服務行銷專題研討. 服務業行銷 Journal of Service Research 13(1) 4 36

Transcription

1 服務行銷專題研討 APA Guide to Preparing Manuscripts for Journal Publication Being A Developmental Reviewer: Easier Said Than Done Article Review Checklist in Applied Psychology 指導教授 : 林建信教授 報告組別 : 第四組 組員 : 連世銘 D 黃建科 D 陳周誠 D 服務業行銷 Journal of Service Research 13(1) 4 36

2 APA Guide to Preparing Manuscripts for Journal Publication Overview of the Review Process Reviewers Receipt "Quick Read" Manuscript Actions 2-2

3 Characteristics of a Good Manuscript Substantive Aspects Methodological Aspects Style Final Touches 2-3

4 The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Importance and Structure Using the Publication Manual 2-4

5 Converting the Dissertation Into a Journal Article Length Selectivity Writing Style Interpretation of Data 2-5

6 Introduction Preparing and submitting manuscripts for publication and waiting for editorial decisions can be time consuming. Given the high rejection rates of APA journals, the process can also be stressful. Our major objective is to offer suggestions for preparing a manuscript to improve its chances for publication. We draw on our experiences as authors of scholarly writings, peer reviewers, and editors. We then offer some suggestions on turning a 2-6

7 Reviewers Authors and reviewers are unaware of each other's identities in most instances, an arrangement designed to make the process more impartial. Reviewers are held to demanding standards: They must (a) present a clear decision regarding publication; (b) support the recommendation with a detailed, comprehensive analysis of the quality and coherence of the study's conceptual basis, methods, results, and interpretations; and (c) offer specific, constructive suggestions to authors. Rejection must be handled firmly, but with courtesy. 2-7

8 Receipt The review process may be lengthy, but generally authors are informed of their paper's status within 60 days. The editorial assistant gives manuscripts a preliminary appraisal for content, substance, and appropriateness to the journal. Assuming that a manuscript is considered appropriate to the journal and potentially acceptable, the usual procedure is to choose two reviewers for each paper. Manuscripts and 2-8

9 "Quick Read" First, the editor scans the paper from beginning to end for obvious flaws in the research substance and writing style. If problems show on the surface, a deeper reading is likely to uncover other matters needing attention. In the initial examination of your manuscript, the editor of associate will follow these general guidelines: Read the abstract. Examine the full manuscript. Scan the paper's headings. Scan the references. Scan the tables and figures. Finish the quick read by reading a page or two from each section of the paper. 2-9

10 Manuscript Actions Rejection Rejection with encouragement to revise and resubmit. Acceptance Acceptance outright. 2-10

11 Although the standards for publication in APA journals are stringent The fact that most APA journals turn down the preponderance of submissions can seem like a bleak prospect to authors new to the field Perhaps almost a third of all rejections reflect inappropriate content. Another third are turned down because of weaknesses in either conceptualization or methodology. 2-11

12 The remaining rejections are perhaps most disappointing for the researcher the topic is appropriate, the conceptualization is adequate, the methods are appropriate, but marginal shortcomings lead the reviewers to recommend against publication, and the editors concur. But looking on the bright side, for authors in this category, the prospects that their work will be accepted are quite good, certainly far greater than the rejection rate would suggest. A significant proportion of submissions in this category show up later with additional data or 2-12

13 Characteristics of a Good Manuscript 1. inadequate literature review, which covers too much or too little 2. inappropriate citations that are irrelevant to topic 3. unclear introductory section that obscures presentation of issues 4. ambiguous research question or unclear description of the topic of investigation 5. inadequate sample description 6. inadequate description of methodology, which is not sufficiently detailed for replication 7. inadequate account of measures, with unknown instruments 8. questionable statistical analysis (e.g., lack of descriptive measures or unclear order of entry of variables in a regression analysis) 9. inappropriate statistical techniques 10. poorly crafted or conceived discussion, which is little more than repetition of results 11. discussion that goes beyond the data and offers unwarranted conclusions 12. flaws in writing style 13. excessive length 2-13

14 Substantive Aspects One feature that strongly influences a decision of acceptance or rejection is the substantive core of the paper (i.e., the research issue studied). 第一是研究問題 2-14

15 The Publication Manual (chapter I) lays out the following strategies: Present the research problem early in the manuscript. Show how the problem is grounded, shaped, and directed by theory. Connect the problem to previous work in a literature review that is pertinent and informative but not exhaustive. State explicitly the hypotheses under investigation. Keep the conclusions within the boundaries of the findings. Demonstrate how the study has helped to resolve the original problem. Identify and discuss what theoretical or practical implications can be drawn from the study. 2-15

16 Methodological Aspects The second feature on which the acceptance or rejection of a manuscript hinges is the methodology. Good methodology can be described by the "two Cs": clear and clean. 2-16

17 The author of a good manuscript describes clearly and fully a) the design or strategic plan for making the research question operational; (b) the sample and sampling method; (c) the instruments and/or materials, as appropriate, (d) the procedures for data collection; and (e) the statistical analysis. 2-17

18 In a clean study, the researcher ensures that (a) there is no confounding in the sample variables (e.g., controlling for socioeconomic status), (b) the sampling technique is appropriate, (c) the instruments and/or materials (if applicable) are reliable and valid, and (d) the statistical procedures are sophisticated enough to examine the data and are appropriately applied. 2-18

19 Style Two features stand out here. First is editorial style, the mechanics of convention laid out in the Publication Manual the final arbiter for abbreviations, preparation of tables and figures, references, and so forth. Second is writing style, the general principles of expository writing that technical writers must master. Both dimensions of style have bearing on the preparation of a research manuscript. 2-19

20 Abstract The author usually waits until the last to write this section, yet it is typically the first section the reader sees. The abstract can be difficult to write, because the author must summarize an entire document in a maximum of 120 words. it is designed to serve two important functions: First, once the article is published, it may be the only part of the study actually read by many researchers. Second, with the growth of electronic 2-20

21 Length.-manuscript typically should be no longer than 30 to 35 typed, Tables and Figures.-Good tables and figures are those that (a) are structured according to APA style, (b) are clear and stand alone with captions, and (c) supplement rather than duplicate information in the text. References. -First, because space is at a premium, be as economical as possible. Second, list the best, most current, and most relevant sources. Third, 2-21

22 Fine Details.--APA editorial style (e.g., punctuation, abbreviations, capitalization, typing)--- Authors should be sure to proofread their manuscripts carefully for typographical errors and spelling before submitting it for publication Expression of Ideas.-Sometimes the main reason for rejection of an article is that the reviewers find it barely comprehensible-- However, there are some basic guidelines that can be followed to facilitate good writing: (a) orderly expression of ideas, (b) smoothness of expression, (c) economy of expression, (d) precision and clarity in word choice, and (e) correct grammar. 2-22

23 Final Touches First, an author should be prepared to revise. A related suggestion entails a "prereview." 2-23

24 The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Importance and Structure: APA, and the publishers of the several hundred other journals that use the Publication Manual, need style guidelines to keep down the high costs of reviewing and editing and to minimize communication problems. APA, and the publishers of the several hundred other journals that use the Publication Manual, need style guidelines to keep down the high costs of reviewing and editing and to minimize 2-24

25 Using the Publication Manual 在本節中, 我們將簡要介紹每章的內容, 然後提供一些關於我們最有用的內容 Chapter 1, "Content and Organization of a Manuscript," describes a number of considerations authors should think about before beginning to write. Chapter 9, "Bibliography," gives historical background, sources cited, and an annotated list of suggested readings. 2-25

26 A series of appendices provides the following: checklist for manuscript submission checklist for transmitting accepted manuscripts for electronic production ethical standards for reporting and publishing scientific information references to legal materials (Bluebook rules) sample cover letter for submitting a manuscript

27 Converting the Dissertation Into a Journal Article Length Selectivity Writing Style 2-27

28 結論 As authors embark on the paths of research, manuscript preparation, and submission, they should prepare themselves for some very hard work and task commitment. Indeed, research and writing can be tedious, perhaps perfunctory at times, but in our experience they can also be intellectually stimulating and personally satisfying. Making theoretical breakthroughs, producing research with significant practical implications, and being cited by one's colleagues are quite rewarding. We wish all 2-28

29 心得 開使動手 ---( 一切都曾模仿開始 ) 投稿不要好高騖遠 --- 研討會是很好的練習爭取成為通訊聯絡人格式依投稿不同須注意引用期刊 ( 有些會要求引用文獻 ) 遊戲規則要熟悉 ----( 投稿期刊及領域很重要 ) 2-29

30 Being A Developmental Reviewer: Easier Said Than Done 在過去的二十五年中, 研究評論和批評的規範發生了顯著變化 現在幾乎每個人都有這樣的信息, 在審查研究時不要過分苛刻和消極 審查的正面 - 負面語氣維度與有益無益的維度不是同構的 2-30

31 發展性評論的主要內容有兩個 : (1) 幫助作者了解目前手稿的錯誤 ; (2) 幫助作者確定如何填寫手稿 大多數評論者都盡力履行其責任, 親切地指出論文的所有內容, 但我們都可以更好地為作者提供建設性的指導性建議, 以便如何撰寫論文 2-31

32 從審查開始, 全面評估論文的優缺點文章的哪些方面 ( 理論, 方法, 樣本, 數據分析, 結果, 寫作風格 ) 您發現最吸引人? 你發現哪些方面最令人擔憂? 換句話說, 幫助作者看到需要補救的問題的優先順序, 使文章可以發布 2-32

33 如果你看到一個你認為致命的障礙, 那麼當然可以向作者指出如果這是一篇有潛力的文章, 那麼推荐一些您認為可能對該文章的修訂版本感興趣的期刊 請試找出可能對作者的研究感興趣的一些小眾期刊 發現錯字不應該被視為同樣嚴重的錯誤而拒絕, 因為會因此錯過了整個相關研究 2-33

34 理論 如果你找到了論文題目的方向, 請為作者提供一些可能的替代方案, 以及你為什麼建議更合理的理由 理論部分是評論中發展最困難的部分. 我們如何才能在理論部分提供反饋方面有更多的發展? 2-34

35 如果作者在編寫假設時犯錯誤, 他們往往會出現以下三種錯誤之一 : (1) 他們有錯誤的假設 ; (2) 他們有復雜的假設 ( 一個假設中的多重獨立和因變量 ) (3) 該假設被混淆地寫入 ( 例如, 調節效應被錯誤地書寫, 因果性被不適當地暗示等 ) 在這裡, 提供關於哪些假設可以被輕易刪除的指導以及重寫假設的一個或兩個特定示例對作者是非常有價值的 2-35

36 樣本 幾乎每一個樣本都可能因為不夠大, 不夠多樣, 而且不是縱向 ( 或長時間縱向 ) 而被批評 只要告訴作者他們需要收集更多的數據並不是非常有用 ; 大多數作者可能已經提出了一個可能具有可行性的問題 因此, 評論者面臨的發展挑戰, 超出了上述觀點, 正在指導作者如何充分利用他們已有的數據或要求他們提供他們可能收集的額外數據或者可以隨時訪問 2-36

37 符合格式準則 所有人都犯了一次又一次沒有完全符合格式準則 - 我們都記得我們與編輯和評論家一直很嚴厲的回應是多麼的惱火 當然, 指出必須固定的格式細節, 但盡量避免將缺乏對格式細節的關注的屬性表示為作者懶惰, 不考慮或不尊重的行為 2-37

38 語言水平 向作者表示, 他們可能從一位以英語為母語的同事的一些編輯中受益, 這是一個有建設性的想法 我們必須承諾更耐心地與非母語英語人士合作 2-38

39 鼓勵重寫和修改他們的手稿 有時候審稿人會從自己的精心編輯中受益 有時很諷刺的是, 當評論本身包含許多錯別字和 語法錯誤時, 看到評論者批評作者草率寫作 2-39

40 結語 審查是一個被低估和未受重視的專業服務 及時, 建設性的方式進行評估比許多作者想像的要困難得多, 特別是考慮到我們這個時代的其他專業要求 成為一名優秀的評論者的一部分是按時完成評論 作為一名優秀評論者的一部分, 語調令人愉快 Just don t tell the authors the sea is rocky; them how to get the ship to shore. tell 2-40

41 心得 三折肱为良醫 不是此領域專家不要 -... 是此領域專家也不一定方法論 ( 學習心態來指引 --- 協助不是控制..) 見不得人好心態要改善.( 文獻讀得夠多...) 各執己見 - 堅持和固執.. 好像不同.. Reviewer 的職責 --- 無薪! V.S 榮譽! 2-41