When data collide: Traditional judgments vs. formal experiments in sentence acceptability Grant Goodall UC San Diego
|
|
|
- Tracey Rodgers
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 When data collide: Traditional judgments vs. formal experiments in sentence acceptability Grant Goodall UC San Diego
2 Two areas of concern in syntax
3 1. Traditional judgments + formal experiments What does it mean when they conflict? 2. Constraints on wh-movement Are some still completely beyond our understanding?
4 1. Traditional judgments + formal experiments What does it mean when they conflict? 2. Constraints on wh-movement Are some still completely beyond our understanding?
5 1. Traditional judgments + formal experiments What does it mean when they conflict? 2. Constraints on wh-movement Are some still completely beyond our understanding?
6 Traditional judgments
7 Traditional judgments Formal experiments
8 Traditional judgments Formal experiments Generally align very closely (Cowart 1997, Myers 2009, Sprouse et al. 2013)
9 Traditional judgments Formal experiments Generally align very closely (Cowart 1997, Myers 2009, Sprouse et al. 2013) Occasional discrepancies (Gibson and Fedorenko 2013)
10 Traditional judgments Formal experiments Generally align very closely (Cowart 1997, Myers 2009, Sprouse et al. 2013) Occasional discrepancies (Gibson and Fedorenko 2013) Discussion often misguided:
11 Traditional judgments Formal experiments Generally align very closely (Cowart 1997, Myers 2009, Sprouse et al. 2013) Occasional discrepancies (Gibson and Fedorenko 2013) Discussion often misguided: Which method is right?
12 Traditional judgments Formal experiments Generally align very closely (Cowart 1997, Myers 2009, Sprouse et al. 2013) Occasional discrepancies (Gibson and Fedorenko 2013) Discussion often misguided: Which method is right?
13 Traditional judgments Formal experiments Generally align very closely (Cowart 1997, Myers 2009, Sprouse et al. 2013) Occasional discrepancies (Gibson and Fedorenko 2013) Discussion often misguided: Which method is right? What is each method telling us?
14 Traditional judgments Formal experiments Generally align very closely (Cowart 1997, Myers 2009, Sprouse et al. 2013) Occasional discrepancies (Gibson and Fedorenko 2013) Discussion often misguided: Which method is right? What is each method telling us? What is the right tool for the job?
15 One difference we know about Formal acceptability experiments are very sensitive to demands on working memory. Affects long-distance extraction, for example. Sometimes larger than well-known grammatical effects.
16 Working memory vs. grammar Subject Gap Subject Resumptive Object Gap Object Resumptive 5 4 From Keffala (2011), Keffala & Goodall (2011) 3 Plain Relative That-clause WH-island Relative Clause Island
17 Working memory vs. grammar Subject Gap Subject Resumptive Object Gap Object Resumptive 5 4 From Keffala (2011), Keffala & Goodall (2011) 3 Plain Relative That-clause WH-island Relative Clause Island
18 Working memory vs. grammar Effect of Embedding Subject Gap Subject Resumptive Object Gap Object Resumptive 5 4 From Keffala (2011), Keffala & Goodall (2011) 3 Plain Relative That-clause WH-island Relative Clause Island
19 Working memory vs. grammar Effect of Embedding Subject Gap Subject Resumptive Object Gap Object Resumptive 5 4 From Keffala (2011), Keffala & Goodall (2011) 3 Plain Relative That-clause WH-island Relative Clause Island
20 Working memory vs. grammar Effect of Embedding That-trace effect Subject Gap Subject Resumptive Object Gap Object Resumptive From Keffala (2011), Keffala & Goodall (2011) 3 Plain Relative That-clause WH-island Relative Clause Island
21 Are all differences in results attributable to known differences like this? What are we to make of differences that aren t so easily explained?
22 1. Traditional judgments + formal experiments What does it mean when they conflict? 2. Constraints on wh-movement Are some still completely beyond our understanding?
23 1. Traditional judgments + formal experiments What does it mean when they conflict? 2. Constraints on wh-movement Are some still completely beyond our understanding?
24 An embarrassment of riches Many wh-phenomena have several possible explanations. CNPC: What do you believe the claim that Mary saw? Wh-island: What do you wonder when Mary saw? Both are structurally more complex than: What do you believe that Mary saw?
25 An embarrassment of riches Many wh-phenomena have several possible explanations. CNPC: What do you believe the claim that Mary saw? Wh-island: What do you wonder when Mary saw? Both are structurally more complex than: What do you believe that Mary saw?
26 A number of possible, plausible explanations In terms of: grammar working memory Problem becomes figuring out relative role of each.
27 A number of possible, plausible explanations In terms of: grammar working memory Problem becomes figuring out relative role of each.
28 Not all cases give us this luxury For other wh-phenomena, we are lucky to come up with any plausible explanation. Who do you think (that) Mary saw? Who do you think (*that) saw Mary? Appears to make little sense in terms of processing. Also hard to find grammatical reason.
29 Not all cases give us this luxury For other wh-phenomena, we are lucky to come up with any plausible explanation. Who do you think (that) Mary saw? Who do you think (*that) saw Mary? Appears to make little sense in terms of processing. Also hard to find grammatical reason.
30 1. Traditional judgments + formal experiments What does it mean when they conflict? 2. Constraints on wh-movement Are some still completely beyond our understanding?
31 1. Traditional judgments + formal experiments What does it mean when they conflict? Subextraction from SPEC of CP 2. Constraints on wh-movement Are some still completely beyond our understanding?
32 Background Like many languages, Spanish forbids subextraction from (preverbal) subjects: *Esta es la autora de la que [varias traducciones ] han ganado premios internacionales. `This is the author by whom [several translations ] have won international awards.'
33 Subextraction out of SPEC/CP But Esther Torrego noticed an amazing fact: subextraction improves when subject is moved to SPEC of CP: De qué autora no sabes [qué traducciones ] han ganado premios internacionales? `By what author don't you know [which translations ] have won internat l awards?' (Torrego (1985), Chomsky (1986))
34 Also in Italian? [Di quale autore] ti domandi [ CP [quanti libri t] i [ TP siano stati censurati t i ] ] ] Which author do you wonder how many books by have been censored? (from Rizzi 2006: 114)
35 Also in English? Which athletes i do you wonder [ CP [which pictures of t i ] j Mary bought t j ]? Which athletes i do you wonder [ CP [which pictures of t i ] j t j are on sale] Lasnik & Saito (1992:111)? [ CP Who i can t you decide [ CP [how many pictures of t i ] z to buy t z for your kids]]? Kayne (1984:192)
36 Why is this amazing? I. Syntax Freezing Principle Criterial Freezing Chain Uniformity [ ] k [ k ] j j
37 Why is this amazing? I. Syntax Freezing Principle Criterial Freezing Chain Uniformity [ ] k [ k ] j j
38 Why is this amazing? I. Syntax Freezing Principle Criterial Freezing Chain Uniformity [ ] k [ k ] j j
39 Why is this amazing? I. Syntax Freezing Principle Criterial Freezing Chain Uniformity [ ] k [ k ] j j
40 Why is this amazing? I. Syntax Freezing Principle Criterial Freezing Chain Uniformity [ ] k [ k ] j j
41 Freezing Principle at work You gave [a book about Tom] to your niece. You gave to your niece [a book about Tom]. Who did you give [a book about ] to your niece]??*who did you give to your niece [a book about ]?
42 Freezing Principle at work You gave [a book about Tom] to your niece. You gave to your niece [a book about Tom]. Who did you give [a book about ] to your niece]??*who did you give to your niece [a book about ]?
43 Criterial Freezing An element moved to a position dedicated to some scopediscourse interpretive property, a criterial position, is frozen in place. Rizzi (2004) *[ CP [Which book] does Bill wonder [ CP t [she read t] ] ]?
44 Why is this amazing? II. Sentence processing [Which author] don t you know [which translations of ] won prizes? Requires: Positing filler (hard) Positing filler before other dependency resolved (really hard) Positing gap (hard) Doing all of this at the same time (really hard!)
45 Why is this amazing? II. Sentence processing [Which author] don t you know [which translations of ] won prizes? Requires: Positing filler (hard) Positing filler before other dependency resolved (really hard) Positing gap (hard) Doing all of this at the same time (really hard!)
46 So many reasons to be amazed by subextraction from SPEC/CP [Which author] don t you know [which translations of ] won prizes? We would expect it to be worse, not better, than subextraction from subject.
47 But does it happen? Some have claimed that it does not (e.g., G. Müller 2010, Gallego 2010). Gallego (2010) suggests de qué autora is argument of sabes: De qué autora no sabes [qué traducciones] han ganado premios internacionales? `By what author don't you know [which translations] have won international awards?' This shouldn t be possible in English.
48 English is a great test case Because of preposition stranding, we can be more certain where the gap is. This is not possible in Spanish. A formal experiment makes sense here. Phenomenon is subtle at best. Contrast has been called into question.
49 English is a great test case Because of preposition stranding, we can be more certain where the gap is. This is not possible in Spanish. A formal experiment makes sense here. Phenomenon is subtle at best. Contrast has been called into question.
50 English is a great test case Because of preposition stranding, we can be more certain where the gap is. This is not possible in Spanish. A formal experiment makes sense here. Phenomenon is subtle at best. Contrast has been called into question.
51 Method 48 participants 7-point scale (1 = very bad, 7 = very good )
52 Materials: design 2 x 3 x 2 design: Grammatical function of affected constituent: Subject vs. Object Location of affected constituent: SPEC/CP vs. Embedded clause vs. Matrix clause Type of wh-movement: Preposition-stranding vs. Pied-Piping
53 Materials: lists 4 tokens of each condition: Subjects see 48 experimental items 57 fillers (1.2 : 1 filler/experimental ratio) 12 lists: counterbalanced (Latin square) and pseudorandomized 12 additional lists with reverse order of items 2 subjects randomly assigned to each list Screening out of outlier subjects based on fillers
54 Phrase with gap Location Function Sample stimuli matrix embedded embedded SPEC/CP Subject Object Subject Object Subject Object [Which animal] will [several movies about ] be shown to the visitors? [Which animal] will they show [several movies about ] to the visitors? [Which animal] do you wonder whether [several movies about ] will be shown to the visitors? [Which animal] do you wonder whether they will show [several movies about ] to the visitors? [Which animal] do you wonder [how many movies about ] will be shown to the visitors? [Which animal] do you wonder [how many movies about ] they will show to the visitors?
55 Phrase with gap Location Function Sample stimuli matrix embedded embedded SPEC/CP Subject Object Subject Object Subject Object [Which animal] will [several movies about ] be shown to the visitors? [Which animal] will they show [several movies about ] to the visitors? [Which animal] do you wonder whether [several movies about ] will be shown to the visitors? [Which animal] do you wonder whether they will show [several movies about ] to the visitors? [Which animal] do you wonder [how many movies about ] will be shown to the visitors? [Which animal] do you wonder [how many movies about ] they will show to the visitors?
56 Phrase with gap Location Function Sample stimuli matrix embedded embedded SPEC/CP Subject Object Subject Object Subject Object [Which animal] will [several movies about ] be shown to the visitors? [Which animal] will they show [several movies about ] to the visitors? [Which animal] do you wonder whether [several movies about ] will be shown to the visitors? [Which animal] do you wonder whether they will show [several movies about ] to the visitors? [Which animal] do you wonder [how many movies about ] will be shown to the visitors? [Which animal] do you wonder [how many movies about ] they will show to the visitors?
57 With preposition-stranding GapInSubject-Stranding 0.2 GapInObject-Stranding matrix embedded SPEC/CP
58 With preposition-stranding GapInSubject-Stranding 0.2 GapInObject-Stranding matrix embedded SPEC/CP
59 With preposition-stranding GapInSubject-Stranding Subject island effect GapInObject-Stranding matrix embedded SPEC/CP
60 With preposition-stranding GapInSubject-Stranding Subject island effect Whether -island effect GapInObject-Stranding matrix embedded SPEC/CP
61 With preposition-stranding GapInSubject-Stranding Subject island effect Whether -island effect GapInObject-Stranding matrix embedded SPEC/CP
62 With preposition-stranding GapInSubject-Stranding Subject island effect Whether -island effect GapInObject-Stranding Subject island effect matrix embedded SPEC/CP
63 With preposition-stranding GapInSubject-Stranding Subject island effect Whether -island effect Subject island effect GapInObject-Stranding Subject island effect disappears matrix embedded SPEC/CP
64 With preposition-stranding GapInSubject-Stranding Subject island effect Whether -island effect Subject island effect GapInObject-Stranding Subject island effect disappears. matrix embedded SPEC/CP SPEC/CP amelioration doesn t materialize.
65 Conclusion so far: effect does not exist Severe degradation with subextraction from subject. Even worse with subextraction from SPEC/CP. So far: Preposition-stranding, where gap position is clear. What about with pied-piping?
66 Conclusion so far: effect does not exist Severe degradation with subextraction from subject. Even worse with subextraction from SPEC/CP. So far: Preposition-stranding, where gap position is clear. What about with pied-piping?
67 Phrase with gap Location Function Sample stimuli matrix embedded embedded SPEC/CP Subject Object Subject Object Subject Object [About which animal] will [several movies ] be shown to the visitors? [About which animal] will they show [several movies ] to the visitors? [About which animal] do you wonder whether [several movies ] will be shown to the visitors? [About which animal] do you wonder whether they will show [several movies ] to the visitors? [About which animal] do you wonder [how many movies ] will be shown to the visitors? [About which animal] do you wonder [how many movies ] they will show to the visitors?
68 With pied-piping GapInSubject-PPing 0.2 GapInObject-PPing matrix embedded SPEC/CP
69 With pied-piping GapInSubject-PPing 0.2 GapInObject-PPing No Subject island effects matrix embedded SPEC/CP
70 With pied-piping GapInSubject-PPing No Subject island effects. Lack of subject island effects suggests participants are not positing gap within subject. GapInObject-PPing matrix embedded SPEC/CP
71 P-stranding and pied-piping together GapInSubject-Stranding GapInObject-Stranding GapInSubject-PPing GapInObject-PPing matrix embedded SPEC/CP
72 P-stranding and pied-piping together Subject island effect GapInSubject-Stranding GapInObject-Stranding GapInSubject-PPing GapInObject-PPing matrix embedded SPEC/CP
73 P-stranding and pied-piping together Subject island effect GapInSubject-Stranding GapInObject-Stranding GapInSubject-PPing GapInObject-PPing SPEC/CP effect matrix embedded SPEC/CP
74 Original subextraction claims? GapInSubject-Stranding GapInObject-Stranding GapInSubject-PPing GapInObject-PPing matrix embedded SPEC/CP
75 Original subextraction claims? GapInSubject-Stranding GapInObject-Stranding GapInSubject-PPing GapInObject-PPing [By which author] did [various translations ] win awards? matrix embedded SPEC/CP
76 Original subextraction claims? GapInSubject-Stranding GapInObject-Stranding GapInSubject-PPing GapInObject-PPing [By which author] did [various translations ] win awards? Position of gap is clear. -1 matrix embedded SPEC/CP
77 Original subextraction claims? GapInSubject-Stranding GapInObject-Stranding GapInSubject-PPing GapInObject-PPing [By which author] don t you know [how many translations ] won awards? [By which author] did [various translations ] win awards? Position of gap is clear. -1 matrix embedded SPEC/CP
78 Original subextraction claims? GapInSubject-Stranding GapInObject-Stranding GapInSubject-PPing GapInObject-PPing [By which author] don t you know [how many translations ] won awards? [By which author] did [various translations ] win awards? Position of gap is unclear Position of gap is clear. -1 matrix embedded SPEC/CP
![author] don t you know [how many translations ] won awards? -0.2-0.](/docs-images/90/104459180/images/79-1.jpg "4 [By which author] did [various translations ] win awards? Position of gap is unclear. -0.6-0.")
79 Original subextraction claims? GapInSubject-Stranding GapInObject-Stranding GapInSubject-PPing GapInObject-PPing [By which author] don t you know [how many translations ] won awards? [By which author] did [various translations ] win awards? Position of gap is unclear Position of gap is clear. This could be the source of the claimed contrast. matrix embedded SPEC/CP
80 Conclusion One can detect a contrast, but only if one ignores a confound. Original claim: gap in subject < gap in SPEC/CP Could also be not clear where gap is Once we distentagle confound, situation becomes clear: gap in SPEC/CP < gap in subject < unclear gap position
81 Conclusion One can detect a contrast, but only if one ignores a confound. Original claim: gap in subject < gap in SPEC/CP Once we distentagle confound, situation becomes clear: gap in SPEC/CP < gap in subject < unclear gap position
82 Conclusion One can detect a contrast, but only if one ignores a confound. Original claim: gap in subject < gap in SPEC/CP Could also be not clear where gap is Once we distentagle confound, situation becomes clear: gap in SPEC/CP < gap in subject < unclear gap position
83 Conclusion One can detect a contrast, but only if one ignores a confound. Original claim: gap in subject < gap in SPEC/CP Could also be not clear where gap is Once we distentagle confound, situation becomes clear: gap in SPEC/CP < gap in subject < unclear gap position
84 Moral of the story Traditional judgments need to be done carefully too, with due concern for true minimal pairs, etc. Formal experiments can be useful in adjudicating disputes. Neither method is unassailable or always done flawlessly. Choose the best tool for the job, and use it correctly.
85 Moral of the story Traditional judgments need to be done carefully too, with due concern for true minimal pairs, etc. Formal experiments can be useful in adjudicating disputes. Neither method is unassailable or always done flawlessly. Choose the best tool for the job, and use it correctly.
86 Moral of the story Traditional judgments need to be done carefully too, with due concern for true minimal pairs, etc. Formal experiments can be useful in adjudicating disputes. Neither method is unassailable or always done flawlessly. Choose the best tool for the job, and use it correctly.
87 1. Traditional judgments + formal experiments What does it mean when they conflict? 2. Constraints on wh-movement We have eliminated one Are some still completely beyond our understanding? problematic case.
88 1. Traditional judgments + formal experiments What does it mean when they conflict? These cases deserve close scrutiny. 2. Constraints on wh-movement We have eliminated one Are some still completely beyond our understanding? problematic case.
89 1. Traditional judgments + formal experiments What does it mean when they conflict? These cases deserve close scrutiny. 2. Constraints on wh-movement Are some still completely beyond our understanding?
90 1. Traditional judgments + formal experiments What does it mean when they conflict? These cases deserve close scrutiny. 2. Constraints on wh-movement We have eliminated one Are some still completely beyond our understanding? problematic case.
91 Thank you!
92 UC San Diego Experimental Syntax Lab grammar.ucsd.edu/syntaxlab
1 The structure of this exercise
CAS LX 522 Syntax I Fall 2013 Extra credit: Trees are easy to draw Due by Thu Dec 19 1 The structure of this exercise Sentences like (1) have had a long history of being pains in the neck. Let s see why,
! Japanese: a wh-in-situ language. ! Taroo-ga [ DP. ! Taroo-ga [ CP. ! Wh-words don t move. Islands don t matter.
CAS LX 522 Syntax I Episode 12b. Phases, relative clauses, and LF (ch. 10) Islands and phases, summary from last time! Sentences are chunked into phases as they are built up. Phases are CP and DP.! A feature
CAS LX 522 Syntax I. Islands. Wh-islands. Phases. Complex Noun Phrase islands. Adjunct islands
CAS LX 522 Syntax I Week 14b. Phases, relative clauses, and LF (ch. 10) Islands There seem to be certain structures out of which you cannot move a wh-word. These are islands. CNP (complex noun phrase)
Sentence Processing. BCS 152 October
Sentence Processing BCS 152 October 29 2018 Homework 3 Reminder!!! Due Wednesday, October 31 st at 11:59pm Conduct 2 experiments on word recognition on your friends! Read instructions carefully & submit
1 Pair-list readings and single pair readings
CAS LX 500 B1 Topics in Linguistics: Questions Spring 2009, April 21 13a. Questions with quantifiers Considering what everyone says about quantifiers in questions and different ways you can know who bought
Possible Ramifications for Superiority
1 Possible Ramifications for Superiority 1. Superiority up to semantic equivalence (Golan 1993) (1) Who knows what who bought? (Lasnik and Saito 1992) Good but only when em Attract Closest bedded who receives
Sentence Processing III. LIGN 170, Lecture 8
Sentence Processing III LIGN 170, Lecture 8 Syntactic ambiguity Bob weighed three hundred and fifty pounds of grapes. The cotton shirts are made from comes from Arizona. The horse raced past the barn fell.
A note on lo que Ángel J. Gallego (UAB)
A note on lo que Ángel J. Gallego (UAB) angel.gallego@uab.es Most studies of Spanish I am familiar with have focused on the uses of the sequence lo que (Lit. it that) which are shown in (1), illustrating
Luigi Rizzi TG 1. Locality
Luigi Rizzi TG 1 Locality 1. Background: Impenetrability locality and intervention locality. Syntactic representations are unbounded as a consequence of the recursive nature of natural language syntax,
ESL 340: Gerunds/Infinitives. Week 5, Tue. 2/13/18 Todd Windisch, Spring 2018
ESL 340: Gerunds/Infinitives Week 5, Tue. 2/13/18 Todd Windisch, Spring 2018 Speaking Practice With a partner, the teacher will give you two pieces of paper (STUDENT A & STUDENT B) with different questions
*Abstract: -The English abstract should be edited in 10 Point, its line length will be 12 cm, and it will be
CatWPL Style Sheet -Format -Font: Times, 18 Point for the title of the paper, 12 Point for body text, 10 Point for footnotes. -Line spacing: 2 for body text, 1.5 for footnotes. -Margins: all four margins
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Individual Cognitive Measures and Working Memory Accounts of Syntactic Island Phenomena / Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3845q7jz
Non-Reducibility with Knowledge wh: Experimental Investigations
Non-Reducibility with Knowledge wh: Experimental Investigations 1 Knowing wh and Knowing that Obvious starting picture: (1) implies (2). (2) iff (3). (1) John knows that he can buy an Italian newspaper
The Syntax and Semantics of Traces Danny Fox, MIT. How are traces interpreted given the copy theory of movement?
1 University of Connecticut, November 2001 The Syntax and Semantics of Traces Danny Fox, MIT 1. The Problem How are traces interpreted given the copy theory of movement? (1) Mary likes every boy. -QR--->
17. Semantics in L1A
Spring 2012, March 26 Quantifiers Isomorphism Quantifiers (someone, nobody, everyone, two guys) express a kind of generalization. They say something about the members of a set. To see if it is true, you
Answering negative questions in American Sign Language
Answering negative questions in American Sign Language Aurore Gonzalez, Kate Henninger and Kathryn Davidson (Harvard University) NELS 49 [Cornell University] October 5-7, 2018 Answering negative questions
I-language Chapter 8: Anaphor Binding
I-language Chapter 8: Anaphor Daniela Isac & Charles Reiss Concordia University, Montreal Outline 1 2 3 The beginning of science is the recognition that the simplest phenomena of ordinary life raise quite
Restrictive relative clause constructions as implicit coherence relations
Restrictive relative clause constructions as implicit coherence relations Jet Hoek & Hannah Rohde Joint work with Jacqueline Evers-Vermeul & Ted J.M. Sanders SLE 2017, 12 September 2017 Hoek & Rohde Restrictive
Sodern recent development in the design and verification of the passive polarization scramblers for space applications
Sodern recent development in the design and verification of the passive polarization scramblers for space applications M. Richert, G. Dubroca, D. Genestier, K. Ravel, M. Forget, J. Caron and J.L. Bézy
What Can Experimental Philosophy Do? David Chalmers
What Can Experimental Philosophy Do? David Chalmers Cast of Characters X-Phi: Experimental Philosophy E-Phi: Empirical Philosophy A-Phi: Armchair Philosophy Challenges to Experimental Philosophy Empirical
Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory
THE MANDARIN VP Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory VOLUME 44 Managing Editors Liliane Haegeman, University a/geneva Joan Maling, Brandeis University James McCloskey, University a/california,
DAT335 Music Perception and Cognition Cogswell Polytechnical College Spring Week 6 Class Notes
DAT335 Music Perception and Cognition Cogswell Polytechnical College Spring 2009 Week 6 Class Notes Pitch Perception Introduction Pitch may be described as that attribute of auditory sensation in terms
The Lost Art of Listening. How to Remember Names
The Lost Art of Listening You can t not tell your story. Everything in life triggers your own experience. Often the first thing people say is integral to the story they need to tell. People are used to
Recap: Roots, inflection, and head-movement
Syntax II Seminar 4 Recap: Roots, inflection, and head-movement Dr. James Griffiths james.griffiths@uni-konstanz.de he English verbal domain - Modified from the Carnie (2013) excerpt: (1) he soup could
Comparison, Categorization, and Metaphor Comprehension
Comparison, Categorization, and Metaphor Comprehension Bahriye Selin Gokcesu (bgokcesu@hsc.edu) Department of Psychology, 1 College Rd. Hampden Sydney, VA, 23948 Abstract One of the prevailing questions
a shopkeeper (do not accept councillor on its own)
Questions: 1. What is Mr Evans occupation? (1) a shopkeeper (do not accept councillor on its own) 2. Which word from the list below best describes Carrie and Nick s feelings towards Mr Evans in paragraph
15 Inch CGA EGA VGA to XGA LCD Wide Viewing Angle Panel ID# 833
15 Inch CGA EGA VGA to XGA LCD Wide Viewing Angle Panel ID# 833 Operation Manual Introduction This monitor is an open frame LCD Panel monitor. It features the VESA plug & play system which allows the monitor
2012 HSC Latin Extension Marking Guidelines
01 HSC Latin Extension Marking Guidelines Section I Prescribed Text Question 1 (a) Translates the extract into fluent and idiomatic English Consistently and accurately interprets the relationships between
-This is the first grade of the marking period. Be sure to do your very best work and answer all parts of the assignment completely and thoroughly.
Name: 8 th grade summer reading Comment [VCSD1]: The plot diagram is used commonly in literature to visually show the different aspects of a novel, short story, play, etc. It is extremely helpful in determining
Cite. Infer. to determine the meaning of something by applying background knowledge to evidence found in a text.
1. 2. Infer to determine the meaning of something by applying background knowledge to evidence found in a text. Cite to quote as evidence for or as justification of an argument or statement 3. 4. Text
Semantic Research Methodology
Semantic Research Methodology Based on Matthewson (2004) LING 510 November 5, 2013 Elizabeth Bogal- Allbritten Methods in semantics: preliminaries In semantic Fieldwork, the task is to Figure out the meanings
BitWise (V2.1 and later) includes features for determining AP240 settings and measuring the Single Ion Area.
BitWise. Instructions for New Features in ToF-AMS DAQ V2.1 Prepared by Joel Kimmel University of Colorado at Boulder & Aerodyne Research Inc. Last Revised 15-Jun-07 BitWise (V2.1 and later) includes features
LOCALITY DOMAINS IN THE SPANISH DETERMINER PHRASE
LOCALITY DOMAINS IN THE SPANISH DETERMINER PHRASE Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory VOLUME 79 Managing Editors Marcel den Dikken, City University of New York Liliane Haegeman, University
Robin Sullivan 03/04/2018
Robin Sullivan 03/04/2018 Business Manager for Author Michael J. Sullivan 10+ years in the publishing business 10+ years doing these seminars (2/2/08) Online courses with Writer s Digest Negotiated 50+
Language and Mind Prof. Rajesh Kumar Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Language and Mind Prof. Rajesh Kumar Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module - 07 Lecture - 32 Sentence CP in Subjects and Object Positions Let us look
Diagnosing covert pied-piping *
Diagnosing covert pied-piping * Michael Yoshitaka Erlewine & Hadas Kotek, MIT, North East Linguistic Society 43, CUNY, October 2012 1 Introduction Pied-piping is visible in overt movement: (1) [ PP In
Learning Guides 7, 8 & 9: Short Fiction and Creative Writing
Frances Kelsey Secondary School English 10 Learning Guides 7, 8 & 9: Short Fiction and Creative Writing You will need to hand in the following: Worksheet on The Man Who Had No Eyes by MacKinlay Kantor
Sample assessment instrument and student responses. Extended response: Written imaginative Othello
Extended response: Written imaginative Othello This sample is intended to inform the design of assessment instruments in the senior phase of learning. It highlights the qualities of student work and the
COMPARING STATISTICAL MACHINE TRANSLATION (SMT) AND NEURAL MACHINE TRANSLATION (NMT) PERFORMANCES Hervé Blanchon Laurent Besacier Laboratoire LIG Équipe GETALP "#$%%& $%& speech GETA L langue P parole!
Chapter 3 Sluicing. 3.1 Introduction to wh-fragments. Chapter 3 Sluicing in An Automodular View of Ellipsis
1 Chapter 3 Sluicing 3.1 Introduction to wh-fragments (1a, b) below are examples of sluicing, which was first discussed in Ross (1969). In these examples, a wh-phrase (XP[WH[Q]]) is interpreted as a full
Recap: Representation. Subtle Skeletal Differences. How do skeletons differ? Target Poses. Reference Poses
Animation by Example Lecture 2: Motion Signal Processing Michael Gleicher University of Wisconsin- Madison www.cs.wisc.edu/~gleicher www.cs.wisc.edu/graphics Recap: Representation Represent human as hierarchical
Sound visualization through a swarm of fireflies
Sound visualization through a swarm of fireflies Ana Rodrigues, Penousal Machado, Pedro Martins, and Amílcar Cardoso CISUC, Deparment of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
How English Phrases Are Formed: Syntax I
Week 7. yntax: the study of how words are combined into sentences. How English Phrases Are Formed: yntax I remember brick, blick, and bnick? eal nape yntax: the study of how words are combined into sentences.
Bas C. van Fraassen, Scientific Representation: Paradoxes of Perspective, Oxford University Press, 2008.
Bas C. van Fraassen, Scientific Representation: Paradoxes of Perspective, Oxford University Press, 2008. Reviewed by Christopher Pincock, Purdue University (pincock@purdue.edu) June 11, 2010 2556 words
Morphology, heads, gaps, etc.
Syntactic Attributes Morphology, heads, gaps, etc. Note: The properties of nonterminal symbols are often called features. However, we will use the alternative name attributes. (We ll use features to refer
4-5-6 Small Group Week 4
4-5-6 Small Group Week 4 Get Their Attention! (3 minutes) Materials: Detective Notes INTRODUCE yourself and the kids by SAYING: Hey! My name is, and I m so glad all of you are here today for our series,
Punctuation for Research-Based Essays
Punctuation for Research-Based Essays Research: Getting your reader informed Joining a conversation of researchers and writers already in progress. Catching up on what s been learned or said so far. This
UNIT PLAN. Subject Area: English IV Unit #: 4 Unit Name: Seventeenth Century Unit. Big Idea/Theme: The Seventeenth Century focuses on carpe diem.
UNIT PLAN Subject Area: English IV Unit #: 4 Unit Name: Seventeenth Century Unit Big Idea/Theme: The Seventeenth Century focuses on carpe diem. Culminating Assessment: Research satire and create an original
LIKE, LOVE, HATE +ING
LIKE, LOVE, HATE +ING Ex.1. Fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets: 1. I like (go) out with friends. 2. She doesn t like (play) any sport. 3. He hates (cook). 4. She loves (swim). 5. I like (dance).
MLA Guidelines & Paper Editing
(Matthews 16) MLA Guidelines & Paper Editing ( Disasters 9) He believed, Flowers could grow Paper Editing Your rough draft must be edited by two different students. You must also edit two different rough
LISTENING TASK. If I Were A Boy lyrics ( Beyoncé Knowles).
LISTENING TASK If I Were A Boy lyrics ( Beyoncé Knowles). If I...a boy even just for a day I'd roll out of bed in the morning And throw on what I wanted And go drink beer with the... And chase after girls
BIO + OLOGY = PHILEIN + ANTHROPOS = BENE + VOLENS = GOOD WILL MAL + VOLENS =? ANTHROPOS + OLOGIST = English - Language Arts Step 6
English - Language Arts Step 6 The following questions are part of this assessment Question and answer order might be different than the order the student experienced as questions and answers can be randomized
Sample assessment instrument and student responses. Extended response: Written persuasive text suitable for a public audience
Extended response: Written persuasive text suitable for a public audience This sample is intended to inform the design of assessment instruments in the senior phase of learning. It highlights the qualities
Excelsior College OWL National Day on Writing October 20, Doug Downs Montana State University
Excelsior College OWL National Day on Writing October 20, 2014 Doug Downs Montana State University Showing that people from all walks of life, people of all ages, are writing and have an interest in
Research Seminar The syntax and semantics of questions Spring 1999 January 26, 1999 Week 1: Questions and typologies
050.822 Research Seminar The syntax and semantics of questions Spring 1999 January 26, 1999 Paul Hagstrom Week 1: Questions and typologies Syntax and semantics question formation in English Position One:
The study of design problem in design thinking
Digital Architecture and Construction 85 The study of design problem in design thinking Y.-c. Chiang Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan Abstract The view of design as a kind of problem-solving activity
Editing: Meaningful Word and Punctuation Choices
San José State University Writing Center www.sjsu.edu/writingcenter Written by Danny Spiteri Editing: Meaningful Word and Punctuation Choices The English language can be confusing because it has so many
in the park, my mum my sister on the swing. 2 In the sentence below, Dad booked the cinema tickets before he collected them.
1 Fill in the gaps in the sentence below, using the past progressive form of the verbs in the boxes. to play While I in the park, my mum to push my sister on the swing. Q1 SA 2 In the sentence below, Dad
Candidate Surname. Candidate Number
SPECIMEN Level 2 Award Thinking and Reasoning Skills B901 Unit 1: Thinking and Reasoning Skills Specimen Paper Candidates answer on the question paper. Additional materials: Time: 1 hour Candidate Forename
John Benjamins Publishing Company
John Benjamins Publishing Company This is a contribution from Structure Preserved. Studies in syntax for Jan Koster. Edited by Jan-Wouter Zwart and Mark de Vries. This electronic file may not be altered
X-Stream DSO Version 3.6 Release Notes
X-Stream DSO Version 3.6 Release Notes probe calibration and deskew fixture This release contains support for LeCroy s new TF-DSQ option. The fixture enables DC gain, offset, and skew calibration at the
Part Two Standards Map for Program 2 Basic ELA/ELD, Kindergarten Through Grade Eight Grade Seven California English Language Development Standards
The College Board SpringBoard English Language Arts and English Language Development Abbreviation SpringBoard English Language Arts Student Edition, Grade 7 SpringBoard English Language Arts Teacher Edition,
U.S. SJWP National Paper Guidelines
U.S. SJWP National Paper Guidelines These guidelines are designed to help students prepare their paper in a professional format for the U.S. Stockholm Junior Water Prize competition. Please follow them
SECQ Test Method and Calibration Improvements
SECQ Test Method and Calibration Improvements IEEE802.3cd, Geneva, January 22, 2018 Matt Sysak, Adee Ran, Hai-Feng Liu, Scott Schube In support of comments 82-84 Summary We are proposing revising the wording
On (very) Low Wh-Positions
On (very) Low Wh-Positions The Case of Trevigiano Caterina Bonan Université degenève 18th October 2017 Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Insituness in Trevigiano Matrix questions Embedded questions
Chapter 13: Conditionals
Chapter 13: Conditionals TRUE/FALSE The second sentence accurately describes information in the first sentence. Mark T or F. 1. If Jane hadn't stayed up late, she wouldn't be so tired. Jane stayed up late
A noise outside awakens you one night. You look out the window and see a spaceship. The door
1. I Imagine this situation! A noise outside awakens you one night. You look out the window and see a spaceship. The door of the spaceship opens, and out walks a space creature. What does the creature
Imagining. 2. Choose endings: Next, students must drag and drop the correct endings into each square.
Imagining Level: 1º de Bachillerato. Grammar: Conditions type I, II and III. Phrasal verb to come Functions: Talking about imaginary situations and concepts. Vocabulary: Vocabulary related to human behaviour,
AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION 2008 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)
AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION 2008 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B) Question 2 The score should reflect a judgment of the essay s quality as a whole. Remember that students had only 40 minutes to read
WRITING COURSE 6: USING SOURCES
WRITING COURSE 6: USING SOURCES When we read a text we naturally assume that, unless we are told otherwise, the language used and the ideas expressed are the writer s own. What we are going to look at
Sonority as a Primitive: Evidence from Phonological Inventories
Sonority as a Primitive: Evidence from Phonological Inventories 1. Introduction Ivy Hauser University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The nature of sonority remains a controversial subject in both phonology
CD SOUNDTRACK SPIN IT, MASTER SOUND MIXER!
CD SOUNDTRACK SPIN IT, MASTER SOUND MIXER! CD Soundtrack Rubric Soundtrack Songs My CD contains 10 or more tracks that closely relate to the issues and themes presented in the story My CD may have 8+ tracks,
Writing articles for The New Zealand Genealogist
Writing articles for The New Zealand Genealogist It s about the audience Journal is for NZSG members Inform Stimulate research sources and methods Interaction Public Encourage membership Researchers? Types
A HIGHLY INTERACTIVE SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING LARGE VOLUMES OF ULTRASONIC TESTING DATA. H. L. Grothues, R. H. Peterson, D. R. Hamlin, K. s.
A HIGHLY INTERACTIVE SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING LARGE VOLUMES OF ULTRASONIC TESTING DATA H. L. Grothues, R. H. Peterson, D. R. Hamlin, K. s. Pickens Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, Texas INTRODUCTION
An HPSG Account of Depictive Secondary Predicates and Free Adjuncts: A Problem for the Adjuncts-as-Complements Approach
An HPSG Account of Depictive Secondary Predicates and Free Adjuncts: A Problem for the Adjuncts-as-Complements Approach Hyeyeon Lee (Seoul National University) Lee, Hyeyeon. 2014. An HPSG Account of Depictive
Neural evidence for a single lexicogrammatical processing system. Jennifer Hughes
Neural evidence for a single lexicogrammatical processing system Jennifer Hughes j.j.hughes@lancaster.ac.uk Background Approaches to collocation Background Association measures Background EEG, ERPs, and
Whrat do you get when you cross a rubber band with
Scanning for Time: Science and Art on a Photocopier Eric Muller, Exploratorium Teacher Institute, Pier 17, San Francisco, CA Whrat do you get when you cross a rubber band with a photocopier? You get a
LNGT 0250 Morphology and Syntax
LNGT 0250 Morphology and Syntax Announcements Assignment #6 is posted and is due Fri April 24 at 2pm. Next week s presentations order. 3 on Monday. 4 on Wed. Lecture #19 April 20 th, 2015 2 Argument structure
BBC LEARNING ENGLISH The Grammar Gameshow
BBC LEARNING ENGLISH The Grammar Gameshow Relative Clauses 2 Hello and welcome to today s Grammar Gameshow! I m your host,. Could anything be more affirming? And of course, let s not forget, our all-knowing
Sound UNIT 9. Discussion point
UNIT 9 Sound Discussion point LISTENING Listening for organization Listening to interpret the speaker s attitude VOCABULARY Word + preposition combinations SPEAKING Fielding questions during a presentation
MECHANICS STANDARDS IN ENGINEERING WRITING
MECHANICS STANDARDS IN ENGINEERING WRITING The following list reflects the most common grammar and punctuation errors I see in student writing. Avoid these problems when you write professionally. GRAMMAR
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Primary Checkpoint
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Primary Checkpoint ENGLISH 0844/0 Paper April 06 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 50 This document consists of 4 printed pages. IB6 05_0844_0/RP UCLES 06 [Turn over
SOL Testing Targets Sentence Formation/Grammar/Mechanics
SOL Testing Targets Sentence Formation/Grammar/Mechanics For the Virginia Writing SOL tests, all surface features of writing are in one large domain the usage/mechanics domain. As a result, the list of
A STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS FOR READING AND WRITING CRITICALLY. James Bartell
A STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS FOR READING AND WRITING CRITICALLY James Bartell I. The Purpose of Literary Analysis Literary analysis serves two purposes: (1) It is a means whereby a reader clarifies his own responses
English 120 Yanover -- Essay #1: Analysis of a Passion: the Social Significance of Your Topic
English 120 Yanover -- Essay #1: Analysis of a Passion: the Social Significance of Your Topic Format: Value: Length: MLA style, typed, stapled at top left (see sample MLA paper & instructions for producing
Lecture 5: Clustering and Segmentation Part 1
Lecture 5: Clustering and Segmentation Part 1 Professor Fei Fei Li Stanford Vision Lab 1 What we will learn today Segmentation and grouping Gestalt principles Segmentation as clustering K means Feature
Pitch. The perceptual correlate of frequency: the perceptual dimension along which sounds can be ordered from low to high.
Pitch The perceptual correlate of frequency: the perceptual dimension along which sounds can be ordered from low to high. 1 The bottom line Pitch perception involves the integration of spectral (place)
225 Prepositions of place
27 PREPOSITIONS 225 Prepositions of place 1 Basic meanings There are some people in/inside the cafe. The man is waiting outside the cafe. There's a television on the table. There's a photo on top of the
ELA/Literacy Released Items Grade 9 Conventions. Sample Student Responses (from all 3 released tasks)
ELA/Literacy Released Items 2015 Grade 9 Conventions Sample Student Responses (from all 3 released tasks) Anchor Set A1 A8 A1a A1b Score Point 3 A1c Annotations Anchor Paper 1 Conventions Score Point 3
DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions I N COMPLETE SENTENCES on your own paper.
Name: Class/Period: Study Guide: Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions I N COMPLETE SENTENCES on your own paper. Keep these questions in mind as you read Flowers for Algernon
1. Introduction. Paper s Questions
MA Linguistics; Syntax III: Topics in Ellipsis James Griffiths Nominal Ellipsis David Diem, Yixiao Song 13 Dec. 2016 1. Introduction Paper s Questions 1. To what extent does the term (nominal) ellipsis
ALAMO HEIGHTS INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT ALAMO HEIGHTS HIGH SCHOOL
ALAMO HEIGHTS INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT ALAMO HEIGHTS HIGH SCHOOL English Curriculum Framework ENGLISH II GL 1 d Quarter: Introduction to the short story and poetry, literary analysis, and expository
UNIT 13: STORYTIME (4 Periods)
STARTER: UNIT 13: STORYTIME (4 Periods) GRAMMAR SPOT: Question forms: Why/ Who/ Whose/ When/ Where/ What/ Which/ How many/ How much/ How long/ How far/ How/ Ex: - Why do you learn English? - When were
Design for Testability
TDTS 01 Lecture 9 Design for Testability Zebo Peng Embedded Systems Laboratory IDA, Linköping University Lecture 9 The test problems Fault modeling Design for testability techniques Zebo Peng, IDA, LiTH
MEASURING LOUDNESS OF LONG AND SHORT TONES USING MAGNITUDE ESTIMATION
MEASURING LOUDNESS OF LONG AND SHORT TONES USING MAGNITUDE ESTIMATION Michael Epstein 1,2, Mary Florentine 1,3, and Søren Buus 1,2 1Institute for Hearing, Speech, and Language 2Communications and Digital
Style Sheet For Art History Papers
Style Sheet For Art History Papers For questions not handled by this style sheet you should consult Kate L. Turabian A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6 th ed. (Chicago: University
Composer Style Attribution
Composer Style Attribution Jacqueline Speiser, Vishesh Gupta Introduction Josquin des Prez (1450 1521) is one of the most famous composers of the Renaissance. Despite his fame, there exists a significant
Mrs. Katherine Horan Humanities English 9
June 2012 Dear Class of 2016 Student, Congratulations on your admission to the Humanities House! We are so excited to welcome you to the program, and we look forward to working with you and watching you
Please allow myself to introduce myself. The reflexive ("self") pronouns only have two purposes:
Please allow myself to introduce myself. The reflexive ("self") pronouns only have two purposes: 1. To refer back to the subject (when the subject is also the object) 2. To add emphasis. I did it myself!
MLA Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Citing Sources
MLA Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Citing Sources Paraphrase & Summary SUMMARY: an abbreviated & simplified version of another author s info/ideas. Should be significantly shorter than the original text. Best