Poetry. By Eleanor Farjeon
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- Lorena Neal
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2 Poetry What is poetry? Who knows? Not a rose, but the scent of a rose; Not the sky, but the light in the sky; Not the fly, but the gleam of the fly; Not the sea, but the sound of the sea; Not myself, but what makes me See, hear, and feel something that prose Cannot: and what it is, who knows? By Eleanor Farjeon
3 Reading for Meaning To find meaning in a poem, readers ask questions as they read. There are many things to pay attention to when reading a poem: Title Provides clues about topic, mood, speaker, author s purpose? Rhythm Fast or slow? Why? Sound Devices What effects do they have? Imagery What pictures do we make in our minds? Figures of Speech What do they tell us about the subject? Voice Who is speaking - poet or character; one voice or more? Author s Purpose Sending message, sharing feelings, telling story, being funny, being descriptive? Mood Happy, sad, angry, thoughtful, silly, excited, frightened? Plot What is happening in the poem? Remember, to make meaning, readers must make connections and tap into their background knowledge and prior experiences as they read.
4 Repetition of initial consonant sounds A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art A song-like poem that tells a story Poetry written in unrhymed, ten-syllable lines Poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern or meter A word or phrase that appeals to one or more of the five senses Highly musical verse that expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker A figure of speech in which something is described as though it were something else A regularly repeated line or group of lines in a poem The use, more than once, of any element of language Repetition of sounds at the end of words A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem The feeling created in the reader by a literary work A story told in verse The use of words that imitate sounds A non-human subject is given human characteristics Word choice that both conveys and emphasizes the meaning or theme of a poem through distinctions in sound, look, rhythm, syllable, letters, and definition Pattern of beats or stresses in spoken or written language Uses like or as to make a direct comparison between two unlike ideas A formal division of lines in a poem considered as a unit
5 Humor Rhythm Meter Iambs Trochees Spondees Dactyls Anapests Monometer Dimeter Trimeter Tetrameter Pentameter Hexameter Rhyming Patterns Lines Stanzas Voice Author s Purpose
6 Alliteration: Repetition of initial consonant sounds Allusion: A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art Ballad: A song-like poem that tells a story Blank Verse: Poetry written in unrhymed, ten-syllable lines Free Verse: Poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern or meter Image: A word or phrase that appeals to one or more of the five senses Lyric Poem: Highly musical verse that expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker Metaphor: A figure of speech in which something is described as though it were something else Refrain: A regularly repeated line or group of lines in a poem Repetition: The use, more than once, of any element of language Rhyme: Repetition of sounds at the end of words
7 Rhyme Scheme: A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem Mood: The feeling created in the reader by a literary work Narrative Poem: A story told in verse Onomatopoeia: The use of words that imitate sounds Personification: A type of figurative language in which a non-human subject is given human characteristics Diction Word choice that both conveys and emphasizes the meaning or theme of a poem through distinctions in sound, look, rhythm, syllable, letters, and definition Rhythm: Pattern of beats or stresses in spoken or written language Simile: A figure of speech that uses like or as to make a direct comparison between two unlike ideas Stanza: A formal division of lines in a poem considered as a unit
8 Humor Humor in poetry can arise from a number of sources Exaggeration Combining unrelated things Parody Rhythm Strong Regular Repeated pattern of movement or sound The rhythm in this poem is fast to match the speed of the stick striking the fence. Rhythm Example: The Pickety Fence by David McCord The pickety fence The pickety fence Give it a lick it's The pickety fence Give it a lick it's A clickety fence Give it a lick it's a lickety fence Give it a lick Give it a lick Give it a lick With a rickety stick pickety pickety pickety pick.
9 Meter Combination of: Rhythmic Pattern Iambs (unstressed-stressed) (^/) ^ / ^ / ^ / ^ / ^ / ^ / ^ / The falling out of faithful friends, renewing is of love Trochees (stressed-unstressed) (/^) / ^ / ^ / ^ / ^ Double, double toil and trouble Anapest (unstressed-unstressed-stressed) (^^/) ^ ^ / ^ ^ / ^ ^ / I am monarch of all I survey Spondees (stressed-stressed) Dactyls (stressed-unstressed-unstressed) (/ ^^) Poetic Foot Monometer (one foot) Dimeter (two feet) Trimeter (three feet) Tetrameter (four feet) Pentameter (five feet) Hexameter (six feet)
10 foot - a measuring unit in poetry made up of stressed and unstressed syllables The combination of feet creates meter in poetry. Therefore, a foot is the unit of the meter. Iamb: Combination of unstressed and stressed syllable (dadum) Trochee: Combination of stressed and unstressed syllables (DUMda) Spondee: Combination of two stressed syllables (DUMDUM) Anapest: Combination of two unstressed and a stressed syllable (dadadum) Dactyl: Combination of stressed and two unstressed syllables (DUMdada) Or a combination of these! two types of meter - rising meter and falling meter Each type of meter uses a different type of foot. As the rising meters go from unstressed syllables to stressed ones, they mainly use iamb and anapest feet. If the falling meters go from stressed syllables to unstressed ones, they mostly use trochee and dactyl feet.
11 Mood - Barefoot Days In the morning, very early, That s the time I love to go Barefoot where the fern grows curly And grass is cool between each toe, On a summer morning-o! On a summer morning! That is when the birds go by Up the sunny slopes of air, And each rose has a butterfly Or a golden bee to wear; And I am glad in every toe Such a summer morning-o! Such a summer morning! Barefoot Days by Rachel Field Mood - Mad Song I shut my door To keep you out Won t do no good To stand and shout Won t listen to A thing you say Just time you took Yourself away I lock my door To keep me here Until I m sure You disappear. By Myra Cohn Livingston Mood - Poem I loved my friend. He went away from me. There s nothing more to say. The poem ends, Soft as it began I loved my friend: By Langston Hughes The mood in this poem is happy. What clues in the poem can you use to determine the mood? The mood in this poem is angry. What clues in the poem can you use to determine the mood? The mood in this poem is sad. What clues in the poem can you use to determine the mood?
12 Rhyming Patterns Poets can choose from a variety of different rhyming patterns. AABB lines 1 & 2 rhyme and lines 3 & 4 rhyme First Snow Snow makes whiteness where it falls. The bushes look like popcorn balls. And places where I always play, Look like somewhere else today. By Marie Louise Allen ABBA lines 1 & 4 rhyme and lines 2 & 3 rhyme From Bliss Let me fetch sticks, Let me fetch stones, Throw me your bones, Teach me your tricks. AABAB lines 1, 2 & 4 rhyme and lines 3 & 5 rhyme By Eleanor Farjeon Oodles of Noodles I love noodles. Give me oodles. Make a mound up to the sun. Noodles are my favorite foodles. I eat noodles by the ton. By Lucia and James L. Hymes, Jr. ABCB lines 2 & 4 rhyme and lines 1 & 3 do not The Alligator The alligator chased his tail Which hit him in the snout; He nibbled, gobbled, swallowed it, And turned right inside-out. by Mary Macdonald
13 Stanza group of lines separate ideas act like paragraphs. Lines and Stanzas Voice Speaker Poet as speaker Human character in poem as speaker Object or animal as speaker More than one speaker March A blue day A blue jay And a good beginning. One crow, Melting snow Author s Purpose Share feelings (joy, sadness, anger, fear, loneliness) Tell a story Send a message (theme - something to think about) Be humorous Provide description* (e.g., person, object, concept) Spring s winning! By Eleanor Farjeon
14 In this poem, the poet speaks of her feelings about the power of the wind.
15 1. Find a song you like (school appropriate lyrics). 2. Record the meter and rhyming scheme. 3. Find and record all figurative language in the song, interpret, and record the literal (denotative) meaning of each. 4. Demonstrate this identification and understanding creatively throughout your video (background music with you in the video holding up signs, etc.). 5. Upload video to Google Classroom and present your video to the class. 6. In Paragraph form, describe the author s craft, the theme, and how the use of figurative language enhances the meaning and theme of the song. 7. Type your paragraph and submit in Google Classroom. 8. Due Friday, March 22 nd.
16 Name(s): Due: Friday, March 22 nd YOU MUST HAND IN YOUR RUBRIC WITH YOUR FINAL PROJECT! Score:
17 Parody A parody (also called send-up or spoof), created to mock, comment on, or poke fun at an original work, its subject, or author, or some other target, by means of humorous, satiric or ironic imitation. For parody to work, the audience must understand the source material being parodied Shrek
18 Parody Poems: Borrowing a Famous Poem's Rhythm to Write an Original chose a poet and a famous poem divide a piece of scratch paper into two columns on one side, write the original poem underline the rhyming words count the feet count the stressed and unstressed syllables Emily Dickinson's "Because I Could Not Stop for Death Original First Two Stanzas: Parody First Two Stanzas: Because I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality. We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too, For his civility. Because I could not fix my Ford, I bought a Subaru. My Pinto leaked just too much oil And braking fluid too. Everywhere my Pinto drove, Emitting blackened fumes, It choked dogs, old ladies too, And fragrant springtime blooms.
19 1. Casey at the Bat by Ernest Lawrence Thayer 2. Tan by Malathi Michelle Iyengar 3. The Corn-Stalk Fiddle by Paul Laurence Dunbar 4. Since Hanna Moved Away, by Judith Viorst 5. Drum Dream Girl by Margarita Engle 6. My Chinatown by Kam Mak 7. Friends by Abbie Farwell Brown 8. Reading by Jacqueline Woodson 9. The Tyger by William Blake 10. Knoxville, Tennessee by Nikki Giovanni 11. Maggie and Milly and Molly and May by e.e. cummings 12. How to Paint a Donkey by Naomi Shihab Nye 13. The Purple Cow by Gelett Burgess 14. Val by Gwendolyn Brooks 15. The Dream of Shoji by Kimiko Hahn 16. Poor Old Lady by Anonymous 17. After the Winter by Claude McKay 18. Rathers by Mary Hunter Austin 19. Homework! Oh, Homework! by Jack Prelutsky 20. The Eloquent Young Elephant by Sheree Fitch 21. Where the Sidewalk Ends by Shel Silverstein 22. Moon Festival by Marilyn Singer 23. Unexpected Holiday by Alma Flor Ada
20 Poem: Plot: Rhythmic Pattern: Meter: Rhyming Patterns: Lines: Stanzas: Voice: Author s Purpose: Poetic Device: Example: Poetic Device: Example: Poetic Device: Example: Poetic Device: Example: Poetic Device: Example:
21 Original 1 st two Stanzas Parody 1 st two Stanzas
22 A haiku in a three line poem that does not rhyme. They are usually light in tone, and relate to something pleasing in nature, especially the seasons. Structure Line 1- five syllables Line 2- seven syllables Line 3- five syllables
23 What is a Tanka Poem? A tanka poem is a Japanese poem which can also be known as a waka or uta. A tanka poem is similar to a haiku but has two additional lines. What is the Structure of a Tanka Poem? A tanka consists of 5 lines and 31 syllables. Each line has a set number of syllables see below: Line 1 5 syllables Line 2 7 syllables Line 3 5 syllables Line 4 7 syllables Line 5 7 syllables An Example of a Tanka Poem< (5) I love my kitten. (7) She is so little and cute. (5) She has a pink tongue, (7) And lots of long whiskers too. (7) She purrs when I stroke her back.
24 These poems take on a form that relates directly to the topic of the poem. It is often easier to write the words by themselves first, and then form it into the desired shape. This becomes Trees come from seeds. Birds can live in them. I can decorate them for Christmas. They give us air to breathe. They give us wood for fires. Thank you!!!
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28 Couplets follow the simplest rhyme pattern. They consist of two lines that rhyme with one another. Couplets can be strung together to form a longer poem.
29 Heart The human heart keeps blood pumping, but drinks like beer, make it go bump, bump, bumping. by: Caulin, class of I love math, but I lost it in the bath. by: Kajal, class of The star has a shine. It looks very fine. by: Leah, class of 03-04
30 In the soft spring winds Yellow chicks learn to waddle The first day of spring Morgan (1 st ) & Natalie (5 th ) In the cold winter A polar bear runs in snow And does not get cold Lindsay (1 st ) & Shannon (5 th ) I love winter lots Because it is oh, so cold And the trees are bare Jove (1 st ) & Jessica(5 th )
31 Limerick A limerick is a funny poem of 5 lines. Lines 1, 2 & 5 rhyme. Lines 3 & 4 are shorter and rhyme. Line 5 refers to line 1. Limericks are a kind of nonsense poem. There Seems to Be a Problem I really don t know about Jim. When he comes to our farm for a swim, The fish as a rule, jump out of the pool. Is there something the matter with him? By John Ciardi
32 Quatrains are four-line poems that follow any of four different rhyming patterns: AABB, ABAB, ABBA, or ABCB
33 AABB The backpack was a major disaster. Its papers kept coming ever faster. One fateful day it started to swell And under its weight the owner fell. by: LJL ABAB On one dark and wintry day When it was very cold, Down flew a screaming jay Squawking in a voice so bold. -Poetry Party by Linda Spellman ABBA A more humiliating thing she never faced. Falling flat on her face was not in the plan. She probably lost her number one fan Just because her shoe wasn t laced. by: LJL ABCB The rushing ocean waves Beat harshly on the sand. They roar and crash and foam As they break upon the land. -Poetry Party by Linda Spellman
34 Gertrude Jean Hinkelflink Lived her life at the rink. She thought that she did well Every time she slipped and fell. by: LJL Billy Ruffy Is not a toughie. He refuses to fight Cause he knows it s not right. From: Poetry Writing Handbook Chloe Mills lived for thrills. She jumped into a tiger cage and pretended that it was her stage. by: LJL
35 Traditional Structure Line 1- two syllables (title) Line 2- four syllables (describe the title) Line 3- six syllables (showing action) Line 4- eight syllables (a feeling or observation about the topic) Line 5- two syllables (refer back to the title) Alternative Structure Line 1- one word (title) Line 2- two words (describe the title) Line 3- three words (showing action) Line 4- four words (a feeling or observation about the topic) Line 5- one word (refer back to the title)
36 Mountain Isolated Snow-capped and cloud-touching White against shining, azure sky High peak -Poetry Party by Linda Spellman Kittens Frisky, playful Mewing, jumping, bouncing Creep silently on padded paws Mischief -Poetry Party by Linda Spellman Chocolate Rich, creamy brown Eaten for enjoyment Nature s answer to sweet goodness Divine! -LJL
37 Hamsters Furry Creatures Twitching little noses, Loving, cozy, fluffy cotton Cuddly -From Writing Poetry With Children Books Treasures Waiting Exciting, breathtaking, powerful An adventure is waiting Enter -LJL Owl Swift, ferocious Watches for food Soaring through the night Sleepy -From Writing Poetry With Children
38 This poem, invented by Gee Kaye, is made up of 6 related couplets that tell a story.
39 That s My Hair My hair is high and curly It s wavy and it s swirly I wash it and I squeeze it I mousse it and I tease it It s long and short and fluffy-poo It s thick and rich and bleached so true If I have a bad hair day I glue it stiff with clouds of spray It takes a lot of loving care To tease and train humongous hair! Brains and soul may tell a story But gorgeous hair is a clowning glory! From: Poetry Writing Handbook; poem by G.B. Lipson Man s Best Friend? The new dog arrived just in time to dine On the shoes that were favorites of mine Still he was kind of cute and all Until he knocked me down in the hall He was very eager to learn new tricks His favorite one was to go fetch sticks The other day he fetched someone s cane, so I went to the pet store to complain They wouldn t consider taking him back and suggested I start trying another tack After days and days of playing the fool we re on our way to obedience school! by: LJL
40 Senryu A senryu follows same pattern as haiku. Written in 3 unrhymed lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables, with total of 17 syllables. Is about human nature, rather than natural world. First day, new school year, backpack harbors a fossil last June s cheese sandwich. By Cristine O Connell George
41 line 1- one noun (subject 1) line 2- two adjectives (describing subject # 1) line 3- three participles (ending in ing, telling about subject 1) line 4- four nouns (the first two related to subject 1, the second related to subject two) line 5- three participles (about subject 2) line 6- two adjectives (describing subject # 2) line 7- one noun (subject 2- usually opposite of #1)
42 Day Sunny, hot Warming, shining, working Morning, fresh, evening, end Cooling, darkening, relaxing Dark, windy Night
43 Alliteration is the repetition of the beginning sound in two or more words that are next to one another. by: LJL The lovely librarian lazed by the lake longingly looking at letters. Alliteration is not a poetry form, but it is a poetic device. Try it when writing couplets, hexaduads, quatrains, etc.
44 Example: sky so blue many clouds above the earth now
45 1 -- one syllable line 2 -- two syllables line 3 -- three syllables line 4 -- four syllables line 5 -- one syllable
46 line 1 -- one article (a, an, the) + one noun line 2 -- one adjective + one conjunction + one adjective line 3 -- one verb + one conjunction + one verb line 4 -- one adverb line 5 -- one noun (relating to the noun in the first line)
47 Example: The cliff, sharp and rocky, juts and looms above. Wall.
48 step 1 -- the topic or main idea (usually one word) step 2 -- three adjectives describing the topic step 3 -- a place or time connected with the topic step 4 -- a summarization of the topic or a phrase that means the same as the topic
49 Example: Winter snow, cold, ice all dressed in white January
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51 Free Verse A free verse poem does not use rhyme or patterns. Can vary freely in length of lines, stanzas, and subject. Revenge When I find out who took the last cooky out of the jar and left me a bunch of stale old messy crumbs, I'm going to take me a handful and crumb up someone's bed. By Myra Cohn Livingston
52 Nonsense Poems A nonsense poem is a humorous poem with silly characters and actions. It is meant to be fun. Can be written as a limerick or as another form of poetry. A Princess Laments I kissed a frog because I d heard That it would turn into a prince. That s not exactly what occurred, And I ve been croaking ever since. by Jack Prelutsky
53 Word Play Some poets use a special kind of word play by making up words or misspelling them on purpose. The Walrus The pounding spatter Of salty sea Makes the walrus Walrusty. By Douglas Florian
54 Acrostic poems start with the subject written up and down on the page. C A N D Y Each beginning letter is then used to write a word or phrase that describes the subject. Chocolate treats All too tempting Need to show control Don t think I can resist Yum! by: LJL
55 A good way to start might be with an acrostic poem of your name. Loves to read (especially mysteries) Often procrastinates Illinois native Silly sometimes Likes giraffes Alum of ISU & NAU Likes to do paper crafts Lifelong learner Enjoys time with friends & family Yellow lover Kids are her friends Also big people Resides in Arizona Enjoys eating chocolate New York state of mind Knows how to laugh Night owl Improviser of acrostic name poems Goofy over her son HBO fanatic Twix lover
56 Alphabet poetry, invented by Paul West, starts with a broad topic like sports, school, animals, geography, math, fashion, etc. The poem consists of words that fit the topiceach starting with a different letter of the alphabet Words are spaced on the page to give the appearance of a poem.
57 Announcements, bulletins, coupons, diaries, envelopes, file folders, greeting cards, homework, invitations, job applications, Kleenex, labels, memos, napkins, opera programs, papyrus, quilling, receipts, scrap, tissue, unique, vellum, wrapping, Xerox, yellowed, zoo tickets Accessories, buttons, caps, denims, epaulets, feathers, grunge, hemlines, inseams, jeans, knickers, Levi s, mittens, nightgowns, overalls, pajamas, quilted, raglan, scarf, topcoat, underwear, vest, windbreaker, Xtraordinary, yokes, zipper From: Poetry Writing Handbook
The Pickety Fence by David McCord Where Are You Now? The rhythm in this poem is slow to match the night gently falling and the
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