1. It s so easy to forget the simple things in life, like what it feels like to swing on a swing, or to watch leaves blowing in the wind.

Transcription

1 B1L8 Poetry Made by Andy 1. It s so easy to forget the simple things in life, like what it feels like to swing on a swing, or to watch leaves blowing in the wind. it 為虛主詞, 指的即是其後的真主詞 to forget the simple things in life 文法 / 句型 It is adj. + to V = To V + is adj. = V-ing + is adj. 做 ( 某事 ) 很 It is enjoyable to play on the swings. = To play on the swings is enjoyable. = Playing on the swings is enjoyable. It is not easy to forgive others. = To forgive others is not easy. = Forgiving others is not easy. (2) like = such as 動詞 blow 作不及物用法時, 可以表示 被 ( 風 ) 吹動或吹散 的意思, 無須再使用被動 語態 例 :Several pages of my report have blown away. Her long hair was blowing in the wind. 作及物用法時, 則表示 吹動 吹走 吹倒 的意思, 可使用被動語態 例 :The wind blew down the tent. = The tent was blown down by the wind. His hat was blown off. 課文此處描寫樹葉翻飛空中, 採不及物用法, 故寫 blowing 即可 When we grow up and get so busy, it s easy to forget how much fun life can be, like how much fun it is to eat a piece of gooey pizza or to make faces in the mirror. (1) fun 不同於 funny 滑稽的 ; 好笑的 ) fun 亦可做為形容詞, 常為口語用法, 後面須接名詞, 亦有獨立使用的情形 例 :It s going to be a fun party.(fun + 名詞 ) He is really a fun person.(fun + 名詞 ) She is really fun to be with.(fun 單獨使用 ) The game looks fun.(fun 單獨使用 ) pizza 當作菜名時常為不可數用法, 平時亦可做為可數名詞 例 :Can we have pizza for dinner tonight? Mother is now making a pizza in the kitchen. It s easy to forget how wonderful it is to let our minds wander and imagine imagine perhaps what it s like to be a dinosaur, or an octopus, or even a mermaid gliding through the sea. let 是使役動詞, 之後的受詞須接著原形動詞, 故用 wander 和 imagine 及物動詞 imagine 後須接受詞, 然而因受詞為 what it s like to be... 一直到全句完, 若不斷句 實在太長, 因此以破折號解決了語氣停頓的需要, 並重複 imagine 一字好銜接後面的子句 gliding through the sea 為分詞片語做形容詞用, 修飾之前的名詞 a mermaid, 意即 a mermaid who/which glides through the sea There is a way to help us remember these joys of childhood, the fun, silly, imaginary things

2 that were once such a big part of our lives: to read children s poetry. (1) 名詞 joy 有不可數 快樂 ( 的情緒感受 ) 及可數 快樂 ( 的人事物 ) 兩種用法 例 :On hearing the news, she wept for joy.( 不可數 ) The little girl s singing was a joy to listen to.( 可數 ) the fun, silly, imaginary things... lives 為 these joys of childhood 的同位語 其中 fun 為形容詞, 修飾之後的 things play a(n) big/important part in something 在某事上扮演重要角色 例 :Friends play a big part in our lives. 文法 / 句型 The way to V + is + to V 做 ( 某事 ) 的方法就是 The way to win a girl s heart is to be gentle and considerate. The way to overcome stage fright is to practice more. feel like + N 意為 感覺像 ( 某事物 ), 若是 feel like + V-ing 則為 想要做 ( 某事 ) 例 :Falling in love made her feel like a teenage girl again. I don t feel like studying now. Can we sit down and chat? We invite you now to begin exploring for yourself the delightfulness of children s poetry. begin 之後可接 to V 或 V-ing 的用法 explore something for yourself = explore something on your own 此處的受詞為 the delightfulness of children s poetry 因為較長, 所以挪到句尾, 置於 for yourself 之後 文法 / 句型 for oneself 的常見搭配用法 (1) think for oneself 獨立思考 Parents should teach their children to think for themselves. (2) see for yourself 你自己 ( 試試 ) 看就知道 The cookies are great. Try some and see for yourself. (3) decide for yourself 自己決定 No one knows what you should do. You must decide for yourself. (4) find out for yourself 自己發現 I can t tell you what the prize is. Go and find out for yourself. The following are two selections from A Child s Garden of Verses by Robert Louis Stevenson. The following 指 接下來的, 此處為名詞的用法, 之後所接的動詞型態須由後面名詞的單 複數決定

3 文法 / 句型 1. following 做名詞的用法 the following 接下來的事物 The following is a true story retold by a reporter. The following are two puzzles for children. 2. following 做形容詞的用法 the following + N 接下來的 She was so sick that evening, but the following day she was better. The following two chapters will not be included on the test. 補充 build castles in the air 做白日夢 例 :Sam is always building castles in the air instead of being practical. Oh, I do think it the pleasantest thing/ever a child can do! ( 見第 22~23 行 ) do 為助動詞, 在肯定句中有強調意味, 近似 really 之意 補充 pleasantest = most pleasant ( 兩種比較級形態皆可 ) 副詞 ever 多用於否定句和疑問句中, 表示 曾經 之意 若用於肯定句, 則常與最高級搭配 出現, 用來強調 曾有過最 的人事物 例 :That s the biggest book I ve ever seen. It was the biggest mistake Tom had ever made. This must be the funniest and strangest thing ever seen at our school. Up in the air and over the wall,/till I can see so wide,/rivers and trees and cattle and all/over the countryside wide 此處做副詞用, 指 廣闊地 ; 廣大地 far and wide 例 :The journalist has traveled far and wide. all over + 地方 另有做為副詞片語的用法 : 廣闊地 ; 普遍地 例 :There were trash and bottles all over the park. ( = everywhere in the park) Till I look down on the garden green,/down on the roof so brown (1) look down on something 此處指 往下望見某物 但 look down on somebody/something 也有其片語意義的用法, 意指輕視某人或某物 例 :He looks down on anyone who hasn t had a college education. Up in the air I go flying again,/up in the air and down! go + V-ing 表示移動間同時進行的某動作 例 :He bumped into the vase and it went crashing to the floor. The bullet went flying over my head. On hearing the doorbell, the boy went rushing down the stairs. about = around 例 :Toys were scattered about the living room.

4 全句意為 I saw you flip the kites up in the air and blow the birds around the sky. wind, a-blowing all day long,/o wind, that sings so loud a song! a-v-ing 常出現於古語及詩文中, 表示 著 正 中 例 :The girl fell a-crying. Let s set the bell a-ringing. 如今 a- 字首的用法已被省略, 因此 a-blowing 可直接視為現在分詞 blowing (3) all day (long) = all through the day (4) that 為關係代名詞, 引導之後的形容詞子句, 先行詞即為 wind 在現代英文文法 中,that 位置應以 which 取代 文法 / 句型形容詞子句中, 關係代名詞 who/which 不可以 that 代替的時機 : 非限定用法時, 逗號之後不可用 that I know the boy who/that came with his family from Asia. ( ) I know Sato, who came with his family from Asia. ( ) I know Sato, that came with his family from Asia. ( ) 關係代名詞前有介系詞時, 不可用 that 取代 He s returning to the country which/that he came from. ( ) He s returning to the country from which he came. ( ) He s returning to the country from that he came. ( ) (5) so loud a song = such a loud song 如此響亮的一首歌 文法 / 句型 so + adj. + a/an + N = such + a/an + adj. + N 如此 的人 ( 事 物 ) have never heard so sweet a voice. = I have never heard such a sweet voice. He is so reliable a young man that we all depend on him. = He is such a reliable young man that we all depend on him. I saw the different things you did,/but always you yourself you hid. 詩句中為了顧及押韻與節奏, 會有挪動字詞位置的時候,always you yourself you hid 即為 you always hid (you) yourself. 句中的受詞 you 並無結構上的必要, 是為了節奏完整而加入的 動詞 hide 的三態為 hide, hid, hidden 藏躲 全句意為 I saw the different things that you did, but I couldn t see you, for you always hid yourself. I felt you push, I heard you call,/i could not see yourself at all push v. [T, I] 推 push somebody around 任意支使某人

5 例 :Stop pushing me around--- am not your servant! c) 關於 call 常見的用法 : v. [T, I] 喊叫;呼叫例 :Just call me by my first name, OK? We are friends, after all. v. [T, I] 打電話 n. [C] 撥打電話 give somebody a call 打電話給某人例 :Don t forget to call me (= give me a call) when you arrive at the airport. call 的常用片語 : call off 取消例 :They called off the baseball game because a typhoon is coming. call it a day/night 今天 / 今晚到此為止例 :It s six-thirty. Let s call it a day. (2) not... at all 是 一點也不 的意思 例 :I don t like the boy at all. It s not surprising at all. Actually, I expected it. 反身代名詞如 yourself 的出現時機, 應為主詞和受詞人稱相同時 例 :I told myself not to give up. You should behave yourself. 就文法而言, 此處 yourself 應為 you, 詩中選用 yourself 一字應是遷就於節奏的考量 全句意為 :I felt you push and I heard you call, but in no way could I see you! 21. O you that are so strong and cold,/o blower, are you young or old? (1) that 即為關係代名詞 who, 引導其後的形容詞子句 (2) blower 一字在英美口語中現為 電話 ; 話筒 的意思 這裡詩人借用 blow + er 的概念表達 吹者 的概念, 也就是 風 動詞 + er 常有 做該動作的人或物 之意, 例如 :teach/teacher; learn/learner; dance/dancer; sing/singer; run/runner 等 Are you a beast of field and tree,/or just a stronger child than me? (1) a beast of field and tree = an animal which belongs in the field and in the tree (2) than me 為常見的口語說法, 正式結構為 Are you a stronger child than I (am)? Vocabulary I. Words for production 1. swing v. [I, T] 擺動 ; 甩 swing n. [C] 鞦韆 ; 揮動 get into the swing of something 某事進展順利 ; 進入狀況 be in full swing 正起勁 ; 正全力進行中例 :Swinging her bag over her shoulder, she left angrily.

6 He took a swing at my head and missed. Once you get into the swing of it, acting isn t such a terrifying job. By midnight the party was in full swing and everyone was dancing. 2. blow v. [I, T] 飄揚 ; 吹動 blow n. [C] 擊打 blow down (something) 被吹倒 ; 吹倒 ( 某物 ) blow out (something) 熄掉 ; 吹熄 ( 火 ) blow up (something) 爆炸 ; 炸掉 ( 某物 ) blow bubbles/glass 吹泡泡 / 吹玻璃 ( 藝術 ) blow one s nose 擤鼻涕 blow somebody a kiss 給人一個飛吻 blow one s own horn/trumpet 自吹自擂例 :He was so angry that he gave the man a blow. Several trees were blown down in the typhoon. Now you can blow out all the candles. The rebels were trying to blow up the bridge. The little girls not only waved at us but also blew us a kiss. Carl spent the whole evening blowing his own trumpet. 3. mirror n. [C] 鏡子 look at oneself in the mirror 照鏡子 hand mirror 化粧鏡 full-length mirror 全身鏡, 穿衣鏡 rear view mirror 後照鏡 two-way mirror 雙面鏡 as smooth as a mirror 平滑如鏡的例 :When you are driving, check your rear view mirror whenever you are going to make a turn. The witness identified the suspect through a two-way mirror; the suspect could not see her. The lake is now as smooth as a mirror; it s hard to believe that a strong wind was blowing just an hour ago. 4. imagine v. [T] 想像 同 picture imaginary adj. 想像的 ; 虛構的 imaginable adj. 可想像的 imaginative adj. 富有想像力的 imagination n. [U] 想像力 image n. [C] 影像 ; 形象 beyond one s imagination 超乎某人的想像 in one s imagination 在想像中 leave something to one s imagination 將某事留給某人自己想像

7 例 :I can t imagine him being a beggar on the street. As she listened to the music, she played an imaginary piano on her knees. We have tried every imaginable way to convince him, but in vain. Look at the boy s painting! Isn t he an imaginative child? The politician s public image wasn t good, so he failed to be re-elected. What the poor boy has been through to make him so thin is beyond my imagination. There is no ghost here. It exists only in your imagination. As for how much money I won, I ll have to leave it to your imagination. 5. glide v. [I] 滑行 補充 glide 也可以指 滑翔 glider n. [C] 滑翔機 hang glider 滑翔翼例 :Eagles can glide on air currents instead of always moving their wings up and down. 6. joy n. [C, U] 喜悅的事物 ; 欣喜 同 happiness, delight, glee 反 sorrow joyful adj. 快樂的 joyless adj. 不快樂的 with/for joy 欣喜地 to one s joy 令人欣喜的是例 :Come on in. This garden is my pride and joy. Christmas is a joyful season for children everywhere. She decided not to put up with the joyless marriage anymore. She wept for joy when she heard the news. To our joy, Kevin finally got his first job after so many interviews. 7. childhood n. [U, C] 童年 child n. [C] 孩子 childlike adj. ( 孩子般 ) 天真的 childish adj. 幼稚的 childless adj. 無子女的 child abuse 虐待兒童 child support 兒女贍養費例 :Alice is the oldest child in her family; she has two younger sisters. The first time Henry saw snow, he jumped up and down with childlike glee---and he was forty years old! It was childish of you to be so rude to your guests. Peggy remained childless until she was in her thirties, and then she had twins. Child abuse is more widely reported nowadays than it used to be. Mr. Peabody gives his ex-wife money every month for child support. 補充 -hood 這個字尾 (suffix) 常加在名詞後面, 以表示某種 狀態 (state) 或 時

8 期 (period), 如下例.. childhood 童年 adulthood 成年 ( 時期 ) brotherhood 手足情誼 motherhood 母親身分 silly adj. 愚蠢的 同 foolish 反 wise, clever 9. poetry n. [U] 詩 ( 總稱 ) poet n. [C] 詩人 poem n. [C] ( 一首一首的 ) 詩 poetic adj. 詩意的 ( 或作 poetical) 例 :His taste for poetry reflects his personality. The frustrated poet finally gave up writing and left for another country. I think you used too many big words in this poem. The novelist is renowned for the poetic imagery in his works. 10. invite v. [T] 邀請 invitation n. [U, C] 邀請 ; 請帖 wedding invitation 結婚喜帖 invite somebody to dinner/for a drink 邀某人用餐 / 喝一杯 invite somebody over 邀某人來作客 receive an invitation to something 受邀參加 at the invitation of someone 應某人之邀例 :I won t go with you because I wasn t invited to the wedding. Let s invite Max over for dinner. We received an invitation to the party, but we decided not to accept it. Our principal attended that conference at the invitation of the host. 12. delightfulness n. [U] 愉悅 delight n. [U] 高興 ; 快樂 同 happiness, pleasure, joy delight v. [T] 使高興 ; 使快樂 delighted adj. 高興的 ; 快樂的 ( 指感受 ) 同 happy, pleased delightful adj. 愉快的 ; 令人喜悅的 ( 指事物 ) 同 pleasant with/in delight 愉快地 ; 高興地 take delight in something 喜愛某物 delight in something 喜愛某物例 :I am delighted that we have settled the matter. This movie is full of delightful comic moments. The kids were running and screaming in delight.

9 I can see that you take great delight in teasing your little sister. My family delight in interesting conversations. 13. selection n. [C, U] 選集 ; 精選的事物 ; 選擇 select v. [T] 挑選 同 choose, pick selective adj. 有選擇性的 ; 精挑細選的 selective memory 選擇性記憶例 :My brother has a wide selection of CD albums. It isn t easy for the people to make their selection of a new leader. This city was selected as the site for the new concert hall. People are more and more selective about what they eat nowadays. verse n. [C] 詩 ; 詩節 ;[U] 韻文 反 prose 散文 15. pleasant adj. 令人愉悅的 ; 愜意的 ( 指事物 ) 同 pleasing, delightful, enjoyable 反 unpleasant unpleasant adj. 令人不愉快的 please v. [T] 取悅 pleased adj. 高興的 ; 開心的 ( 指感受 ) pleasure n. [U] 樂趣 be hard/easy/impossible to please 難以 / 容易 / 不可能討好 take pleasure in (V-ing) something 喜歡 ( 做 ) 某事例 :It s been a very pleasant evening. Thanks for inviting me over. I have never seen such an unpleasant person. It is impossible to please everyone. Our teacher is pleased with our test results. It s my pleasure to be of help. Her French is excellent, and she takes pleasure in speaking it. 16. till prep. 直到 till the end of the world 直到世界末日 till the end of time 直到時間的盡頭例 :I wish I could be with you till the end of the world. I will love you and cherish you till the end of time. 17. wide adv. 廣闊地 ; 廣大地 wide adj. 寬的 同 broad 反 narrow width n. [U] 寬度 同 breadth wide awake/open 全然醒著 / 打開 far and wide 廣闊地 ; 普遍地 World Wide Web 全球資訊網 ( 簡稱 WWW) in width 在寬度上例 :It s midnight, but the boys in the tent are still wide awake. Someone left the door wide open. Please close it.

10 Her fame as a humanitarian spread far and wide. The blackboard is about three meters in width. 補充 high adj. 高的 height n. [U, C] 高度 long adj. 長的 length n. [U, C] 長度 19. roof n. [C] 屋頂 live under the same roof 住在同一個屋簷下 a roof over somebody s head 有個家可以遮風躲雨例 :Living under the same roof with Jeff cannot be easy, for he is the most difficult man that I ve ever met. I don t need to be rich---i just need a roof over my head. 20. toss v. [T] 投擲 ; 拋 同 throw, cast, hurl, pitch toss and turn 輾轉反側 toss/flip a coin 投擲硬幣例 :I couldn t sleep last night; I tossed and turned all night long. Let s toss a coin to see which of us can have this piece of cake. 21. beast n. [C] 野獸 beast of burden 駝獸 ( 驢 牛等用來背負重物的動物 ) Beauty and the Beast ( 著名童話 ) 美女與野獸 22. field n. [C] 原野 ; 田野 ; 場 ; 領域 work in the fields 在田裡工作 corn/wheat field 玉米田 / 麥田 oilfield ( 石油 ) 油田 magnetic field 磁場 the school sports field 學校運動場 a baseball/football field 棒球場 / 美式足球場 the field of science/medicine 科學界 / 醫學界 left/right field( 棒球 ) 左外野 / 右外野 field study/survey 實地調查 / 勘查 field trip 校外教學之旅例 :The player in the right field caught the ball. The graduate students are conducting a field study as part of their research. My class is going to take a field trip to the local museum. II. Words for recognition 3. octopus n. [C] 章魚章魚有八隻 tentacle 觸手, 是一種 mollusk 軟體動物, 同屬軟體動物的還有 oyster 牡蠣 squid 烏賊 cuttlefish 墨魚 clam 蛤蜊 abalone 鮑魚 等 補充 octo-( 亦作 oct- 或 octa-) 此字首表示數字 八, 如 octagon 是 八角形,October 十月

11 ( 註 :October 本應為 八月 之意, 後因古羅馬帝國時期凱薩大帝的曆法改革, 在原來的一 月, 也就是現在的三月 March 前另加上 January 及 February 兩個月份,October 遂變為 十月 ) 6. cattle n. [pl.] 牛 ( 群 ) beef/dairy cattle 肉 / 乳牛 Idioms and Phrases 1. make faces 扮鬼臉 補充 關於面部表情說法 : a poker face 撲克牌臉孔, 無表情的臉例 :This man has a poker face when playing cards; no wonder he always wins. poker-faced adj. 撲克牌臉孔的, 面無表情的例 :Keith is a poker-faced man; it s very hard to guess what he is thinking. keep a straight face 板著臉忍住不笑例 :I tried hard to keep a straight face when I saw his silly costume. straight-faced adj. 板著臉沒有笑容的例 :Professor Hoffman remained straight-faced when I told that joke; I guess he didn t like it. 2. all around 到處 all-around adj. 多才多藝的 ; 全盤的, 全面的例 :Sally plays several sports and is a great all-around athlete. 3. all day long 整天 all night long 整夜例 :I have to take some medicine or I ll be awake all night long coughing and sneezing. 4. not... at all 一點也不 at all 可用在否定句及疑問句中, 以加強否定或疑問的語氣 (1) 用在否定句中, 表示 全然 ( 不 ), 一點也( 不 ) not... at all = not... in the least 例 :The novel isn t interesting at all. I wonder why it is so popular. = The novel isn t interesting in the least. I wonder why it is so popular. (2) 用於疑問句中, 表示 到底, 究竟 例.. What s the use of coming to the meeting at all if you aren t prepared to express your opinions? Practice A Santa Claus is getting ready for the Christmas season. His assistant has handed him a list of requests from children all over the world. Refer to the box below and complete the list using the what it is/feels like + to V pattern. Spiderman ( 出沒於紐約大都會的 ) 蜘蛛人 white Christmas ( 因下雪而呈 ) 白色的聖誕

12 pouring rain 傾盆大雨 go sunbathing 作日光浴參考答案 ( 其他組合亦可 ) 2. what it is/feels like to get wet in the pouring rain. 3. what it is/feels like to have a white Christmas. 4. what it is/feels like to have lots of food. 5. what it is/feels like to go sunbathing on the beach. 6. Meiling in Taiwan wants to know what it is/feels like to be Santa Claus.( 可自由發揮 ) Practice B Sara and Ted have been the best friends since childhood. They like to get together and recall all the fun they had in the good old days. Complete their dialogue using the how + adj. + it is/was + to V pattern. 詞彙提示 : have snowball fights 打雪仗 keep a pet 養寵物 hamster 黃金鼠 gecko 壁虎 play a board game ( 如西洋棋或 大富翁 等的 ) 棋盤遊戲 參考答案 2. how exciting it was to have snowball fights 3. how interesting it was to keep a pet 4. how enjoyable it was to play board games 5. how hard it is to forget II. watch/see/hear/feel + O + V/V-ing 1. 常見的感官動詞 (verb of perception) 包括 see watch, look at hear listen to smell feel perceive observe notice 等 感官動詞後接受詞時, 受詞之後可接原形動詞或 V-ing 的形式 但語意有所不同, 後接原形動詞時通常指整體的動作, 後接 V-ing 時通常指正在進行的動作 相關詞彙提示如下 : put up the tent start the campfire sleeping bag 搭帳棚 睡袋 升起營火 squeak ( 老鼠等 ) 咭咭叫 turn on the flashlight 開手電筒答案 2. see butterflies flying everywhere 3. hear a waterfall singing in the distance 4. saw some people fishing by the lake 5. watched Father put up the tent and start the campfire 6. felt the sleeping bag move 7. heard something squeaking in the dark 8. saw him turn on the flashlight