1st Quarter Montgomery County Public Schools Grade 8 English: Reading Benchmark Standards

Transcription

1 1st Quarter Montgomery County Public Schools Grade 8 English: Reading Benchmark Standards Fiction Poetry Nonfiction Narrative Informational/ Functional Text References and Word Knowledge 8.5 The student will read and analyze a variety of fiction (SHORT STORY/NOVEL). READING SKILLS (RS) 8.51 Use previewing, activating prior knowledge, and predicting to establish a purpose for reading Analyze plot structure in order to describe how authors use plot and subplots to create meaning. exposition initiating event rising action climax falling action resolution RS: Use pictures and titles to predict what will happen RS: Use graphic organizers to summarize and analyze a text; analyze literary elements of plot, subplot, and climax 8.5d Describe how the author uses conflict to create meaning External conflict: 8.5c individual vs. individual individual vs. nature individual vs. society individual vs. supernatural individual vs. technology Internal conflict: 8.5c individual vs. self RS: Explain the way conflicts are resolved and unresolved SETTING 8.5d Describe how authors use setting to create meaning Individual teachers may introduce poetry. However, the grade level decided as a whole, to focus on poetry during the 2nd and 3rd nineweeks. 8.5 The student will read and analyze a variety of narrative nonfiction (BIOGRAPHY/ AUTOBIOGRAPHY). 8.5d Compare and contrast the characteristics of literary forms, including 8.5d autobiography biography memoir speech Determine an author s purpose (persuade, inform, entertain). READING SKILLS (RS) 8.5l Use previewing, activating prior knowledge, and predicting to establish a purpose for reading PLOT 8.5i Determine the sequence of events of the narrative Describe how the author uses conflict to create meaning. External conflict: individual vs. individual individual vs. nature individual vs. society individual vs. supernatural individual vs. technology Internal conflict: individual vs. self Identify the main idea and supporting details of a paragraph, a section of the text, and the text as a whole. 8.5h& i 8.6 The student will read and comprehend and analyze a variety of informational texts (ESSAYS, ARTICLES, REFERENCE ENTRIES, WEBSITES) and functional texts (DIRECTIONS, RECIPES, FORMS) READING SKILLS (RS) 8.6a Use previewing, activating prior knowledge, and predicting to establish a purpose for reading PATTERNS of ORGANIZATION 8.6i Use knowledge of text structures to aid comprehension Recognize signal words and phrases that reveal text structure. SEQUENTIAL OR CHRONOLOGICAL 8.6i sequence: details arranged according to the step-by-step order in which they occur (frequently related to a process). chronological: details arranged according to the order they happened in time. summarize text and to organize and synthesize details. timeline sequence organizer story organizer/map RS: Find or create a main idea statement; summarize text relating supporting details 8.6g and h 8.4 The student will apply knowledge of word origins. Use word structure to determine meaning of words and phrases 8.4c Recognize the relationships among words related by structure and derivation, such as Example: polygraph and graffiti or carnival and valedictorian 8.4c DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES 8.4c suffixes change the way the word is used -ist -ery -ary -ant -some PREFIXES 8.4c prefixes change meaning con- petro/petri- over- some- under- LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS 8.4c Apply understanding of ultra viva/vivi err mare/mari hydr rhino derm pend pter lith/litho

2 time place RS: Formulate questions to clarify and interpret meaning ; make predictions during the reading process 8.5g CHARACTER 8.5c Describe how authors use characters to create meaning. Understand that characterization is the way that an author presents a character and reveals character traits through What a character does and says. What a character thinks. How other characters respond to a character. RS: Analyze the interactions between individuals, events, and ideas in a text 8.5b Determine whether a character changes or not as a result of his/her experiences dynamic: changes during course of and result of story. static: remains the same. POINT OF VIEW 8.5c Differentiate among the types of point of view an author uses first person (identify the character by name) third person omniscient third person limited to a narrator or character (identify the character by name) RS: compare and contrast points of view; explain the effect of the point of view on the overall theme of the text 8.5f THEME 8.5c Determine the theme and analyze its development over the course of the text. RS: infer theme; identify text that leads to inference 8.5b RS: Find or create a main idea statement; summarize text relating supporting details 8.5h & i SETTING 8.5d Describe how authors use setting (time and place) to provide context RS: activate prior knowledge to establish context 8.5l CHARACTER / SETTING 8.5c Analyze if a person changes as a result of his/her experiences in the selection. dynamic: changes during course of and result of events. static: remains the same. Use Venn diagram and/or twocolumn/t-chart to show how a person changes. 8.5f RS: analyze how a particular sentence or chapter fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the theme, setting, or plot 8.5j LITERARY DEVICES 8.5a Explain the author s use of figurative language in prose. RS: evaluate the author s use of figurative language (what is the effect of the author s choices?) 8.5a LISTING OR ENUMERATION 8.6i details may be listed in random order, order of importance, or another logical organization summarize text and to organize and synthesize details. outline web or cluster TEXT FEATURES 8.6d Use knowledge of text features to aid comprehension boldface/italics type underlining headings/subheadings footnotes graphics annotations sidebars RS: identify evidence in the text that leads to the inference 8.6b AUTHOR S CRAFT 8.6c Understand that an author s background and experiences contribute to his/her viewpoint. Recognize how word choice reveals the author s attitude (tone) toward his/her subject. Examine information (details, facts, statistics, examples, opinions) to determine an author s purpose (persuade, inform, entertain). Distinguish between subjective and objective writing. RS: Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, or section fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes the development of the ideas. 8.6i theo umbr cede gram mort CONTEXT CLUES 8.4b Use context to determine meaning of words and phrases. direct explanation restatement definition examples

3 2nd Quarter Montgomery County Public Schools Grade 8 English: Reading Benchmark Standards Fiction Poetry Nonfiction Narrative Informational/ Functional References and Word Knowledge 8.5 The student will read and analyze a variety of fiction (SHORT STORY/NOVEL). Review plot structure concepts from 1st Quarter Understand and identify flashback; understand the author s use of flashback Understand and identify foreshadowing; understand the author s use of foreshadowing Identify cause-and-effect events from the text RS: analyze how incidents in the story may propel the action, reveal aspects of character, or provoke a decision SETTING 8.5d Review setting concepts from 1st Quarter Analyze how an author uses setting to create mood Describe how authors use setting to reveal character, provide conflict, or simply present a backdrop RS: infer mood; identify text that leads to inference CHARACTER 8.5c Review character and characterization concepts from 8.5 The student will read and analyze a variety of poetry, primarily focused on NARRATIVE POETRY including ballad and free verse. 8.5e READING SKILLS (RS) 8.5l Use previewing, activating prior knowledge, and predicting to establish a purpose for reading Poetry Basics: 8.5d Identify the following: stanza speaker/narrator couplet quatrain Analyze the conflicts in a selection in order to describe how the author uses conflict to create meaning External conflict: individual vs. individual individual vs. nature individual vs. society individual vs. supernatural individual vs. technology Internal conflict: individual vs. self CHARACTER 8.5c Analyze character development in order to determine whether the person changes or not as a result of his/her experiences THEME 8.5c Determine the theme and analyze its development over the course of the poem. 8.5 The student will read and analyze a variety of narrative nonfiction (BIOGRAPHY/ AUTOBIOGRAPHY). Review plot structure concepts from 1st Quarter Understand and identify flashback; understand the author s use of flashback Understand and identify foreshadowing; explain the author s purpose for using foreshadowing 8.5b RS: use information both stated and implied to make inferences and predictions and to draw conclusions about the text; identify evidence in the text that leads to the inference 8.5b CHARACTER /SUBJECT 8.5c Review character concepts from 1st Quarter Identify a character s character traits within a text. 8.6 The student will read comprehend and analyze of a variety of nonfiction/ informational texts. (PERSUASIVE TEXT & INFORMATIONAL ARTICLE) PATTERNS of ORGANIZATION 8.6f Use knowledge of text structures to aid comprehension Recognize signal words and phrases that reveal text structure. RS: Analyze the author s choice of detail by examining relevance, accuracy, placement, thoroughness, and effectiveness. Identify the purpose of the text: to explain how to do something, to give information, to clarify. CAUSE-EFFECT 8.6j details arranged to show connections between a result and the events that preceded it. organize, evaluate, and synthesize details. single cause-single effect multiple causes multiple effects cause-and-effect chain 8.4 The student will apply knowledge of figurative language to extend vocabulary. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE 8.4a Identify figurative language in nonfiction. 8.4 The student will apply knowledge of word origins. DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES 8.4c suffixes change the way the word is used -able -ment -ible -ly -ish -tion/-sion PREFIXES 8.4c prefixes change meaning dis- ex- sub- en- tri- LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS 8.4c Apply understanding of anti ology cide fort tele struct bio jud

4 2nd Quarter Explain why characters make the choices they make and how those choices influence the overall meaning or theme of the work (motivation) RS: explain how a character s traits can help reveal his/her motivation POINT OF VIEW 8.5c Review point of view concepts from 1st Quarter Explain how the author s choice of point of view contributes to meaning RS: analyze how different points of view can create such effects as suspense and humor THEME 8.5c Analyze how the conflict experienced in story can lead the theme RS: infer theme; identify text that leads to inference LITERARY DEVICES 8.5a Explain the author s use of figurative language Explain how the author s use of imagery contributes to meaning Explain the author s use of irony RS: evaluate the author s use of words and images RS: infer a character's role in development of theme LITERARY DEVICES 8.5a Explain the author s use of literary devices/figurative language in poetry: Figurative Language RS: determine the effect of these devices within the poem. Symbol/Symbolism RS: evaluate the poet s use of symbol and its effect of the overall meaning of the poem Imagery Senses - sight, sound, taste, touch, smell Word Choice Connotation RS: evaluate the poet s use of words and images (i.e. how does a particular image contribute to the author s meaning; what is the effect of a particular word on the overall meaning of a passage) Sound Devices onomatopoeia alliteration rhyme rhythm meter repetition RS: evaluate the effect of a particular sound device in a poem RS: explain how a character s traits can help reveal his/her perspective (viewpoint) AUTHOR S CRAFT 8.4b & 8.5c & d Describe how authors use tone to reveal their attitude toward their subject Define an author s tone; Some vocabulary: serious satisfaction solemn disapproving sarcastic personal objective impersonal enthusiastic amusement humorous admiration hostile curiosity RS: identify how author s word choice conveys tone COMPARISON AND CONTRAST 8.6i details arranged to show similarities and differences Analyze multiple accounts of the same event or topic, noting important similarities and differences in the point of view they represent. Analyze two or more texts with conflicting information on the same topic and identify how the texts disagree. organize and synthesize details Venn diagram two-column chart PROCESS 8.6j sequence: details arranged according to the step-by-step order in which they occur cause/effect: details arranged to show connections between a result and the events that preceded it Read and follow instructions to complete an assigned task organize and synthesize details sequence organizer flow chart RS: Find or create a main idea statement; summarize text relating supporting details 8.6g & h therm meter auto scope spec vis graph NOTE: For each Quarter, use Middle School Scope and Sequence of Affixes and Roots to determine which word parts are new and which are review. RS: recognize that words have nuances of meaning (figurative language, connotative, and technical), which help determine the appropriate meaning. 8.4b RS: determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings 8.4a & e

5 Introduce students to PAIRED PASSAGES within a single genre and across genres. 8.5e 3rd Quarter Montgomery County Public Schools Grade 8 English: Reading Benchmark Standards Fiction Poetry Nonfiction Narrative Informational/Functional References and Word Knowledge 8.5 The student will read and analyze a variety of fiction (SHORT STORY/NOVEL). Spiral review of literary concepts from 1st and 2nd Quarters: Plot Setting Character Point of View Theme Continue reading skills from 1st and 2nd Quarters AUTHOR S STYLE 8.5f Understand and analyze elements of an author s style dialogue sentence structure language patterns tone word choice imagery RS: draw conclusions about the author s style (e.g. why used flashback; why chose literary device) RS: connect own background knowledge and personal experience to make inferences and to respond to new information presented in the text RS: infer a character s role in the development of plot and theme of a text 8.5 The student will read and analyze a variety of poetry, primarily focused on NARRATIVE POETRY, including ballad and free verse. Analyze plot structure in order to describe how authors use plot to create meaning initiating event rising action climax falling action resolution Understand the author s use of foreshadowing purpose for using foreshadowing RS: Use graphic organizers to summarize and analyze a poem; analyze literary elements of plot, conflict, and climax SETTING 8.5c Analyze time and place in order to describe how authors use setting to create meaning. RS: Use setting to infer the mood of a poem CHARACTER 8.5c Analyze character development in order to 8.5 The student will read and analyze a variety of narrative nonfiction. NARRATIVE ARTICLE Spiral review of literary concepts from 1st and 2nd Quarters: Plot Setting Character Point of View Theme Continue reading skills from 1st and 2nd Quarters POINT OF VIEW 8.6c Identify the author s viewpoint (perspective) and/or bias. RS: recognize an author s use of connotations and persuasive language to convey viewpoint and bias. CHARACTER/PERSON 8.5c Understand that a person s character traits are revealed by What a person does & says. What a person thinks. How other people respond to the person. RS: make inferences about a person s character based on these. 8.6 The student will read comprehend and analyze of a variety of nonfiction/ informational texts. (PERSUASIVE TEXT & INFORMATIONAL ARTICLE) Differentiate between fact and opinion. PATTERNS of ORGANIZATION 8.7i Use knowledge of text structures to aid comprehension Recognize signal words and phrases that reveal text structure. Identify the purpose of the text. CONCEPT/DEFINITION 8.6i presents general information about a class of persons, places, things, or events Identify concept being defined. Describe distinguishing characteristics and attributes. Identify examples (non-examples) organize and synthesize details: Frayer model concept map 8.4 The student apply knowledge of word origins. DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES 8.4c suffixes change the way the word is used -less -ing -vor -er/or -al/ial PREFIXES 8.4c prefixes change meaning re- in/im/ir/il- mis- in/im- over- LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS 8.4c Apply understanding of arch prim/prin/proto min rota/volv phon mono/uni dict carn/corp port cycl/orb phob anthro/homo/hum curr/curs/cours sym/syn phi/phile CONTEXT CLUES 8.4b Use context to determine meaning of words and phrases. Synonyms Inference Antonyms Signal Words Contrast

6 describe how authors use characters to create meaning. Identify how character traits are revealed by: What a character does & says What a character thinks. How other people respond to a character. RS: infer a character s role in the development of plot and theme of a poem POINT OF VIEW 8.5c Differentiate among the type of point of view an author uses first person (identify the character by name) third person omniscient third person limited to a character (identify the character by name) RS: explain the effect of the point of view on the overall theme of the poem AUTHOR S CRAFT 8.5e Describe the impact of tone mood voice LITERARY DEVICES 8.5d Explain the author s use of literary devices/figurative language in prose. figurative language Explain how the author s use of imagery contributes to meaning Explain the author s use of irony. Explain the author s use of word choice. RS: determine the effect of these devices within the text. AUTHOR S CRAFT 8.5e Determine an author s voice in a text. Identify text that shows an author s personality, awareness of audience, and passion for his or her subject. Explain the impact of the author's voice on the reader RS: use literary elements and historical context to infer author's intent GENERALIZATION 8.6i details arranged to lead the reader to reach a generalization or statement of principle that the author wants to demonstrate. Identify facts, examples, expert opinions, and statistics that support the generalization or principle. Summarize and critique text. organize and synthesize details: web organizer tree organizer RS: Find or create a main idea statement; summarize text relating supporting details 8.6g & h AUTHOR S CRAFT 8.6d Describe how authors use tone to create meaning Define an author s tone: some vocabulary serious solemn sarcastic objective enthusiastic humorous hostile curiosity satisfaction disapproving personal impersonal amusement admiration RS: determine how an author s tone conveys his/her purpose DICTIONARY ENTRY 8.4d Use definitions to identify the meaning of a word in context. Use bracketed information in an entry to determine the origin of a word. Use labels in an entry to know how a word is used in a sentence. (part of speech)

7 Students will continue to work with PAIRED PASSAGES within a single genre and across genres. 4th Quarter Montgomery County Public Schools Grade 8 English: Reading Benchmark Standards Fiction Poetry Nonfiction Narrative Informational/Functional References and Word Knowledge Spiral Review of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Quarters 8.5 The student will read and analyze a variety of fiction (i.e. SHORT STORY/NOVEL). RS: infer mood and theme of a text 8.5d Students will receive a brief introduction to haiku and limerick as forms of poetry. Continuing poetry skills Compare and contrast the author s use of word choice, dialogue, form, rhyme, rhythm, and voice in different texts. Comparing across genres Spiral Review of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd 9 weeks 8.6 The student will read and comprehend and analyze a variety of nonfiction texts Spiral Review of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd 9 weeks 8.6 The student will read and comprehend and analyze a variety of nonfiction texts Distinguish fact from opinion in newspapers, magazines, and other printed media 8.6f Facts can be proven to be true. Opinions cannot be proven to be true. VIEWPOINT 8.6c RS: recognize an author s use of connotations and persuasive language to convey a viewpoint RS: analyze how the author acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints DRAW CONCLUSIONS 8.6b 8.4 The student will use DICTIONARIES, THESAURUSES, and GLOSSARIES to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and technical vocabulary. WORD REFERENCE MATERIALS 8.4d Use thesauruses. Use glossaries. Use dictionaries, general and specialized REFERENCE MATERIALS 8.4d Use print and electronic sources as resource tools to locate information in books and articles. Reference books Magazine & scholarly journals Online resources Educational online resources Internet resources Use graphic organizers to organize information Spreadsheets & databases Presentation software File cards Graphic organizers: flowcharts, Venn diagrams, outlines, time lines, cluster/bubble maps RS: read several texts on a similar topic and synthesize what is read RS: discriminate between connotative and denotative meanings and interpret the connotation 8.4e RS: analyze how a text makes connections among and distinctions between individuals, ideas, or events (e.g. through comparisons, analogies, or categories). CONTEXT CLUES 8.4b Use context to determine meaning of words and phrases. Synonyms Inference Antonyms Signal Words Contrast

8 8.4 The student will apply knowledge of analogies to extend vocabulary development. ANALOGIES Select another pair of words that demonstrates the same relationship as type or example (cinnamon : spice) mathematical (three : six) association (bow : arrow) number (louse : lice) operator (car : drive) characteristics (glass : breakable) degree (pleased : ecstatic) RS: analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including analogies to other texts DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES 8.4c suffixes change the way the word is used -ette -ful -nym -ness PREFIXES 8.4c prefixes change meaning pre- inter- non- de- fore- LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS 8.4c Apply understanding of manu mal ped/pod aqua mater geo/terr gen pater miss/mitt mega cap astr/stell ject/jet chron/temp mot/mob bene/bon