Unit 2 Interactive Review. Selection Summaries. Comprehension Skills Review. Name. Week 4 Good-bye to the Moon. Week 1 The Universe.

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1 Unit 2 Interactive Review Selection Summaries Week 1 The Universe Powerful telescopes and new technologies have allowed scientists to explore our vast universe. Week 4 Good-bye to the Moon Kepler Masterman ventures from his home on the moon to explore the strange but exciting planet Earth. Week 2 The Emperor s Silent Army Thirty years ago, well diggers in northern China made an unexpected discovery: 2,000-year-old terra cotta soldiers, belonging to the first emperor of China. Week 3 Stones, Bones, and Petroglyphs A group of students takes a field trip to Crow Canyon, Colorado, for an archaeological study of the ancient Pueblo people. Comprehension Skills Review In Unit 2, you learned and used many skills while reading the stories and selections. The main idea is the most important idea about a topic, and the details are pieces of information that support the main idea. Graphic sources, including charts, graphs, and time lines, show information visually. To compare and contrast is to tell how two or more things are alike and different. Week 5 Egypt The fascinating history and traditions of ancient Egypt, including the pyramids and hieroglyphics, are explored. Activity Tell a family member why you think it is important to explore distant galaxies and civilizations of the past. Be sure to use examples from the selections you read this week. Activity Ask a family member to compare and contrast two activities that he or she likes to do. Record this information visually in a graphic organizer. Then, use the information in the graphic organizer to write a paragraph including the main idea and at least three supporting details. Family Times DVD 107

2 Unit Vocabulary Skills Unit Spelling Rules Greek and Latin Roots Greek and Latin roots are basic, original parts of words. A word s root can be used to determine the word s meaning. Activity With a family member, brainstorm words with the roots astr meaning star and micro meaning small. Suffixes -ful, -ly, -al A suffix is a word part added to the end of a word. A suffix changes a word s meaning. It may also change the word s part of speech. Activity With a family member, take turns adding different suffixes to the same word. Repeat with four or five different words. Unknown Words Look up an unknown word s meaning in a dictionary or glossary. Activity Skim and scan a book you have not read for any words you do not recognize. Ask a family member to help you determine the words meanings. Unfamiliar Words When you come across an unfamiliar word, try using context clues to figure out the meaning of the word. Activity Read a newspaper or magazine article, and circle unfamiliar words as you read. Then, with a family member, look for context clues to help you determine the meanings of the words you circled. Multisyllabic Words Dividing a multisyllabic word into syllables and spelling each word part separately makes the complete word easier to spell. Latin Roots Many English words have Latin roots. You can identify the roots to help spell and understand the meanings of these words. Final Syllable Patterns The final syllables of two words may sound the same, but they can be spelled differently. Escalator and encounter are examples. Their final syllables, or and er, sound the same. Schwa The schwa sound in unaccented syllables can be spelled in different ways, such as the first syllable in adept and the second syllable in harmony. Any vowel can stand for the schwa sound. Suffixes -ian, -ant, -ent, -ist Adding the suffixes -ian, -ant, -ent, or -ist often creates words that refer to people, such as music + -ian = musician. DVD 108 Family Times

3 Unit 2 Week 1 Interactive Review Main Idea and Details The main idea is the most important idea about a topic. The topic is what the selection or passage is about. Details are pieces of information that explain or support the main idea. Main Idea My friend Maria has a special cat named Snowflake. Detail 1 Unlike most cats, Snowflake likes to play in the snow. Detail 2 Her fur is soft, white, and fluffy, like freshly fallen snow! Detail 3 I think Snowflake is as unique as a real snowflake. Practice Some paragraphs are organized with a main idea and supporting details. Imagine the information in the graphic organizer will be used to write a paragraph. Use the graphic organizer to answer the following questions. 1. In a few words, what is the topic of the paragraph? Snowflake the cat 2. Write one more detail to support the main idea. Possible answers given for 2 4. Snowflake is an appropriate name for Maria s cat. 3. Use the three details in the organizer to write the main idea in a slightly different way. I know a special cat named Snowflake. 4. Would the following detail sentence belong in the paragraph? Explain why or why not. Snowflake drinks warm milk for breakfast every morning. No, because drinking milk does not make Snowflake unique or special. On Your Own Identify the main idea and details in individual paragraphs as you read Space Tourism to help you understand the passage. Home Activity Your child reviewed using the skill main idea and details. Read a favorite nonfiction book with your child. Have your child identify the main idea and details of various paragraphs as you read the book. Comprehension DVD 109

4 Unit 32 Week 1 Interactive Review Greek and Latin Roots Greek and Latin roots are basic, original word parts derived from Greek or Latin. They are found in many English words and can be used to read and understand unfamiliar words. spectacles spectators inspect Which Latin root do the words share? What does the root mean? Words to Know astronomers collapse collide compact galaxy particles spect; look Practice Use your student glossary or dictionary to look up the Greek or Latin root and the root s meaning for each of the Words to Know. Then read the following sentences and fill in each blank with one of the Words to Know. astronomers 1. The aimed the telescope at stars in a far away. 2. Small black holes are formed when stars. 3. One of the reasons light does not escape from a black hole is that the in a black hole are packed extremely close together. 4. The planet Earth is more than the planet Saturn, which means it has a higher density and its particles compact collide collapse more frequently. galaxy particles On Your Own As you read Space Tourism, look for words with Greek or Latin roots. Home Activity Your child reviewed words with Greek and Latin roots. Read a newspaper article with your child and underline the words with Greek and Latin roots. Help your child identify the meanings of the roots. Use the roots to determine the meanings of any unknown words. DVD 110 Vocabulary

5 Unit 2 Week 2 Interactive Review Main Idea and Details The main idea is the most important idea about the topic. The topic is what the selection or passage is about. Details are pieces of information that explain or support the main idea. Sometimes a main idea is a generalization, or a broad statement or rule that applies to many examples. The details are more specific statements that support the generalization. Practice Look at the illustrations. Answer the questions. 1. If each of the illustrations were a supporting detail in a paragraph, what would be the main idea of the paragraph? Cats enjoy many activities. 2. Is your main idea a generalization? Explain why or why not. Possible answers given for 1 3. Yes, because it is a broad statement that applies to each of the supporting details 3. Use the illustrations to write three detail sentences that support your main idea. Cats enjoy playing with balls of yarn. Cats sometimes like to climb trees. Cats enjoy cuddling in their owners laps. On Your Own Identify the main idea and details as you read Space Tourism to help you understand the selection. Home Activity Your child reviewed using the skill main idea and details. Look at a painting or illustration with your child. Write a main idea and supporting details to describe the image. Comprehension DVD 111

6 Unit 32 Week 12 Interactive Review Suffixes -ful, -ly, -al A suffix is a word part added to the end of a word to change its meaning or the way it is used in a sentence. The suffix -ful means full of ; the suffix -ly is added to adjectives to make adverbs and some nouns to make adjectives; the suffix -al means pertaining to or having characteristics of. Practice Read the following sentences. Fill in the blanks with one of the Words to Know. terra cotta 1. When the pot smashed on the floor, the girl gathered the pieces so she could attempt to restore it. superstitious pottery 2. She was about breaking things, and she was determined to fix the piece of to avoid having bad luck. Words to Know approximately divine excavated mechanical pottery restore superstitious terra cotta watchfully 3. The pot belonged to her teacher and was especially ominous with its symbol of the divine excavated mechanical approximately spirit painted on with glaze. 4. Supposedly, it had been from a religious site where crossbows once guarded the entrance. 5. There were seventeen pieces to glue back together, so the girl didn t waste any time. watchfully 6. After finishing her work, she stood in the classroom doorway for a moment to make sure she was alone. Then she placed the pot back on the shelf. On Your Own As you read Space Tourism, look for words with suffixes. Use the suffixes to help you understand unfamiliar words. Home Activity Your child practiced using words with suffixes. With your child, brainstorm a list of suffixes. Then write at least three words containing each suffix. DVD 112 Vocabulary

7 Unit 2 Week 3 Interactive Review Graphic Sources Graphic sources, such as charts, diagrams, and time lines, show information visually. Information in a graphic source can strengthen your understanding of the text. Elevation (in feet) Start Mile 3 Mile 5 Mile 9 Mile 11 Mile 13.1 Mile 16 Mile 19 Mile 22 Mile 24 Finish A marathon is a long-distance race. This graph shows the elevation at each point along the Austin, Texas, marathon course. Practice Look at the elevation graph. Use the graph to answer the questions. Possible answers given for 3 5. a little more than 26.2 miles 1. About how long is the race? 2. For about how many miles does the race go uphill before it goes downhill? about three-and-a-half miles 3. Where would you be likely to see this graph? on the Web site for the race 4. Why would the information in this graph be important to runners? Hills are difficult for runners. If a runner didn t have time to see the course before running it, this map would tell him or her what to expect. 5. Where else have you seen maps like this one? In a geography book; next to relief maps; maps of hiking trails On Your Own Use the graphic source/diagram as you read Space Tourism to help you understand and clarify information. Home Activity Your child reviewed graphic sources. With your child, study a map at the beginning of a book. Discuss how the map relates and adds to the information in the book. Discuss the author s purpose for including the map. Comprehension DVD 113

8 Unit 32 Week 13 Interactive Review Unknown Words An unknown word is a word that you do not understand. A dictionary or glossary can be useful to determine the meanings of unknown words. Words to Know alcoves decades obsidian prehistoric pueblo trowels Practice Read the following sentences. Fill in the blanks with one of the Words to Know. Use your glossary or dictionary as needed. prehistoric decades 1. The average life expectancy in a North American was fewer than four. pueblo 2. Can you imagine digging a hole to build a pithouse without shovels or even small trowels? obsidian 3. Artifacts, such as a sharply filed stone known as, give archaeologists clues to understanding ancient civilizations. alcoves 4. The ancient Pueblo people may have chosen to live high in the of cliffs for protection against their enemies. On Your Own As you read Space Tourism, look for words you don t understand. Use a dictionary or a glossary to look up the definitions of these words. Home Activity Your child reviewed unknown words. With your child, read a magazine article and have your child mark any unknown words. Look up the words in a dictionary. Then reread the sentences in the article that contain the unknown words. DVD 114 Vocabulary

9 Unit 2 Week 4 Interactive Review Compare and Contrast To compare is to tell how two or more things are similar. To contrast is to tell how two or more things are different. Clue words such as like, similarly, and as show similarities. Clue words such as however and instead show differences. Earth ¾ of surface covered with water; crust divided into separate plates; one day is 24 hours; surface gravity: 9.80 size; density Venus no water; massive lava flows; heavy, toxic atmosphere; one day is equal to 243 Earth days; surface gravity: 8.87 Practice Use the Venn diagram to answer the questions. 1. What two things are being compared in this diagram? Earth and Venus 2. How are they similar? Earth and Venus are about the same size and density. 3. Name two ways they are different. The surface of Earth is ¾ water and is divided into separate plates. The surface of Venus is extremely dry and prone to massive lava flows. 4. Why do you think Earth and Venus are called sister planets? Do you think it is an appropriate name? On the outside, Earth and Venus seem similar. However, they are more different than alike, so it is not an appropriate name. On Your Own As you read The Grand Lunar Hotel, compare and contrast the family of the future with families you know today. Home Activity Your child reviewed comparing and contrasting. With your child, read two fiction or nonfiction books. Compare and contrast the two sources, recording the similarities and differences in a Venn diagram. Comprehension DVD 115

10 Unit 32 Week 14 Interactive Review Unfamiliar Words Use context clues to help you figure out unfamiliar words. Context clues are the words and sentences around the unfamiliar words. Words to Know combustion dingy negotiate traversed waft waning Practice Read the following sentences. Fill in the blanks with one of the Words to Know. Use context clues to help you. 1. As we prepared for lift-off, a strong of fuel filled my nostrils. combustion 2. The spacecraft s engines roared as we the dark, empty space between Earth and its moon. dingy 3. Despite the glass of the window, I was awestruck by my first view of Earth from outer space. waning waft 4. My fear, I gathered enough courage to unbuckle my seatbelt and float around the cabin. 5. I decided that the trip was already worth the trouble I had gone through to the contracts with the corporate sponsors that had funded the trip. traversed negotiate On Your Own As you read The Grand Lunar Hotel, look for words you don t understand. Use context clues to determine the meanings of these words. Home Activity Your child reviewed using context clues to decipher unfamiliar words. Choose a newspaper article and practice using context clues to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words. Then write each word in a sentence to demonstrate understanding. DVD 116 Vocabulary

11 Unit 2 Week 5 Interactive Review Graphic Sources Graphic sources, such as charts, diagrams, and time lines, show information visually. Information in a graphic source can strengthen your understanding of the text. Mast Mainsail Boom Jib Tiller Rudder Keel Hull Practice Look at the diagram. Use it to answer the questions. 1. What information is shown in the diagram? the parts of a sailboat 2. Where might you find a diagram like this one? Possible answer: in a book that tells how to sail 3. Which parts of the boat are all or partially underwater? the rudder, the keel, and the hull 4. To which two parts of the boat is the mainsail connected? the mast and the boom 5. Why are diagrams often more effective than text alone? Possible answer: Diagrams can show a lot of information within a small space, and they help readers visualize information in the text. On Your Own Use the graphic source/diagram as you read Space Tourism to help you understand and clarify information. Home Activity Your child reviewed graphic sources. With your child, study a map or diagram in a book. Discuss how the map or diagram relates and adds to the information in the book. Discuss the author s purpose for including the graphic source. Comprehension DVD 117

12 Unit 32 Week 15 Interactive Review Greek and Latin Roots Greek and Latin roots are basic, original word parts derived from Greek or Latin. They are found in many English words. If you know the meaning of a root, you can use it to figure out an unfamiliar word s meaning. Words to Know thermometer thermos thermal jacket Which Greek root do the three words share? What do you think the root means? therm; heat abundant artifacts decrees eternity immortal receded reigned Practice Use your student glossary or dictionary to look up the Greek or Latin root and the root s meaning for each of the Words to Know. Then read the following sentences and fill in the blanks with one of the Words to Know. 1. Kings called pharaohs in ancient Egypt. 2. Archaeologists study that offer clues about how the ancient Egyptians lived. 3. The Egyptians believed the soul is and lives for. 4. Scribes wrote the pharaohs on long rolls of paper called scrolls. 5. The farmers relied on the floodwaters and the fertile soil left behind when the waters receded. reigned artifacts immortal decrees abundant On Your Own As you read Space Tourism, look for words with Greek or Latin roots. eternity Home Activity Your child reviewed words with Greek and Latin roots. Read a magazine article with your child and underline the words with Greek and Latin roots. Help your child identify the meanings of the roots and the words. DVD 118 Vocabulary

13 Unit 2 Week 6 Interactive Review Space Tourism Forget cruises and theme parks. The next great tourist attraction could be the moon. If you ve ever wondered what it s like to travel to the far reaches of our galaxy, you may not have to wonder much longer. Space tourism is already a reality. In 2001, Dennis Tito became the world s first private space explorer. He traversed a vast distance in space aboard the Russian spacecraft Soyuz 2 to reach the International Space Station. Tito s adventure was made possible through the space tourism company Space Adventures Ltd., founded in Within its first ten years, Space Adventures sent six private explorers into outer space. All of them traveled to the International Space Station aboard prescheduled missions with the Federal Agency of the Russian Federation. Another space tourism developer, Virgin Galactic, builds spaceships to transport tourists into space. Both companies offer spaceflights beginning at a cost of about two hundred thousand dollars. In the future, as more companies develop space tourism, the price could drop significantly, making spaceflight an affordable tourism option for many. Greek and Latin Roots What is the Latin root in the word attraction? What does it mean? trac means drag or pull Main Idea and Details What is the main idea of paragraph 1? Space travel may become an affordable tourism option. Space Explorer: Richard Garriott Richard Garriott was the sixth private citizen to travel to outer space with Space Adventures. On October 12, 2008, he was launched into space along with a two-member crew. Garriott, the son of former NASA astronaut Owen Garriott, became the first second-generation American space explorer. Garriott traveled to space not only to attain a personal goal, but also for the benefit of science and education. He devoted time on his mission to both scientific activities and the promotion of space education. Garriott s mission began about nine months earlier when he trained for his adventure. There were three components to Garriott s preparation: physical training, practical training for living in space, and safety procedure training. The physical training involved preparing his body to adjust to the change in gravity. Garriott endured simulation exercises, such as using the centrifuge, a powerful apparatus designed to simulate the immense force of gravity the body experiences upon reentry into Earth s atmosphere. Garriott had to learn how to eat, drink, and sleep in space. He also had to learn the safety procedures for emergency situations. Unknown Words What is the meaning of centrifuge? Use a dictionary to define the word. an apparatus that rotates at a high speed Space Tourism DVD 119

14 Unit 2 Week 6 Interactive Review Suffixes What is the meaning of crystallization? Use your understanding of the suffix -tion to define the word. the act or process of forming crystals Main Idea and Details Name two details that support the main idea of paragraph 1 on page 120. Garriott performed experiments. He took photos of Earth. Greek and Latin Roots Locate the word spectacular and underline its root. Then write the root s definition and two other words that contain the root. look ; inspect, spectacles Graphic Sources What does the diagram show? the three modules of the Soyuz TMA-12 Graphic Sources How could information from this article be organized? possible answers: main idea and details web; key word chart Garriott had to negotiate with several sponsors to support his scientific and educational experiments in space. For example, the company ExtremoZyme partnered with Garriott for protein crystallization experiments. Garriott invited high school students to prepare the proteins he would take into space. While in space Garriott also recorded podcasts and Webcasts, demonstrated concepts in physics, and, in partnership with the Nature Conservatory, took photographs of Earth for educational use. Eleven days after blasting off, Garriott and the crewmembers safely returned to Earth with increased knowledge of space to share with students, scientists, and space enthusiasts. The Future of Space Tourism So far, space tourism has been reserved for the privileged few who can afford it. However, explorers like Richard Garriott have generously shared their missions, donating their time and effort to science and education. In the last decade, space tourism has truly taken off. No longer is space travel reserved for astronauts and astronomers. With the development of cheaper and safer spacecraft, who knows what spectacular opportunities in space tourism will be offered in the decades ahead. Already, the advancements are abundant and the possibilities are as limitless as space itself. Orbital module Descent module Instrumentation and propulsion module Garriott traveled aboard the Soyuz TMA-12, a spacecraft similar to this one. DVD 120 Space Tourism

15 Unit 2 Week 6 Interactive Review The Grand Lunar Hotel was eating dinner with my family, just as I do almost every night. I I contentedly munched my bean mash and meat cubes. My dog-bot, Beastly, watchfully monitored the floor for fallen scraps, and my little brother, Simon, tried to play with his virtual racecar without our parents noticing. The year was 2109, and I was in the sixth grade. Everything was going fine when... Kids, your mother and I have an announcement to make, said Dad in a tone that demanded attention. I stopped eating and waited, an uneasy feeling already forming in my chest. I was promoted at work, continued Dad. I ve been put in charge of an important project. I ll be opening the company s first hotel on the Moon, the Grand Lunar Hotel. The Moon? I thought. Gulp. I didn t know anyone who had been to the Moon, but so far the reviews for lunar space trips had not been positive. It still took three days to get there, and, supposedly, the Moon just wasn t that exciting for more than a day or two. Unfamiliar Words Underline a context clue you can use to determine the meaning of eternity. Dad hurried on, Since I can t exactly commute to the Moon, we will be moving there for the duration of the project, approximately six months. Moving? I challenged in disbelief. My mind was racing. Kenneth, Dad addressed me. It s only for a few months, not an eternity. Once you get used to the idea, I am sure you will see what an opportunity this is, not only for my career, but for the entire family. An opportunity? More like a disaster, I thought. Cool! Can Beastly come? asked Simon. No, but we ll keep his battery charged, and he will be here when we get back, said Dad. In school the next day, I decided to tell my science class about my family s plans to move. We were studying the Milky Way Galaxy, so I thought my class might be interested that I would soon be living in a part of the galaxy we had recently studied. Compare and Contrast Compare and contrast Ken and Simon s reactions to Dad s news. Ken is shocked and upset. Simon may not understand what living on the Moon would be like, but he seems excited about it anyway and wants to take Beastly. The Grand Lunar Hotel DVD 121

16 Unit 2 Week 6 Interactive Review Unfamiliar Words Locate Earthrise in the passage, and draw a line between the two words within it. Then write the definition of Earthrise. the rising of Earth above the horizon of the moon as seen from lunar orbit Unfamiliar Words Underline a context clue to determine the definition of zerogravity. Compare and Contrast Compare and contrast Ken s feelings about living on the Moon at the beginning of the story and at the end of the story. At first, Ken doesn t want to move to the Moon. He is horrified at the idea. At the end, he is excited and looking forward to moving there. To my surprise, not only were my classmates interested, they were thrilled, delighted, and overjoyed! Can you bring me back some Moon rocks? asked Marley. Take a picture of an Earthrise for me! shrieked Candice. Make sure you send me a postcard! said Gregorio. I have an idea, said my teacher. We can continue our study of outer space by using a Webcam to communicate with Ken while he is on the Moon. We can have Ken do experiments to study the effects of the Moon s gravity. Ken, what do you think? I think that s a great idea, I said, my classmates enthusiasm rubbing off on me. Two days later, Simon and I started our space training. We were leaving for the Moon in less than two weeks, so there wasn t much time to prepare. Mom drove us to the space-simulation center, about thirty minutes away. I didn t want to be there. I wanted to spend as much time as I could with my friends before leaving. The training was so much fun, though, my resentment receded. We met astronomers who taught us about flight safety and the spaceship that would take us to the Moon. My favorite part was floating in the zero-gravity chamber. Finally, the big day of our journey to the Moon arrived. As my parents, brother, and I strapped ourselves into the spaceship, I closed my eyes and felt the vibration of the combustion engines powering on. I imagined our life on the Moon and all the amazing stories I would have to take back and tell to my friends. Maybe, in a few years, my friends would be staying at the Grand Lunar Hotel. Maybe we could all go there and explore the Moon together! Maybe we could... Mom was gently shaking me awake. I must have dozed off after takeoff. Mom pointed out our small, dingy window. That s when I saw Earth in all its majestic beauty for the first time from outer space. As I gazed at the glowing orb, I thought to myself, I wouldn t want to be anywhere else right now. DVD 122 The Grand Lunar Hotel