6.1 Combinational Circuits
|
|
- Sophie Dawson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 6. Combinational Circuits Digital signals Binar (or logical ) values: or, on or off, high or low voltage Wires. Propagate logical values from place to place. ignals "flow" from left to right. ignals and Wires A drawing convention, sometimes violated Actuall: flow from producer to consumer(s) of signal George Boole (85 864) Claude hannon (96 2) Input Output 2 Logic Gates Multiwa AND Gates Logical gates. Fundamental building blocks. AND(,,,, 4, 5, 6, 7 ). if all inputs are. otherwise. ' NOT AND O 3 4
2 Multiwa O Gates Boolean Algebra O(,,,, 4, 5, 6, 7 ). if at least one input is. otherwise. Histor. Developed b Boole to solve mathematical logic problems (847). hannon master's thesis applied it to digital circuits (937). Basics. Boolean variable: value is or. Boolean function: function whose inputs and outputs are,. elationship to circuits. Boolean variables: signals. Boolean functions: circuits. "possibl the most important, and also the most famous, master's thesis of the [2th] centur" --Howard Gardner 5 6 Truth Table Truth Table for Functions of 2 Variables Truth table. stematic method to describe Boolean function. One row for each possible input combination. N inputs 2 N rows. Truth table. 6 Boolean functions of 2 variables. ever 4-bit value represents one AND Truth Table AND(, ) AND Truth Table for All Boolean Functions of 2 Variables ZEO AND XO Truth Table for All Boolean Functions of 2 Variables NO E ' ' NAND O ONE 8 9
3 Truth Table for Functions of 3 Variables Universalit of AND, O, NOT Truth table. 6 Boolean functions of 2 variables. ever 4-bit value represents one 256 Boolean functions of 3 variables. ever 8-bit value represents one 2^(2^N) Boolean functions of N variables ome Functions of 3 Variables z AND O MAJ ODD An Boolean function can be epressed using AND, O, NOT. "Universal." XO(,) = ' ' Epressing XO Using AND, O, NOT ' ' ' ' ' ' XO Eercise. how {AND, NOT}, {O, NOT}, {NAND}, {AND, XO} are universal. Hint. Use DeMorgan s Law: () = ( ) and ( ) = ( ) Notation ' Meaning NOT AND O um-of-products Translate Boolean Formula to Boolean Circuit An Boolean function can be epressed using AND, O, NOT. um-of-products is sstematic procedure. form AND term for each in truth table of Boolean function O terms together Use sum-of-products form. XO(, ) = ' '. Epressing MAJ Using um-of-products z MAJ 'z 'z z' z 'z 'z z' z 2 3
4 Translate Boolean Formula to Boolean Circuit implification Using Boolean Algebra Use sum-of-products form. MAJ(,, z) = 'z 'z z' z. Man possible circuits for each Boolean function. um-of-products not necessaril optimal in: number of gates (space) depth of circuit (time) MAJ(,, z) = 'z 'z z' z = z z. size = 8, depth = 3 size = 4, depth = Epressing a Boolean Function Using AND, O, NOT ODD Parit Circuit Ingredients. AND gates. O gates. NOT gates. Wire. Instructions. tep : represent input and output signals with Boolean variables. tep 2: construct truth table to carr out computation. tep 3: derive (simplified) Boolean epression using sum-of products. tep 4: transform Boolean epression into circuit. ODD(,, z). if odd number of inputs are. otherwise. Epressing ODD Using um-of-products z ODD ''z 'z' 'z' z ''z 'z' 'z' z 6 8
5 ODD Parit Circuit Let's Make an Adder Circuit ODD(,, z). if odd number of inputs are. otherwise. Goal: = z for 4-bit integers. We build 4-bit adder: 9 inputs, 4 outputs. ame idea scales to 28-bit adder. Ke computer component. tep. epresent input and output in binar c z z c 3 c 2 c c 3 2 z z 9 2 Let's Make an Adder Circuit Let's Make an Adder Circuit Goal: = z for 4-bit integers. tep 2. (first attempt) Build truth table. c 3 2 Goal: = z for 4-bit integers. tep 2. (do one bit at a time) Build truth table for carr bit. c 3 c = c 2 c 3 2 Wh is this a bad idea? z z Build truth table for summand bit. z z 28-bit adder: rows > # electrons in universe c. 4-Bit Adder Truth Table 3 2 z z 2 8 = 52 rows Carr Bit i i c i c i ummand Bit i i c i z i 2 22
6 Let's Make an Adder Circuit Let's Make an Adder Circuit Goal: = z for 4-bit integers. tep 3. Derive (simplified) Boolean epression. c 3 c = c 2 c 3 2 Goal: = z for 4-bit integers. tep 4. Transform Boolean epression into circuit. z z Chain together -bit adders. Carr Bit ummand Bit i i c i c i MAJ i i c i z i ODD Let's Make an Adder Circuit ubtractor Goal: = z for 4-bit integers. tep 4. Transform Boolean epression into circuit. Chain together -bit adders. ubtractor circuit: z = -. One approach: new design, like adder circuit. Better idea: reuse adder circuit. 2's complement: to negate an integer, flip bits, then add carr z z 4-Bit ubtractor Interface 4-Bit ubtractor Implementation 25 26
7 TOY Arithmetic Logic Unit: Interface n = 8 for main memor 2 n -to- Multipleer ALU Interface. Add, subtract, bitwise and, bitwise or, shift left, shift right, cop. Associate 3-bit integer with 5 primar ALU operations. ALU performs operations in parallel control wires select which result ALU outputs 2 n -to- multipleer. n select inputs, 2 n data inputs, output. Copies "selected" data input bit to output. op 2, - & ^ <<, >> input 2 Input Input ALU to MUX select shift direction subtract ALU select 27 7 s s s 2 8-to- Mu Interface s 2 s s 8-to- Mu Implementation 28 TOY Arithmetic Logic Unit: Implementation Input Input ~ carr in 6.2: equential Circuits & MUX 6 ^^ op 2, - & ^ <<, >> input 2 subtract << >> shift direction 3 ALU select 29 CO 26: General Computer cience
8 equential vs. Combinational Circuits Flip-Flop Combinational circuits. Output determined solel b inputs. Flip-flop. A small and useful sequential circuit. Abstraction that "remembers" one bit. Can draw solel with left-to-right Basis of important computer components: signal paths. equential circuits. Output determined b inputs memor counter We will consider several flavors. AND previous outputs. Feedback loop Flip-Flop Flip-Flop What is the value of if: = and =? is surel What is the value of if: = and =? is surel = and =? is surel 33 34
9 Flip-Flop Flip-Flop What is the value of if: = and =? is surel = and =? is surel " What is the value of if: = and =? is surel = and =? is surel " = and =? is possibl = and =? is possibl. or possibl Flip-Flop Flip-Flop What is the value of if: = and =? is surel = and =? is surel " = and =? is possibl. or possibl Flip-Flop. =, = (et) Flips bit on. =, = (eset) Flops bit off. = = tatus quo. = = Not allowed. old flip flop While = =, remembers what it was the last time or was. Implementation Interface 37 38
10 Clock How much does it Hert? Clock. Fundamental abstraction. regular on-off pulse From some oscillating device, possibl eternal. nchronizes operations of different circuit elements. GHz clock means billion pulses per second. ccle time Frequenc is inverse of ccle time. Epressed in hertz. Frequenc of Hz means that there is ccle per second. Hence: kilohertz (khz) means ccles/sec. megahertz (MHz) means million ccles/sec. gigahertz (GHz) means billion ccles/sec. terahertz (THz) means trillion ccles/sec. B the wa, no such thing as hert Clock Heinrich udolf Hertz ( ) 39 4 Clocked Flip-Flop Clocked D Flip-Flop Clocked Flip-Flop. ame as flip-flop ecept and onl active when clock is. Implementation flip flop Clocked flip flop Interface Clocked D Flip-Flop. Output follows D input while clock is. Output is remembered while clock is. D Cl Clocked flip flop Implementation Clocked D flip flop D Interface 4 D 42
11 ummar Combinational circuits implement Boolean functions Gates and wires Fundamental building blocks. Truth tables. Describe Boolean functions. um-of-products. stematic method to implement functions. equential circuits add "state" to digital hardware. Flip-flop. epresents bit. TOY register. 6 D flip-flops. TOY main memor. 256 registers. Net time: we build a complete TOY computer (oh es). George Boole (85 864) Claude hannon (96 2) 43 44
Sequential Logic. Introduction to Computer Yung-Yu Chuang
Sequential Logic Introduction to Computer Yung-Yu Chuang with slides by Sedgewick & Wayne (introcs.cs.princeton.edu), Nisan & Schocken (www.nand2tetris.org) and Harris & Harris (DDCA) Review of Combinational
More information6.3 Sequential Circuits (plus a few Combinational)
6.3 Sequential Circuits (plus a few Combinational) Logic Gates: Fundamental Building Blocks Introduction to Computer Science Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne Copyright 2005 http://www.cs.princeton.edu/introcs
More informationFind the equivalent decimal value for the given value Other number system to decimal ( Sample)
VELAMMAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, MADURAI 65 009 Department of Information Technology Model Exam-II-Question bank PART A (Answer for all Questions) (8 X = 6) K CO Marks Find the equivalent
More informationChapter 3. Boolean Algebra and Digital Logic
Chapter 3 Boolean Algebra and Digital Logic Chapter 3 Objectives Understand the relationship between Boolean logic and digital computer circuits. Learn how to design simple logic circuits. Understand how
More informationMultiplexor (aka MUX) An example, yet VERY useful circuit!
Multiplexor (aka MUX) An example, yet VERY useful circuit! A B 0 1 Y S A B Y 0 0 x 0 0 1 x 1 1 x 0 0 1 x 1 1 S=1 S=0 Y = (S)? B:A; Y=S A+SB when S = 0: output A 1: output B 56 A 32-bit MUX Use 32 1-bit
More informationComputer Systems Architecture
Computer Systems Architecture Fundamentals Of Digital Logic 1 Our Goal Understand Fundamentals and basics Concepts How computers work at the lowest level Avoid whenever possible Complexity Implementation
More informationCS 261 Fall Mike Lam, Professor. Sequential Circuits
CS 261 Fall 2018 Mike Lam, Professor Sequential Circuits Circuits Circuits are formed by linking gates (or other circuits) together Inputs and outputs Link output of one gate to input of another Some circuits
More informationCOMP sequential logic 1 Jan. 25, 2016
OMP 273 5 - sequential logic 1 Jan. 25, 2016 Sequential ircuits All of the circuits that I have discussed up to now are combinational digital circuits. For these circuits, each output is a logical combination
More informationCS 61C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture
CS 6C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture Combinational and Sequential Logic, Boolean Algebra Instructor: Alan Christopher 7/23/24 Summer 24 -- Lecture #8 Review of Last Lecture OpenMP as simple parallel
More informationPrinciples of Computer Architecture. Appendix A: Digital Logic
A-1 Appendix A - Digital Logic Principles of Computer Architecture Miles Murdocca and Vincent Heuring Appendix A: Digital Logic A-2 Appendix A - Digital Logic Chapter Contents A.1 Introduction A.2 Combinational
More informationBCN1043. By Dr. Mritha Ramalingam. Faculty of Computer Systems & Software Engineering
BCN1043 By Dr. Mritha Ramalingam Faculty of Computer Systems & Software Engineering mritha@ump.edu.my http://ocw.ump.edu.my/ authors Dr. Mohd Nizam Mohmad Kahar (mnizam@ump.edu.my) Jamaludin Sallim (jamal@ump.edu.my)
More informationCS61C : Machine Structures
CS 6C L4 State () inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs6c/su5 CS6C : Machine Structures Lecture #4: State and FSMs Outline Waveforms State Clocks FSMs 25-7-3 Andy Carle CS 6C L4 State (2) Review (/3) (2/3): Circuit
More informationMore Digital Circuits
More Digital Circuits 1 Signals and Waveforms: Showing Time & Grouping 2 Signals and Waveforms: Circuit Delay 2 3 4 5 3 10 0 1 5 13 4 6 3 Sample Debugging Waveform 4 Type of Circuits Synchronous Digital
More informationCHAPTER 4: Logic Circuits
CHAPTER 4: Logic Circuits II. Sequential Circuits Combinational circuits o The outputs depend only on the current input values o It uses only logic gates, decoders, multiplexers, ALUs Sequential circuits
More informationCS 110 Computer Architecture. Finite State Machines, Functional Units. Instructor: Sören Schwertfeger.
CS 110 Computer Architecture Finite State Machines, Functional Units Instructor: Sören Schwertfeger http://shtech.org/courses/ca/ School of Information Science and Technology SIST ShanghaiTech University
More informationChapter Contents. Appendix A: Digital Logic. Some Definitions
A- Appendix A - Digital Logic A-2 Appendix A - Digital Logic Chapter Contents Principles of Computer Architecture Miles Murdocca and Vincent Heuring Appendix A: Digital Logic A. Introduction A.2 Combinational
More informationThe word digital implies information in computers is represented by variables that take a limited number of discrete values.
Class Overview Cover hardware operation of digital computers. First, consider the various digital components used in the organization and design. Second, go through the necessary steps to design a basic
More informationCpE358/CS381. Switching Theory and Logical Design. Class 3
Switching Theor and Logical Design Class 3 Switching Theor and Logical Design Copright 24 Stevens Institute of Technolog -85 Toda Fundamental concepts of digital sstems (Mano Chapter ) Binar codes, number
More informationThe basic logic gates are the inverter (or NOT gate), the AND gate, the OR gate and the exclusive-or gate (XOR). If you put an inverter in front of
1 The basic logic gates are the inverter (or NOT gate), the AND gate, the OR gate and the exclusive-or gate (XOR). If you put an inverter in front of the AND gate, you get the NAND gate etc. 2 One of the
More informationCS/ECE 250: Computer Architecture. Basics of Logic Design: ALU, Storage, Tristate. Benjamin Lee
CS/ECE 25: Computer Architecture Basics of Logic esign: ALU, Storage, Tristate Benjamin Lee Slides based on those from Alvin Lebeck, aniel, Andrew Hilton, Amir Roth, Gershon Kedem Homework #3 ue Mar 7,
More information1. a) For the circuit shown in figure 1.1, draw a truth table showing the output Q for all combinations of inputs A, B and C. [4] Figure 1.
[Question 1 is compulsory] 1. a) For the circuit shown in figure 1.1, draw a truth table showing the output Q for all combinations of inputs A, B and C. Figure 1.1 b) Minimize the following Boolean functions:
More informationLogic. Andrew Mark Allen March 4, 2012
Logic Andrew Mark Allen - 05370299 March 4, 2012 Abstract NAND gates and inverters were used to construct several different logic gates whose operations were investigate under various inputs. Then the
More informationAdvanced Devices. Registers Counters Multiplexers Decoders Adders. CSC258 Lecture Slides Steve Engels, 2006 Slide 1 of 20
Advanced Devices Using a combination of gates and flip-flops, we can construct more sophisticated logical devices. These devices, while more complex, are still considered fundamental to basic logic design.
More informationContents Circuits... 1
Contents Circuits... 1 Categories of Circuits... 1 Description of the operations of circuits... 2 Classification of Combinational Logic... 2 1. Adder... 3 2. Decoder:... 3 Memory Address Decoder... 5 Encoder...
More informationMODU LE DAY. Class-A, B, AB and C amplifiers - basic concepts, power, efficiency Basic concepts of Feedback and Oscillation. Day 1
DAY MODU LE TOPIC QUESTIONS Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 I Class-A, B, AB and C amplifiers - basic concepts, power, efficiency Basic concepts of Feedback and Oscillation Phase Shift Wein Bridge oscillators.
More informationUsing minterms, m-notation / decimal notation Sum = Cout = Using maxterms, M-notation Sum = Cout =
1 Review of Digital Logic Design Fundamentals Logic circuits: 1. Combinational Logic: No memory, present output depends only on the present input 2. Sequential Logic: Has memory, present output depends
More informationTHE KENYA POLYTECHNIC
THE KENYA POLYTECHNIC ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT HIGHER DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING END OF YEAR II EXAMINATIONS NOVEMBER 006 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
More informationCHAPTER 4: Logic Circuits
CHAPTER 4: Logic Circuits II. Sequential Circuits Combinational circuits o The outputs depend only on the current input values o It uses only logic gates, decoders, multiplexers, ALUs Sequential circuits
More informationLogic Design II (17.342) Spring Lecture Outline
Logic Design II (17.342) Spring 2012 Lecture Outline Class # 03 February 09, 2012 Dohn Bowden 1 Today s Lecture Registers and Counters Chapter 12 2 Course Admin 3 Administrative Admin for tonight Syllabus
More informationComputer Architecture and Organization
A-1 Appendix A - Digital Logic Computer Architecture and Organization Miles Murdocca and Vincent Heuring Appendix A Digital Logic A-2 Appendix A - Digital Logic Chapter Contents A.1 Introduction A.2 Combinational
More informationChapter 5 Sequential Circuits
Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals Chapter 5 Sequential Circuits Part 2 Sequential Circuit Design Charles Kime & Thomas Kaminski 28 Pearson Education, Inc. (Hyperlinks are active in View Show mode)
More informationCOMP12111: Fundamentals of Computer Engineering
COMP2: Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Part I Course Overview & Introduction to Logic Paul Nutter Introduction What is this course about? Computer hardware design o not electronics nothing nasty like
More informationLogic Design ( Part 3) Sequential Logic- Finite State Machines (Chapter 3)
Logic esign ( Part ) Sequential Logic- Finite State Machines (Chapter ) Based on slides McGraw-Hill Additional material 00/00/006 Lewis/Martin Additional material 008 Roth Additional material 00 Taylor
More informationTYPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
DIGITALS ELECTRONICS TYPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS Each Question carries 2 marks. Choose correct or the best alternative in the following: Q.1 The NAND gate output will be low if
More informationSpiral Content Mapping. Spiral 2 1. Learning Outcomes DATAPATH COMPONENTS. Datapath Components: Counters Adders Design Example: Crosswalk Controller
-. -. piral Content Mapping piral Theory Combinational Design equential Design ystem Level Design Implementation and Tools Project piral Performance metrics (latency vs. throughput) Boolean Algebra Canonical
More informationFirst Name Last Name November 10, 2009 CS-343 Exam 2
CS-343 Exam 2 Instructions: For multiple choice questions, circle the letter of the one best choice unless the question explicitly states that it might have multiple correct answers. There is no penalty
More informationObjectives. Combinational logics Sequential logics Finite state machine Arithmetic circuits Datapath
Objectives Combinational logics Sequential logics Finite state machine Arithmetic circuits Datapath In the previous chapters we have studied how to develop a specification from a given application, and
More information1 Hour Sample Test Papers: Sample Test Paper 1. Roll No.
6.1.2 Sample Test Papers: Sample Test Paper 1 Roll No. Institute Name: Course Code: EJ/EN/ET/EX/EV/IC/IE/IS/MU/DE/ED/ET/IU Subject: Principles of Digital Techniques Marks: 25 1 Hour 1. All questions are
More informationDigital Circuits I and II Nov. 17, 1999
Physics 623 Digital Circuits I and II Nov. 17, 1999 Digital Circuits I 1 Purpose To introduce the basic principles of digital circuitry. To understand the small signal response of various gates and circuits
More informationEE292: Fundamentals of ECE
EE292: Fundamentals of ECE Fall 2012 TTh 10:00-11:15 SEB 1242 Lecture 23 121120 http://www.ee.unlv.edu/~b1morris/ee292/ 2 Outline Review Combinatorial Logic Sequential Logic 3 Combinatorial Logic Circuits
More informationSequential logic circuits
Computer Mathematics Week 10 Sequential logic circuits College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University last week combinational digital circuits signals and busses logic gates and,
More informationLogic Design ( Part 3) Sequential Logic (Chapter 3)
o Far: Combinational Logic Logic esign ( Part ) equential Logic (Chapter ) Based on slides McGraw-Hill Additional material 24/25/26 Lewis/Martin Additional material 28 oth Additional material 2 Taylor
More informationRead-only memory (ROM) Digital logic: ALUs Sequential logic circuits. Don't cares. Bus
Digital logic: ALUs Sequential logic circuits CS207, Fall 2004 October 11, 13, and 15, 2004 1 Read-only memory (ROM) A form of memory Contents fixed when circuit is created n input lines for 2 n addressable
More informationChapter 4. Logic Design
Chapter 4 Logic Design 4.1 Introduction. In previous Chapter we studied gates and combinational circuits, which made by gates (AND, OR, NOT etc.). That can be represented by circuit diagram, truth table
More informationDepartment of CSIT. Class: B.SC Semester: II Year: 2013 Paper Title: Introduction to logics of Computer Max Marks: 30
Department of CSIT Class: B.SC Semester: II Year: 2013 Paper Title: Introduction to logics of Computer Max Marks: 30 Section A: (All 10 questions compulsory) 10X1=10 Very Short Answer Questions: Write
More informationCHAPTER 4 RESULTS & DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS & DISCUSSION 3.2 Introduction This project aims to prove that Modified Baugh-Wooley Two s Complement Signed Multiplier is one of the high speed multipliers. The schematic of the multiplier
More informationPhysics 323. Experiment # 10 - Digital Circuits
Physics 323 Experiment # 10 - Digital Circuits Purpose This is a brief introduction to digital (logic) circuits using both combinational and sequential logic. The basic building blocks will be the Transistor
More informationREPEAT EXAMINATIONS 2002
REPEAT EXAMINATIONS 2002 EE101 Digital Electronics Solutions Question 1. An engine has 4 fail-safe sensors. The engine should keep running unless any of the following conditions arise: o If sensor 2 is
More informationIntroduction to Microprocessor & Digital Logic
ME262 Introduction to Microprocessor & Digital Logic (Sequential Logic) Summer 2 Sequential Logic Definition The output(s) of a sequential circuit depends d on the current and past states of the inputs,
More informationMODULE 3. Combinational & Sequential logic
MODULE 3 Combinational & Sequential logic Combinational Logic Introduction Logic circuit may be classified into two categories. Combinational logic circuits 2. Sequential logic circuits A combinational
More informationUNIT 1: DIGITAL LOGICAL CIRCUITS What is Digital Computer? OR Explain the block diagram of digital computers.
UNIT 1: DIGITAL LOGICAL CIRCUITS What is Digital Computer? OR Explain the block diagram of digital computers. Digital computer is a digital system that performs various computational tasks. The word DIGITAL
More informationWINTER 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17320 WINTER 14 EXAMINATION Model Answer Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2)
More informationECE 263 Digital Systems, Fall 2015
ECE 263 Digital Systems, Fall 2015 REVIEW: FINALS MEMORY ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH RAM, DRAM, SRAM Design of a memory cell 1. Draw circuits and write 2 differences and 2 similarities between DRAM
More informationSequential Elements con t Synchronous Digital Systems
ecture 15 Computer Science 61C Spring 2017 February 22th, 2017 Sequential Elements con t Synchronous Digital Systems 1 Administrivia I Good news: Waitlist students: You are in! Concurrent Enrollment students:
More informationCPSC 121: Models of Computation Lab #5: Flip-Flops and Frequency Division
CPSC 121: Models of Computation Lab #5: Flip-Flops and Frequency Division Objectives In this lab, you will see two types of sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops. Latches and flip-flops can be used
More informationDev Bhoomi Institute Of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION SHEET
Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION SHEET LABORATORY MANUAL EXPERIMENT NO. 1 ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE: REV. NO. : REV. DATE :
More informationWINTER 15 EXAMINATION Model Answer
Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate
More informationExplosive growth over years - now dominates applications, still growing
Digital electronics Explosive growth over 10-20 years - now dominates applications, still growing Why? computing communications: mobile/fixed phones, radio, data links,... other: digital audio, consumer
More informationFlip Flop. S-R Flip Flop. Sequential Circuits. Block diagram. Prepared by:- Anwar Bari
Sequential Circuits The combinational circuit does not use any memory. Hence the previous state of input does not have any effect on the present state of the circuit. But sequential circuit has memory
More informationPHYSICS 5620 LAB 9 Basic Digital Circuits and Flip-Flops
PHYSICS 5620 LAB 9 Basic Digital Circuits and Flip-Flops Objective Construct a two-bit binary decoder. Study multiplexers (MUX) and demultiplexers (DEMUX). Construct an RS flip-flop from discrete gates.
More informationCOMP2611: Computer Organization. Introduction to Digital Logic
1 COMP2611: Computer Organization Sequential Logic Time 2 Till now, we have essentially ignored the issue of time. We assume digital circuits: Perform their computations instantaneously Stateless: once
More informationMAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified)
Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate
More informationTRAINING KITS ON DIGITAL ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTS. Verify Truth table for TTL IC s AND, NOT, & NAND GATES
TRAINING KITS ON DIGITAL ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTS CEE 2800 Basic Logic Gates using TTL IC's (7 in 1) To verify the truth table For TTL AND, OR. NOT, NAND,NOR, EX-OR, & EX-NOR Gates. Instrument comprises
More informationAn Introduction to Digital Logic
An Introduction to Digital Logic Other titles in Electrical and Electronic Engineering B. A. Gregory: An Introduction to Electrical Instrumentation P. and A. Lynn: An Introduction to the Analysis and Processing
More informationChapter 6. sequential logic design. This is the beginning of the second part of this course, sequential logic.
Chapter 6. sequential logic design This is the beginning of the second part of this course, sequential logic. equential logic equential circuits simple circuits with feedback latches edge-triggered flip-flops
More informationA Review of logic design
Chapter 1 A Review of logic design 1.1 Boolean Algebra Despite the complexity of modern-day digital circuits, the fundamental principles upon which they are based are surprisingly simple. Boolean Algebra
More information1. Convert the decimal number to binary, octal, and hexadecimal.
1. Convert the decimal number 435.64 to binary, octal, and hexadecimal. 2. Part A. Convert the circuit below into NAND gates. Insert or remove inverters as necessary. Part B. What is the propagation delay
More informationMC9211 Computer Organization
MC9211 Computer Organization Unit 2 : Combinational and Sequential Circuits Lesson2 : Sequential Circuits (KSB) (MCA) (2009-12/ODD) (2009-10/1 A&B) Coverage Lesson2 Outlines the formal procedures for the
More informationECE 250 / CPS 250 Computer Architecture. Basics of Logic Design ALU and Storage Elements
ECE 25 / CPS 25 Computer Architecture Basics of Logic esign ALU and Storage Elements Benjamin Lee Slides based on those from Andrew Hilton (uke), Alvy Lebeck (uke) Benjamin Lee (uke), and Amir Roth (Penn)
More informationAM AM AM AM PM PM PM
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING COURSE PLAN Course Code : CS0003 Course Title : DIGITAL COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS Semester : III Course Time : Jun 204 to
More informationCPSC 121: Models of Computation Lab #5: Flip-Flops and Frequency Division
CPSC 121: Models of Computation Lab #5: Flip-Flops and Frequency Division Objectives In this lab, we will see the sequential circuits latches and flip-flops. Latches and flip-flops can be used to build
More informationExercises. 162 CHAPTER THREE Sequential Logic Design
162 CHPTE THEE equential Logic Design Exercises Exercise 3.1 Given the input waveforms shown in Figure 3.61, sketch the output,, of an latch. Figure 3.61 Input waveforms of latch for Exercise 3.1 Exercise
More informationIntroduction to Digital Logic Missouri S&T University CPE 2210 Exam 3 Logistics
Introduction to Digital Logic Missouri S&T University CPE 2210 Exam 3 Logistics Egemen K. Çetinkaya Egemen K. Çetinkaya Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and
More informationEXPERIMENT: 1. Graphic Symbol: OR: The output of OR gate is true when one of the inputs A and B or both the inputs are true.
EXPERIMENT: 1 DATE: VERIFICATION OF BASIC LOGIC GATES AIM: To verify the truth tables of Basic Logic Gates NOT, OR, AND, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR and Ex-NOR. APPARATUS: mention the required IC numbers, Connecting
More informationME 515 Mechatronics. Introduction to Digital Electronics
ME 55 Mechatronics /5/26 ME 55 Mechatronics Digital Electronics Asanga Ratnaweera Department of Faculty of Engineering University of Peradeniya Tel: 8239 (3627) Email: asangar@pdn.ac.lk Introduction to
More informationMODULAR DIGITAL ELECTRONICS TRAINING SYSTEM
MODULAR DIGITAL ELECTRONICS TRAINING SYSTEM MDETS UCTECH's Modular Digital Electronics Training System is a modular course covering the fundamentals, concepts, theory and applications of digital electronics.
More informationDelta-Sigma ADC
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_4/chpt_13/9.html Delta-Sigma ADC One of the more advanced ADC technologies is the so-called delta-sigma, or Σ (using the proper Greek letter notation). In mathematics
More informationRegisters and Counters
Registers and Counters Clocked sequential circuit = F/Fs and combinational gates Register Group of flip-flops (share a common clock and capable of storing one bit of information) Consist of a group of
More informationChapter 1: Switching Algebra Chapter 2: Logical Levels, Timing & Delays. Introduction to latches Chapter 9: Binary Arithmetic
12.12.216 Chapter 5 Flip Flops Dr.-ng. Stefan Werner /14 Table of content Chapter 1: Switching Algebra Chapter 2: Logical Levels, Timing & Delays Chapter 3: Karnaugh-Veitch-Maps Chapter 4: Combinational
More information211: Computer Architecture Summer 2016
211: Computer Architecture Summer 2016 Liu Liu Topic: Storage Project3 Digital Logic - Digital Logic: Recap - Review: truth table => SOP => simplification - dual / complement - Minterm / Maxterm - SOP
More informationDEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
DRONACHARYA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, GREATER NOIDA Affiliated to Mahamaya Technical University, Noida Approved by AICTE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING Lab Manual for Computer Organization Lab
More informationElectrical and Telecommunications Engineering Technology_TCET3122/TC520. NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY The City University of New York
NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY The City University of New York DEPARTMENT: SUBJECT CODE AND TITLE: COURSE DESCRIPTION: REQUIRED: Electrical and Telecommunications Engineering Technology TCET 3122/TC
More informationSemester III. Subject Name: Digital Electronics. Subject Code: 09CT0301. Diploma Branches in which this subject is offered: Computer Engineering
Semester III Subject Name: Digital Electronics Subject Code: 09CT0301 Diploma Branches in which this subject is offered: Objective: The subject aims to prepare the students, To understand the basic of
More informationCS302 Digital Logic Design Solved Objective Midterm Papers For Preparation of Midterm Exam
CS302 Digital Logic Design Solved Objective Midterm Papers For Preparation of Midterm Exam MIDTERM EXAMINATION Spring 2012 Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one A SOP expression is equal to 1
More informationBachelor Level/ First Year/ Second Semester/ Science Full Marks: 60 Computer Science and Information Technology (CSc. 151) Pass Marks: 24
2065 Computer Science and Information Technology (CSc. 151) Pass Marks: 24 Time: 3 hours. Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as for as practicable. Attempt any TWO questions:
More informationNorth Shore Community College
North Shore Community College Course Number: IEL217 Section: MAL Course Name: Digital Electronics 1 Semester: Credit: 4 Hours: Three hours of Lecture, Two hours Laboratory per week Thursdays 8:00am (See
More informationMODEL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS THIRD SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION DECEMBER CS 203: Switching Theory and Logic Design. Time: 3 Hrs Marks: 100
MODEL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS THIRD SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION DECEMBER 2016 CS 203: Switching Theory and Logic Design Time: 3 Hrs Marks: 100 PART A ( Answer All Questions Each carries 3 Marks )
More informationWeek 4: Sequential Circuits
Week 4: equential ircuits omething to consider omputer specs use terms like 8 GB of AM and 2.2GHz processors. ú What do these terms mean? AM = andom Access Memory; 8GB = 8 billion ints 2.2 GHz = 2.2 billion
More informationExperiment 8 Introduction to Latches and Flip-Flops and registers
Experiment 8 Introduction to Latches and Flip-Flops and registers Introduction: The logic circuits that have been used until now were combinational logic circuits since the output of the device depends
More informationAnalogue Versus Digital [5 M]
Q.1 a. Analogue Versus Digital [5 M] There are two basic ways of representing the numerical values of the various physical quantities with which we constantly deal in our day-to-day lives. One of the ways,
More informationR13 SET - 1 '' ''' '' ' '''' Code No: RT21053
SET - 1 1. a) What are the characteristics of 2 s complement numbers? b) State the purpose of reducing the switching functions to minimal form. c) Define half adder. d) What are the basic operations in
More informationLecture 8: Sequential Logic
Lecture 8: Sequential Logic Last lecture discussed how we can use digital electronics to do combinatorial logic we designed circuits that gave an immediate output when presented with a given set of inputs
More informationPart 4: Introduction to Sequential Logic. Basic Sequential structure. Positive-edge-triggered D flip-flop. Flip-flops classified by inputs
Part 4: Introduction to Sequential Logic Basic Sequential structure There are two kinds of components in a sequential circuit: () combinational blocks (2) storage elements Combinational blocks provide
More informationSt. MARTIN S ENGINEERING COLLEGE
St. MARTIN S ENGINEERING COLLEGE Dhulapally, Kompally, Secunderabad-500014. Branch Year&Sem Subject Name : Electronics and Communication Engineering : II B. Tech I Semester : SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC
More informationChapter 3 Unit Combinational
EE 200: Digital Logic Circuit Design Dr Radwan E Abdel-Aal, COE Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals Chapter 3 Unit Combinational 5 Registers Logic and Design Counters Part Implementation Technology
More informationIntroduction to Digital Electronics
Introduction to Digital Electronics by Agner Fog, 2018-10-15. Contents 1. Number systems... 3 1.1. Decimal, binary, and hexadecimal numbers... 3 1.2. Conversion from another number system to decimal...
More informationLogicBlocks Experiment Guide a learn.sparkfun.com
LogicBlocks Experiment Guide a learn.sparkfun.com tutorial Available online at: http://sfe.io/t216 Contents Introduction 1. 2-Input AND Gate 2. 3-Input AND Gate 3. NANDs, NORs, and DeMorgan's Laws 4. Combinational
More information1. True/False Questions (10 x 1p each = 10p) (a) I forgot to write down my name and student ID number.
CprE 281: Digital Logic Midterm 2: Friday Oct 30, 2015 Student Name: Student ID Number: Lab Section: Mon 9-12(N) Mon 12-3(P) Mon 5-8(R) Tue 11-2(U) (circle one) Tue 2-5(M) Wed 8-11(J) Wed 6-9(Y) Thur 11-2(Q)
More informationCOE 202: Digital Logic Design Sequential Circuits Part 1. Dr. Ahmad Almulhem ahmadsm AT kfupm Phone: Office:
COE 202: Digital Logic Design Sequential Circuits Part 1 Dr. Ahmad Almulhem Email: ahmadsm AT kfupm Phone: 860-7554 Office: 22-324 Objectives Sequential Circuits Memory Elements Latches Flip-Flops Combinational
More informationUNIT IV. Sequential circuit
UNIT IV Sequential circuit Introduction In the previous session, we said that the output of a combinational circuit depends solely upon the input. The implication is that combinational circuits have no
More information