998). The university, Māori studies and treaty praxis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. article. Title of Journal, Volume (Issue), pp-pp. Sharples, P. (1989). Kura kaupapa Māori. Access, 8 (1), Title. Date of publication (YYYY). Title of Journal, Volume (Issue), pp-pp. article. Title of Journal, Volume (Issue), pp-pp. doi: DOI Hall, N., Hornby, G., & Macfarlane, S. (2015). Enabling school engagement for Māori families in New Zealand. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 24(10), doi: /s article. Title of Periodical, Volume (Issue), pp-pp. Retrieved from URL Muriwai, E., Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). Culture as cure? The protective function of Māori cultural efficacy on psychological distress. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 44 (2), Retrieved from psychology.org.nz/ Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (YYYY, Month date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, p. #. Taylor, C., & Devine, R. (2004, June 30). Council to fight Māori over water supply. The Daily Post, p. 1. Newspaper story - no author Title. (YYYY, Month date). Title of Newspaper, p. #. Air NZ filled more seats in May (2004, July 1). The Daily Post, p.8.

8 7 Newspaper story - no author - online version Artwork From the web Physically sighted [published] Sources on the Web. NB: Rules regarding authors are as above. Information on a web page usually likely to be changed/updated so needs a retrieval date. Website document eg. a report You Tube Video NZ Acts NZ Acts of Parliament Title. Date of publication (YYYY, Month date). Title of Newspaper. Retrieved from URL. Defiant Saddam calls Bush the real criminal. (2004, July 1). The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from Artist surname, Initial(s). Year of production (YYYY). Title of work [type of artwork, medium and dimensions]. Retrieved from URL. Puketapu-Hetet, E. (1979). Kete [Muka,dye bag, 300 x 240mm]. Retrieved from aspx?oid=63836&term=kete Artist surname, Initial(s). Year of production (YYYY). Title of work [type of artwork, medium and dimensions]. Place of exhibition: Building. Puketapu-Hetet, E. (1979). Kete [Muka, dye bag, 300 x 240mm]. Wellington, New Zealand: Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. article or section. Retrieved Month date, YYYY, from URL Ministry of Social Development. (n.d.). The five-year action plan for out of school services. Retrieved November 11, 2009, from nz/about-msd-and-our-work/work-programmes/policy-development/out-ofschool-services/index.html document. Retrieved from URL Bishop, R., Berryman, Tiakiwai S., & Richard, C. (2003). Te kotahitanga: The experiences of year 9 and 10 Māori students in mainstream classrooms. Retrieved from series/9977/5375 Author, A. A. [Screen name]. Date of publication (year, month day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from Moyle, P. [paora moyle]. (2016, September 29). Cultural competency to work with Maori? [Video file]. Retrieved from watch?v=ano8anr8wow Name of Act, No. ##, year enacted (YYYY). Health and Safety at Work Act, No. 70, 2015.

9 APA Referencing Help 8 You may find that the above examples do not always reflect exactly the details of a source that you need to cite. In this case, you can: Adapt a format remembering the basic rules and that the reader needs enough information to find the source; Consult the Publication Manual of the Psychological Association (6th ed.); Consult your Tutor; Library staff; Student Support advisors Use one of the following links for help. Digital Object Identifier A digital object identifier (or, DOI) is a permanent identifier given to a document, which is not related to its current location. A typical use of a DOI is to give a scientific paper or article a unique identifying number that can be used by anyone to locate details of the paper, and possibly an electronic copy. In this way it functions as a permalink. Unlike the URL system used on the Internet for web pages, the DOI does not change over time, even if the article is relocated (provided the DOI resolution system is updated when the change of location is made). (Wikipedia) According to APA referencing style if a digital article has a DOI, its DOI is used instead of a URL. eg. Vazsonyi, A. T., & Keily, M. K. (2007). Normative developmental trajectories of aggressive behaviours in African American, American Indian, Asian American, Caucasian, and Hispanic children and early adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35(6), doi: /s z To locate the article or its details you can either put dx.doi.org/ in front of the DOI in the address bar of your Web browser. NB :Using a DOI you have got from a database that is not freely available (access is with a paid subscription) will not lead you back to that particular Web location. Its function is to provide you with enough information to get the article. eg. dx.doi.org/ /s z or go to one of these websites or and use their DOI resolver. Suggestions Find the above article in the TWOA Library s EBSCO host database user name: twoanz password: twoanz Then use its DOI in the 3 ways given to see how the system works. If you need help contact TWoA Library staff.