ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA

Transcription

1 digilib.uns.ac.id The Translation Quality Assessment of THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN Comic Published by KOMPAS THESIS Submitted as a Partial Requirement For the Sarjana Degree in English Department By KUSUMA WIDI NUSANTI C ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2011 i

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4 digilib.uns.ac.id PRONOUNCEMENT Name : Kusuma Widi Nusanti Student Number : C Pronounces truthfully that the thesis entitled The Translation Quality Assessment of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN Comic Published by KOMPAS is originally made by the researcher. It is not a plagiarism nor is made by other people. The statements which are not the researcher s own statements are written in quotation and included within the bibliography. If this pronouncement is proved incorrect in the future, the researcher is ready to accept academicals sanction in the form of the withdrawal of academic title. Surakarta, December 2011 The Researcher Kusuma Widi Nusanti iv

5 digilib.uns.ac.id MOTTO Surely with difficulty is ease. With difficulty is surely eased (QS: Alam Nasyrah: 5-6) v

6 digilib.uns.ac.id DEDICATION I whole heartedly dedicate this thesis to: My Beloved Mother My Late Father My Brothers My Husband vi

7 digilib.uns.ac.id ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis is the last stage in the obtaining Sarjana Sastra degree. There are some people who helped and gave support, affection, and trust to finish this thesis. It is a pleasure to thank the many people who made this thesis possible. 1. Drs. Riyadi Santoso, M. Ed, Ph. D., The Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University. 2. Drs. Budi Waskito, M. Pd., The Head of S1 Non-Regular English Department. 3. Ida Kusuma Dewi, SS, M.A., The Secretary of S1 Non-Regular English Department. 4. Dra. Endang Sri Astuti, M.S., my academic supervisor for the guidance during my study, giving an approval and a permission to write this thesis. 5. A very special thank to Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M. Ed., M.A., Ph. D. He gave me the confidence, trust, and support with some strong words of encouragement. Thank you does not seem sufficient but definitely it is said with appreciation and respect. 6. My mother Heruwati Kristintin Kusumaningsih and my late father Widi Rahmanto. I wish to thank for your million loves, patience and supports. I can t express my love in the beautiful words but I wish you know that I am very proud of you. I am sorry for being stubborn, but I promise that I will never make you disappointed again. Especially thanks to my late Dad, he is the biggest loss in my life and the biggest inspiration to finish my study. My little brothers Wisnu Widiaswara and Ilham Yusuf Widiansyah, thank you for your patience and understanding to me. My husband Darmadi S.S, vii

8 digilib.uns.ac.id thank you for your loves and patience. Thank you for being the best support ever I have. 7. I would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of some very special individuals. They help me immensely with encouragement, affection and friendships. H. Sutiyono, S.H., M.H., and family for their support and care to me, my mother and my brothers. Drs. H. Badrun, M. Si, thank you for your support and care to me and also thank you for being my Dad. Dra. Dwiyani Prasetyanti for their affection and patience. Eky, Lia, Mega, Wulan, Muftia, Inna, and my friends in English Department Extension 2007, especially Translation Studies (Sitti, Indah, Luki, Dinar, Yuli, Retna, mbak Dian, Sukma, Henny, Anis). 8. LPM KENTINGAN and KALPADRUMA Sebelas Maret University, for the KOMPAS collections. For those who have not been listed yet, thank you so much for the support and assistance. Surakarta, December 2011 Kusuma Widi Nusanti viii

9 digilib.uns.ac.id TABLE OF CONTENTS THE APPROVAL OF THE SUPERVISOR. i THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS.. ii PRONOUNCEMENT... iii MOTTO. iv DEDICATION.. v ACKNOWLEDGMENT... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS.. viii LIST OF TABLES.. xi ABSTRACT.. xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1. Research Background Research Problem 6 3. Research Objectives 7 4. Research Limitation 7 5. Research Benefits 7 6. Thesis Organization. 8 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1. Translator and Translation Translator Translation 9 2. Problems in Translation 10 ix

10 digilib.uns.ac.id 3. The Criteria of Quality Translation Accuracy Acceptability Readability Mass Media Comics Definition of Comics Aspect of Language Particular Language Puns (Wordplay) Onomatopoeia 17 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1. Research Type and Design Data and Source of Data Sample and Sampling Technique Research Procedure Method of Data Collection Technique of Analyzing Data.. 25 CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 1. Introduction Research Findings The Quality of Translated Text: Accuracy, Acceptability, Readability The Accuracy of the Translation 36 x

11 digilib.uns.ac.id Classification A.1 (Accurate) Classification A.2 (Less Accurate) Classification A.3 (Inaccurate) The Acceptability of the Translation Classification B.1 (Acceptable) Classification B.2 (Less Acceptable) Classification B.3 (Unacceptable) The Readability of the Translation Classification C.1 (Readable) Classification C.2 (Less Readable) Classification C.3 (Unreadable) Discussion The Quality of the Translation in terms of Accuracy, Acceptability and Readability Accuracy Acceptability Readability CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Conclusion Suggestion. 71 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES xi

12 digilib.uns.ac.id LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Accuracy Scale.. 30 Table 2: Acceptability Scale Table 3: Readability Scale Table 4: Accuracy Level of Translation Table 5: Acceptability Level of Translation 33 Table 6: Readability Level of Translation 34 xii

13 digilib.uns.ac.id ABSTRACT Kusuma Widi Nusanti. C The Translation Quality Assessment of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN Comic Published by KOMPAS. Undergraduate Thesis: English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta This thesis belongs to a descriptive research. This research aims to describe the quality assessment of the THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN into Indonesian that covers accuracy, acceptability and readability. This research applies total sampling technique. The total number of data is 308 sentences. Two methods of data collection are employed: content analysis used to obtain data from both source texts and target text, and questionnaire used to gather data concerning the accuracy, acceptability and readability scale. The accuracy and acceptability of the translated text are rated by three raters while its readability is rated by three target readers or respondents. The result of this research shows that 308 translations of sentences in THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN, 258 data (83.8%) are accurate, 48 data (15.6%) are less accurate and 2 data (0.6%) are inaccurate. The mean score of the accuracy level of the translation is 2.8. In terms of acceptability, 253 data (82.1%) are acceptable, 51 data (16.6%) are less acceptable and 4 data (1.3%) are unacceptable. The mean score of the acceptability level of the translation is 2.7. While in terms of readability, 278 data (90.3%) are readable, 30 data (9.7%) are less readable and 0 data is unreadable. The mean score of the readability level of the translation is 2.7. xiii

14 The Translation Quality Assessment of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN Comic Published by KOMPAS Kusuma Widi Nusanti 1 Prof. Drs. M. R. Nababan, M. Ed, M.A, Ph. D 2 ABSTRACT Thesis: English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta This thesis belongs to a descriptive research. This research aims to describe the quality assessment of the THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN into Indonesian that covers accuracy, acceptability and readability. This research applies total sampling technique. The total number of data is 308 sentences. Two methods of data collection are employed: content analysis used to obtain data from both source texts and target text, and questionnaire used to gather data concerning the accuracy, acceptability and readability scale. The accuracy and acceptability of the translated text are rated by three raters while its readability is rated by three target readers or respondents. The result of this research shows that 308 translations of sentences in THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN, 258 data (83.8%) are accurate, 48 data (15.6%) are less accurate and 2 data (0.6%) are inaccurate. The mean score of the accuracy level of the translation is 2.8. In terms of acceptability, 253 data (82.1%) are acceptable, 51 data (16.6%) are less acceptable and 4 data (1.3%) are unacceptable. The mean score of the acceptability level of the translation is 2.7. While in terms of readability, 278 data (90.3%) are readable, 30 data (9.7%) are less readable and 0 data is unreadable. The mean score of the readability level of the translation is Mahasiswa Jurusan Sastra Inggris dengan NIM C Dosen Pembimbing

15 digilib.uns.ac.id 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. Research Background Along with the globalization era, knowledge on science, technology and literature are growing fast. It is followed by the usage of English in some fields that also increases. This phenomenon is proven by the large number of scientific books and literary works which are written in English. Beside that, some television programs such as films or reality shows are also adopted from abroad. In fact, some of Indonesian people understand the foreign language well, especially English. However, they still find some difficulties to understand the messages of scientific books, literary works or television programs that are expressed in the foreign language. To understand the content and meaning, people need someone who understand and are able to speak the foreign language, such as English, as a mediator. These mediators are people who mediate both sides, the writer of the original work and the readers who do not understand English language. They are called the translator, while the process of transferring messages from source language into target language is called translation. The process of translating however is not as simple and as easy as people think. In the process of translating, a translator may find some difficulties in doing his job, whether linguistic or extra-linguistic. Linguistic culture, social culture, and material culture are examples of obstacles faced by the translator. Nida states 1

16 digilib.uns.ac.id 2 that the difficulties in translation are caused by some problems, as follows: ecological problem, social culture, material culture, religious culture, and linguistic culture. Translator should transfer ideas, thoughts and messages from source language into target language. Concerning literary works, besides being capable to speak and understand well the two different languages; a translator has to have a deep knowledge about the cultural background of the country from which the literary works will be translated. A translator is called a good translator or a successful translator when he is able to transfer the text from a source language into a target language without making any omissions of the important message within the source text so that the target readers will have perfect information of a translated text. According to Nida, the translator first analyzes the message of source language into its simplest and structurally clearest forms, transfer it at this level and then restructure it to the level in the receptor language which is most appropriate for the audience which he intends to reach (1975:80). As we know, one of the purposes of translating the literary work is to entertain the reader and give additional knowledge. They have some benefits in spending their leisure time by reading the comics, books, newspapers, novels and so on. The population of comic s lovers has more significantly increased, especially among Indonesian s children. To overcome this situation some publishers in Indonesia translate the English or Japanese comics into Indonesian. Therefore, translated comics dominate Indonesian s market.

17 digilib.uns.ac.id 3 One of the English comics that are translated into Indonesian is Spiderman. Gilbert states that Spider-man comic especially entitled THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN is the most popular superheroes comics in the world (2008). THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN comic has been translated into some languages, including Indonesia. This comic is targeted for all ages, from children (with parental advisory) to adult readers. Even more, the stories from Spiderman comic have been filmed in some titles or versions and broadcasted at the movie theaters in Indonesia. Based on those reasons, KOMPAS as one of national printed media has published an entertaining comic for its readers; it is THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN comic series. This comic is originally written by Stan Lee and Larry Lieber, published by Marvel Characters, Inc and distributed by King Features Syndicate. KOMPAS then re-published and presented THE AMAZING SPIDER- MAN comic in the source language, English. At the same time, the translation into Indonesian language was carried. Considering the fact above, this research will study the translation of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN comics published by KOMPAS. This research will be specified on the quality assessment of the comic s translation seen from the accuracy, acceptability and readability level of the translated text. Translating comics is different from translating other forms of text. Being considered from the sentence structures, translating comics is easy because comics have short sentences and simple structures. Nevertheless, the fact is not as the way it is seen, as stated by Koponen (2004: 1) Translating comic is easy. At least it

18 digilib.uns.ac.id 4 often may seem deceptively so, since the language of comics rarely contains complex or poetic sentence structure, specialized terminology or highly abstract concepts. However, comic books and comics strips do have certain characteristics that make them much more demanding for the translator than one might think. The same perspective also stated by Jukka Heiskanen (1990, in Koponen, 2004:1) that comics have some parts: the dialogues, the sense of humor and the events of history that makes it difficult to find the appropriate words equivalent from the source language in the target language. Besides, the limited place for the words or sentences in the squares or bubbles of comics and other aspects like onomatopoeia and puns (wordplay) emerge some difficulties. Problems in translating comics will be more difficult but is still challenging because usually translator will be given the short time to do his works (ibid, 2004:1).When a translator translates literary works like comics in English into Indonesian, a translator is also challenged to produce a high quality translation which does not sound as a translation product. To produce a qualified translation in terms of accurate, readable and acceptable translation a translator should understand the ideas involved in the source text clearly and fully. This research focuses on quality assessment of the comic s translation seen from the accuracy, acceptability and readability. A translator must be able to preserve the meaning or message of the source text. An accurate translation means that the translation is correct and appropriate, as stated by Larson, the ideal translation will be accurate as to meaning natural as to the receptor language forms used (1991:2).

19 digilib.uns.ac.id 5 Meanwhile, a translator also should be able to produce a natural translation according to the target language system. Acceptability means that a translator is supposed to convey the meaning or message in appropriate way to the linguistic and cultural bounds of the target language, not the ones of the source language. In addition, readability refers to how natural and easy a translation can be read and understood. Richards et al (in Nababan, 2003:63) states that the readability depends on the average length of sentence, amount of new words and grammatical complexity of the language used. Concerning with that, it will be given some examples to overview what this research deals with. Those are the following examples: Example 1: 043/685/PP/2009 ST: Wellll not exactly! TT: Yah, nggak juga sih! As shown in the picture above, Well not exactly is the specific expression and it is translated into Yah, nggak juga sih! It can be said that the translation is accurate and acceptable because the translation is more familiar for the target readers. Example 2 : 210/725/SM/2009

20 digilib.uns.ac.id 6 ST: There s a cool off-broadway play called Picture Perfect. TT: Ada pertunjukkan di Broadway berjudul Picture Perfect. In the example above, there are terms Broadway and Picture Perfect. The translator keeps the terms Broadway and Picture Perfect since the terms are proper names, referring to a name of well known theater in New York, Broadway, and title of show in the theater namely, Picture Perfect. This translation is accurate, acceptable and readable. 2. Research Problems Based on the research background, this research proposes some problems as follows: 1. How is level of the accuracy of the translation of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN comic?

21 digilib.uns.ac.id 7 2. How is level of the acceptability of the translation of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN comic? 3. How is level of the readability of the translation of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN comic? 3. Research Objectives The objectives of this research based on the research problems above are: 1. To identify the level of the accuracy of the translation of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN comic. 2. To identify the level of the acceptability of the translation of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN comic. 3. To identify the level of the readability of the translation of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN comic. 4. Research Limitation To achieve research objectives of the research problems, this study is focused on the analysis of the translated sentences. In addition, the objectives of the study are confined to the quality assessment of the comic s translation seen from the accuracy, acceptability and readability.

22 digilib.uns.ac.id 8 5. Research Benefits The researcher expects that this research will be beneficial for: 1. English Department Students The result of this research can be used as an additional reference for students in studying the translation subject, especially regarding the accuracy, acceptability and readability of a translated text. 2. The lecturers The result of this research can be used as additional information for the lecturers in teaching translation. 3. Other researchers The result of this research can be used to stimulate other researchers to conduct further research related to this research from other point of views, such as from accuracy, acceptability and readability of the translation. 6. Thesis Organization This research consists of five chapters. Each chapter is divided further and arranged as follows: Chapter I: INTRODUCTION consists of Research Background, Research Problems, Research Objectives, Research Limitation, Research Benefits and Thesis Organization.

23 digilib.uns.ac.id 9 Chapter II: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND consists of Definition of Translator, Translation, Problems in Translation, The Criteria of Quality Translation, Mass Media, and Comics. Chapter III: RESEARCH METODOLOGY consists of Research Type and Design, Source of Data, Sample and Sampling Technique, Method of Data Collection, Technique of Data Analysis, Research Procedures. Chapter IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION covers of Analysis the Quality of the Translation. Chapter V : CONCLUSION and SUGGESTIONS.

24 digilib.uns.ac.id 9 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1. Translator and Translation 1.1. Translator A translator is someone who has the capability to transfer written ideas and message from one language to another language. According to Bell (1991:15) that the translator has been defined as a bilingual mediating agent between monolingual communications participants in two different language communities, i.e. the translator decodes messages transmitted in one language and re-encodes them in another. Nababan (2008:63) defines that translator is someone who has the capability to transfer written ideas from one language to another language Translation In general, translation means a process of transferring message from source language into target language. To know closely about translation, it is better to consider some definitions of translation proposed by experts. Bell argues that translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language (1991:6). Meanwhile, Brislin defines that translation is the general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages are in written or oral form; whether the languages have established orthographies or do not have such standardization or whether one or both language is based on signs, as with sign languages of the deaf, (1976:1). 9

25 digilib.uns.ac.id 10 Mildred Larson also defines that translation consists of transferring the meaning of the source language into receptor language. This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure. It is meaning which is being transferred and must be held constant. Only the form changes. (1984:3). 2. Problems in Translation In the process of translating, a translator may find some problems in doing his job. The problems occurred commonly related to difficulties in transferring the message or the content of the text as well as its form and style because translation is not merely changing the language into another. Translation is a complicated activity which requires some specific competence of the translator to result in a good quality of product. Newmark states that you may see it as complicated, artificial, and fraudulent, since by using another language you are pretending to be someone you are not. (1988:5). 3. The Criteria of Quality Translation A translator will find some problems in transferring source language text into target language text accurately. The problems can be overcome by applying the method, strategy or techniques of translation. Besides using those the three ways, the translator has to pay attention to the accuracy, acceptability, and readability. Those criteria of quality become one of the important things to identify whether a translator can produce an accurate, readable, and acceptable translation or not, in such a way as a translation product.

26 digilib.uns.ac.id Accuracy According to Baker s statement, which says Accuracy is no doubt an important aim in translation but it is also important to bear in mind that the use of common target-language patterns which are familiar to the target reader plays an important role in keeping the communication channels open, (1992:57). From the statement, it can be seen that accurate means reproducing as exactly as possible the meaning or message of the source text. Meanwhile, Nababan argues that there are three main points in quality evaluation of a translation: 1) the accuracy of transferring message, 2) the accuracy of the target language structure, 3) the naturalness of target language. (2003:86) Acceptability Toury (cited Shuttle Worth and Cowi in Dewi:1997) states that a translation which is considered to be acceptable is the one fulfilling the requirement of reading as an original written in the target language (TL) and sounds natural for the target reader rather than that of reading as the original in the source language (SL) Readability The quality of the text can be identified through the readability of the text, whether the message is clear or not for the target readers. Readability refers to the quality of the written language and how a translation can be read and understood naturally and easily. Nababan (1999:61) argues that the readability is important in translation because translation cannot be separated from reading activity. Nababan (2003:62) also states that the readability is the interaction of all elements in a text that affects the target readers in understanding the message. Readability

27 digilib.uns.ac.id 12 is affected by the average length of sentence, amount of new words and grammatical complexity of the language used. 4. Mass Media Mass media is any medium used to transmit information about all fields to people. Until recently, mass media is clearly defined and is comprised of the eight mass media industries, such as books, newspapers, magazines, radio, movies, television and the internet. Mass media as a medium which has function to give information and education to the people. Siregar defines that mass media has function to give information and education, while the entertaining aspects infiltrate into editorial cartoon form (1995:24). According to Bungin, mass media is used as a device which transforms information from two directions; mass media into society or transform the information among the society itself (2001:1). 5. Comics 5.1. Definition of Comics Comics are a form of visual art which uses the motionless pictures and arranged in such a way become a story. Generally, comics are printed on the paper and completed by texts. Comics can be published in some forms, such as comics strip in newspaper, magazine or published as comic s book. Scoot McCloud defines comics as follows: Comic, as sequential art, emphasizes the pictorial representation of a narrative. This means comics are not an illustrated version of standard literature, other contend comics are a new and separate art; an integrated whole, of words and images both, where the pictures commit do to not user depict the story, but are part of the

28 digilib.uns.ac.id 13 telling. In comics, creator transmits expression through arrangement and juxtaposition of either picture alone, or word(s) and picture(s) to build a narrative (1993:4). Meanwhile, Juha Herkman (1998, in Koponen, 2004:4) defines comics as a narrative told through a series of pictures, recurring characters, and combination of dialogue or other types of text with the pictures. Whereas, Klaus Kaindl defines comics more simply: comic is a series of at least two pictures telling a story. (1999, in Koponen, 2004:5). According to Robert C. Harvey (2001:76, in Koponen, 2004:5), the combination of text and picture should be considered a more central feature than the presence of two or more pictures. He also states that this definition could be expanded to include wordless comics as an exception to the norm, since in his opinion such comics are not common, although they do exist (ibid, 2004:5) Aspects of Language As has been stated above, comics consist of pictures, characters and dialogues. Those are being as one in a comic s story. The aspects of language of those comics can be indicated into three aspects as follows: Particular Language In comics, we find many types of text. They are the character utterances (in bubbles), the character thoughts (in bubbles), the narrator comments (in narration boxes), and onomatopoeia words (in bubbles or combine to the pictures). Koponen argues that both the typography and the speech bubble communicate information on the tone and level of voice used by the character speaking. For example, a speech bubble with strong and sharp lines often symbolizes shouting

29 digilib.uns.ac.id 14 while a bubble with thin or dotted lines symbolizes a whisper, while an angular bubble is often used for sounds from radio or some electronic device (2004:11). Meanwhile Khordoc (2001:156) in Koponen considers the speech and thought bubbles in fact the most interesting feature of comics (ibid, 2004:11). 1. The examples of the character thoughts in balloons. 2. The example of the character utterances in balloons.

30 digilib.uns.ac.id The example of narrator comments in boxes. 4. The examples of onomatopoeic words A large part of text in comics are the words expressed by the characters and spoken language (the language that used in comic and the combination between spoken language and written). Therefore, the words or vocabulary in comics sometimes is very informal and it is low a register. Commonly, the language of comic is not too challenging for the translator. It is because of the text of comic composed by the simple sentences that are easy to translate (Santoyo, 1996, in Simanjuntak 2006:38).

31 digilib.uns.ac.id 16 For example: The picture above is one of the simple sentences in comics. Nevertheless, the translator has to consider the particular characteristic of comic s language to make an accurate translation Puns (Wordplay) According to Dirk Delabastita s definition of wordplay: Wordplay is the general name for the various textual phenomena in which structural features of the language(s) used are exploited in order to bring about a communicatively significant confrontation of two (or more) linguistic structures with more or less similar forms and more or less different meanings (1996, in Koponen, 2004:35). Delabastita also defines puns or wordplay as a deliberate communicative strategy, or the result thereof, used with a specific semantic and pragmatic effect in mind. (in Simanjuntak, 2006:39). It has a different meaning on the same word, or as the same meaning on the different word (Homonymy and Homophony). It is clear that puns are one of the most interesting phenomena to study in translation research. According to Davis (1997, in Koponen, 2004:37), wordplay is not just one (or more) words invoking the meaning of another word, but also explicitly refers to the whole system of language itself, to some relation inside the system of the language where two things are at same commit time to somehow user similar and different.

32 digilib.uns.ac.id Onomatopoeia Fromkin and Rodman (in Simanjuntak, 2006:40) stated that A few word in most languages are onomatopoeia the sounds of the word supposedly imitate the sounds of nature. Even here the sounds differ from one language to another, reflecting the particular sounds system of the language. Koponen argues that onomatopoeic expressions, attempt to represent visually the sounds connected to the events and emotional states expressed in the pictures (2004:9). Onomatopoeia words are one of the characteristics of comic s language. Some onomatopoeia words can be translated into English; rriing (sounds of phone) has an equivalent in Indonesian; kriing, but roooar, bang! or bop! Words do not have equivalents in Indonesian and the translator usually adopts the English onomatopoeic words in its translation product. For example: The onomatopoeia bakoom! for the blast sounds is not properly known in TL reverent. Therefore, the translator translates it into duaar! to create an acceptable expression in Indonesian. At the same time, known in Indonesian s reverent.

33 digilib.uns.ac.id 29 CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 1. Introduction As has been explained in chapter 1 and 3, this study aims to evaluate The Translation Quality Assessment of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN Comic Published by KOMPAS. This chapter describes the results of data analysis, which are the answers to the research questions. In chapter I, it has been explained that there are three research questions this study tries to answer. They are: 1. How is level of the accuracy of the translation of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN comic? 2. How is level of the acceptability of the translation of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN comic? 3. How is level of the readability of the translation of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN comic? 2. Research Findings 2.1. The Quality of Translated Text: Accuracy, Acceptability, and Readability. This section presents the analysis of the accuracy, acceptability and readability level of the translation of THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN comic. The researcher involves three raters who have certain qualification to assess the accuracy, and acceptability of the translated text. The researcher also involves the comic s readers (respondents) to answer the questionnaire in gaining the scale of readability of the translated text. 29

34 digilib.uns.ac.id 30 The raters are asked to fill the questionnaires by giving ratings to each datum on its degree of accuracy, acceptability and readability after analyzing and comparing the source text to the target text in accordance with the level description. The questionnaires are in a form of close and open-ended questionnaire. The raters and the respondents (target readers) determine the accuracy, acceptability, and readability of the message rendered in the translation by giving score to the translation based on the mentioned description. The accuracy, acceptability, and readability of message transfer of the translation are measured based on the following scales: Table 1 Accuracy Scale SCORE DESCRIPTION 1 Inaccurate, the message of the source text is not conveyed at all, i.e. it is omitted or deleted. 2 Less Accurate, the message of the source text is less accurate conveyed into the target text. Rewriting and some changes in word order are needed. 3 Accurate, the message of the source text is perfectly and clearly conveyed into the target text. No rewriting is needed. Table 2 Acceptability Scale SCORE DESCRIPTION 1 Unacceptable, the translated texts extremely sound like translation and feel displease as Indonesian texts. 2 Less Acceptable, the translated commit to texts user sound like translation. There are

35 digilib.uns.ac.id 31 some displeasing in terms of the words, phrases, and sentences in target text, but almost sounds like natural. 3 Acceptable, the translated texts sound natural and appropriate with the grammar structure of the target texts, almost does not feel like translation. Table 3 Readability Scale SCORE DESCRIPTION 1 Unreadable, the reader completely does not comprehend the content of the translated text. 2 Less unreadable, there is one difficult word or more found in the translated text. However, the reader still manages to understand the content of the dialogue. 3 Readable, the translated text is fully comprehended. The reader understands the content of the dialogue. After the raters or respondents complete the entire questionnaire, the researcher makes statistical calculation to determine the mean of each datum by applying a formula as the following table: Data Rater 1 Rater 2 Rater 3 Total Mean Number 001 score score score total Total score Total rater 308 score score score total Total score Total rater

36 digilib.uns.ac.id 32 When the statistical calculation is finished, the data are classified into three groups, as can be seen below: Table 4 Accuracy Level of the Translation a. Classification A.1: Accurate, is the scale 1 and includes the data with mean score 2.6 to 3.0. b. Classification A.2: Less accurate, is the scale 2 and includes the data with mean score 1.6 to 2.5. c. Classification A.3: Inaccurate, is the scale 3 and includes the data with mean score 1.0 to 1.5. No Classification Number of Data Total Data Percentage. 1 A.1 001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, % 008, 009, 011, 012, 014, 015, 016, 017, 020, 021, 023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 039, 041, 042, 043, 044, 045, 047, 050, 051, 052, 053, 056, 057, 058, 059, 060, 061, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067, 068, 069, 071, 073, 074, 076, 077, 078, 079, 081, 082, 084, 085, 088, 089, 090, 091, 093, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 227, 229, 230, 232, commit 233, 234, to user 235, 237,

37 digilib.uns.ac.id , 240, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, 279, 281, 282, 283, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, A.2 010, 013, 018, 019, 022, 040, 046, % 048, 049, 054, 055, 062, 070, 072, 075, 080, 083, 086, 087, 092, 121, 124, 128, 131, 161, 163, 183, 186, 187, 190, 205, 208, 209, 214, 223, 226, 228, 231, 236, 238, 241, 242, 270, 274, 278, 280, 284, A.3 117, % Total % Table 5 Acceptability Level of the Translation a. Classification B.1: Acceptable, is the scale 1 and includes the data with mean score 2.6 to 3.0. b. Classification B.2: Less acceptable, is the scale 2 and includes the data with mean score 1.6 to 2.5. c. Classification B.3: Unacceptable, is the scale 3 and includes the data with mean score 1.0 to 1.5. No Classification Number of Data Total Data Percentage. 1 B.1 001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 007, 008, % 009, 011, 012, 014, 015, 016, 017, 018, 020, 021, 023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 039, 041, 042, 043, 044, 045, 047, 050, 053, 054, 056, 057, 058, 059, 060, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067, 068, 069, 071, 076, 077, 078, 079, 082, 084, 085, 088, 089, 090, 091, 093, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109,

38 digilib.uns.ac.id , 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 227, 229, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 279, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, B.2 006, 010, 013, 019, 022, 040, 046, % 048, 049, 051, 052, 055, 061, 062, 072, 073, 074, 075, 080, 081, 083, 086, 087, 092, 117, 121, 124, 128, 131, 135, 138, 161, 163, 183, 186, 187, 190, 200, 202, 208, 209, 210, 223, 226, 228, 231, 237, 242, 278, 280, B.3 070, 214, 230, % Total % Table 6 Readability Level of the Translation a. Classification C.1: Readable, is the scale 1 and includes the data with mean score 2.6 to 3.0. b. Classification C.2: Less Readable, is the scale 2 and includes the data with mean score 1.6 to 2.5.

39 digilib.uns.ac.id 35 c. Classification C.3: Unreadable, is the scale 3 and includes the data with mean score 1.0 to 1.5. No Classification Number of Data Total Data Percentage. 1 C.1 001, 003, 004, 007, 009, 011, 012, % 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 018, 019, 020, 021, 022, 023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 039, 041, 042, 043, 044, 045, 046, 047, 048, 049, 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 055, 056, 057, 058, 059, 060, 061, 062, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067,068, 069, 070, 071, 073, 076, 078, 079, 080, 081, 082, 084, 085, 086, 088, 089, 090, 091, 092, 093, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 184, 185, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 227, 229, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 288, 289, 290, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, C.2 002, 005, 006, 008, 010, 028, 040, % 072, 074, 075, 077, 083, 087, 106, 128, 131, 138, 148, 157, 171, 182, 208, 209, 226, commit 230, 234, to user 238, 271,

40 digilib.uns.ac.id , C % Total % The Accuracy of the Translation Based on the table of accuracy above, of 308 data, 258 data (83.8%) are categorized into classification A.1 or accurate translation, 48 data (15.6%) are categorized into classification A.2 or less accurate translation, and 2 data (0.6%) are categorized into classification A.3 or inaccurate translation Classification A.1 (Accurate) This category includes the data of which are considered to be accurate translation. It means that the message of original text is accurately conveyed and it does not need any rewritings. There are 258 data (83. 8%) included in this classification. The following data are the examples: Example 1: 002/676/ES/2009 ST: But dad I ve always known that you were Electro! TT: Tapi Ayah aku selalu tahu bahwa kaulah Electro! In datum number 002 above, the source sentence is accurately translated into Indonesian. It means that the translator conveys the content of the source text into target text correctly and no rewriting commit to is user needed. The translator does not omit

41 digilib.uns.ac.id 37 or delete any word of source text and does not change the message or content of source text in target text. From the researcher s point of view, the message in the example above has been accurately conveyed in the target language. Example 2 006/677/ET/2009 ST: My brother promised to keep it a secret from you! TT: Saudaraku berjanji untuk tetap memegang rahasia ini dari kamu! The translation belongs to the category of accurate translation. From the example, it is seen that the translator does not translate the words a in the source text which means sebuah in the target text. Although the word is not preserved in the target text, the message and sense are accurately delivered well in target text. According to one of the raters, the phrase keep it a secret should be translated into menjaga rahasia rather than memegang rahasia. The researcher argues that the expressions above have the same meaning. Therefore, the translation of the keep it secret in the example above is accurate.

42 digilib.uns.ac.id 38 Example 3 015/679/SM/2009 ST: I can fix that! TT: Aku bisa mengatasinya! Datum number 015 also belongs to the category of an accurate translation. The message is accurately conveyed into the target text without doing omission and addition. Although one of the raters considers that the word fix should be translated into melepasnya rather than mengatasinya more appropriate with the picture and the dialogue before. The researcher assumes that the reader has understood the message of the translation mengatasinya by seeing the picture where Spider-Man ripped the bound of Electro. Example 4 074/692/MJ/2009 ST: See you, Tiger. TT: Sampai jumpa, Macan. To the example number 074, the source text is accurately translated into Indonesian. There are no difficulties commit which to user cause problems in translating the

43 digilib.uns.ac.id 39 source text since they are written using simple sentences. Although there is a word which is not translated i.e. the word you, but the message in the target text is still accurate and can be understood. The researcher argues that the proper name Tiger should be translated into Jagoan rather than Macan since the term Jagoan more appropriate with the story where the main character Peter Parker as a hero Spider- Man. While, in Indonesian language the term Jagoan is familiar with the term hero or a champion. Example 5 220/756/DO/2009 ST: If you want to leave here alive, Wolverine Tell me how to create that indestructible metal Adamantium! TT: Kalau kau mau keluar dari sini hidup-hidup, Wolverine. Beritahu bagaimana caranya membuat logam yang tak dapat rusak Adamantium! The example number 220 is accurately translated into Indonesia. The translator translates indestructible metal into logam yang tak dapat rusak and borrows the term Adamantium in the source text above. Nevertheless, the translator does not omit any words from the source text and does not change the content of source text into target text. The translator conveys the content of the source text into target text correctly commit and to no user rewriting is needed. The message in

44 digilib.uns.ac.id 40 the source text has been transferred well and accurately. The researcher supports the rater s assessment that the message and meaning of the source text is fully and clearly transferred into the target text and assumes this translation is accurate. Example 6 221/756/WV/2009 ST: Are you kiddin?!! I m a mutant not a blasted scientist! TT: Kau bercanda?? Aku adalah seorang mutant, bukan ilmuwan! Datum number 221 also belongs to the category of an accurate translation. Two of the raters have the same opinion that even though the word blasted is not translated into Indonesian it not reduces the meaning of source text. In Indonesian the term blasted means jahanam and it has negative connotation for younger readers. The researcher suggests to translate the word blasted into jahat without omit the message since the phrase a blasted scientist is the expression of annoyance.

45 digilib.uns.ac.id 41 Example 7 252/764/SM/2009 ST: Sheesh, Ock! You sound like the heavy in grade-b movie! TT: Ahhh, Ock! Kau terdengar seperti tokoh dalam film kualitas rendah! The translation in datum number 252 belongs to an accurate translation. The translator conveys the content of the source text into target text correctly and contains the same message of the source text. The sentence the heavy in grade-b movie! is translated into tokoh dalam film kualitas rendah! It is more suitable and acceptable in Indonesian language. The character of Octopus in this comic is a bad character. Therefore, the researcher suggests the word heavy will be more appropriate if it is translated into penjahat rather than tokoh since the term heavy in the movie means bad or criminal character Classification A.2 (Less Accurate) This category includes the data of which are considered to be less accurate translation. The data are classified into less accurate, if the content of source text is less accurately conveyed to the target text. Rewritings and some changes in word order are needed. There are 48 data (15.6%) classified into classification A.2.

46 digilib.uns.ac.id 42 Some of the data are presented below: Example 8 010/678/ES/2009 ST: You used your powers to become a criminal when you could ve been a hero TT: Kau menggunakan kekuatanmu untuk tindakan kriminal dimana seharusnya kau bisa menjadi pahlawan The example above is categorized into the less accurate classification. Dealing with the meaning, the translator succeeds in delivering the message although the sentence to become a criminal should be translated into menjadi seorang penjahat rather than untuk tindakan kriminal. The researcher has the same idea with the raters that the translation of menjadi seorang penjahat is more appropriate with the grammar and content of the source text. The target reader has understood the translation untuk tindakan kriminal but the message is not conveyed the accurately. However, the word criminal and hero in the sentence show the comparison between Electro and Spider-Man. Example 9 018/680/SM/2009

47 digilib.uns.ac.id 43 ST: I saw how you looked at your son. TT: Aku melihat bagaimana kau menyayangi anakmu. The datum above is categorized as less accurate. Two of the raters have opinion that the sentence bagaimana kau menyayangi anakmu is translated in the wrong way. It should be translated into bagaimana cara kau melihat anakmu rather than bagaimana kau menyayangi anakmu. One of the raters has different opinion that the translator tries to convey the meaning of source text how you looked at your son into bagaimana kau menyayangi anakmu according to the previous dialogue situation (datum number 014, 015, 016, 017). The researcher agrees with the opinion of one rater that the translator tries to convey the message in the comics by expanding his imagination. From the previous and the next pictures and dialogues the target reader will understand that the Electro as a father very loves his son. Example /687/PP/2008 ST: Lean on me, and we ll do fine. TT: Bersandarlah padaku dan kau akan baik-baik saja. The datum number 049 above belongs to the less accurate classification. The translation of this datum needs some rewriting. The translator changed the phrase we ll. The phrase we ll is translated into kau akan whereas it should be

48 digilib.uns.ac.id 44 translated into kita akan rather than kau akan. The researcher supports the raters that the translator should translate this phrase accurately. However, we ll in the picture refer to Peter Parker and Aunt May. Example /691/PP/2009 ST: What do you mean? If she suspects I m Spidey.! TT: Kalau saja ia tahu akulah Spiderman. Datum number 070 is considered less accurate translation since the message of the source text is not translated well. The raters give opinion that the translation contains reduction, the interrogative sentence What do you mean? is deleted. It is not consistent with the dialogue in the balloon of comic. It can influence the expressiveness of the dialogue. The researcher suggests that the translator should keep the translation of the Apa maksudmu? sentence to the complete the translation. Example /760/ WV/2009

49 digilib.uns.ac.id 45 ST: I vote we arrange a trade TT: Kita membuat pertukaran. The datum number 236 belongs to a less accurate translation since it is not translated well and accurately. The reducing in the translated text above can reduce the beauty aspect of comic s language. The translator does not provide the translation for the clause I vote it makes the utterance does not have an emotional feeling. While, the sentence We arrange a trade is translated into Kita membuat pertukaran sounds unnatural so that it has to be reconstructed or in other words, it is necessary to make some changes in word order. Thus, the researcher recommends a translation as in Aku usul kita mengadakan pertukaran saja to make the sentences accurate and naturally conveyed. Example /771/DO/2009 ST: Even in an abandoned warehouse it s hard to find any privacy! TT: Bahkan di gedung terbengkalai pun sulit mendapatkan privasi! The datum number 278 is considered less accurate translation since the translator makes mistake when translate the word warehouse into gedung, which in target language means gudang. In Indonesian culture gedung and gudang has a different meaning. Gedung means a place for office, meeting or exhibition. While

50 digilib.uns.ac.id 46 gudang, refers to a place to keep some unused stuffs or secondhand goods. Therefore, it will be better if it is translated into gudang rather than gedung. The researcher agrees with the raters. From picture datum number 268, 281, 286, 291, 301, and 304 is clearly shown that the warehouse is illustrated by gudang, not gedung Classification A.3 (Inaccurate) This category includes the data of which are considered to be inaccurate translation. In this classification, the translator fails to convey the message of source text into target text accurately. The translator cannot find the suitable equivalent of source text term or word in the target text. The translator keeps the terms or words as it is stated in the source text and changes the source text term with target text term which have different meaning. There are 2 data (0. 6%) included in this classification. Some of the data are presented below: Example /700/RR/2009 ST: Better hope you got a fat wallet, man! If not! TT: Lebih baik kuharap kau memiliki dompet yang tebal, teman! Kalau tidak...! The datum number 117 is considered to be inaccurate since the translation contains reduction. The translator commit does to not user provide the translation for the

51 digilib.uns.ac.id 47 character utterance in the balloon of the characters of Wolverine/Logan Hmm on the other hand... It makes the translation completely different from the comic s picture of source text. The researcher assumes that the translator should keep the sentence to complete the translation because the sentence Hmm on the other hand... is the continuation of Logan s murmur in the previous picture. The omitted sentence will confuse the target reader in the next picture; which is datum number 118. Example /712/ NC/2009 ST: Dr. Octopus has hurled a policeman into the air... TT: Dr. Octopus melempar polisi ke udara The datum number 167 is similar to the first example, the translation is inaccurate. The translator omits the character s thoughts in the balloon My wife! My kids! However it can reduce the beauty aspects of comic s language. The researcher agrees with the raters argument that the deletion makes the translation incomplete. The recommended translation is Istriku! Anak-anakku!

52 digilib.uns.ac.id The Acceptability of the Translation Based on the table of acceptability above, from 308 data, 253 data (82.1%) are categorized into classification B.1 or acceptable translation, 51 data (16.6%) are categorized into classification B.2 or less acceptable translation, and 4 data (1.3 %) are categorized into classification B.3 or unacceptable translation Classification B.1 (Acceptable) This category includes the data which are considered to be acceptable translation. The data included in this classification are those which sound natural, almost do not seem like a translation product and do not contain any grammatical errors. There are 253 data (82.1%) included in this classification. Some of the data are presented below: Example /676/ET/2009 ST: I m sorry, son. I didn t mean for you to learn my secret not like this! TT: Maafkan aku Nak. Aku tak ingin kau mengetahui rahasiaku seperti ini! Datum number 001 is categorized into acceptable translation since the expression used in the sentence does not seem like a work of translation, the translation sounds natural and there is no grammatical error. The word son is translated into nak and the word not is deleted, it makes the translation sounds

53 digilib.uns.ac.id 49 very natural in the target language. According to the researcher, the translation of the datum above is quite acceptable. The researcher agrees with the translator who chooses the diction mengetahui to translate the word learn since the word learn in Indonesia have the meaning mempelajari. If the translator chooses the word mempelajari, it will make the translation unnatural for the target reader. Example /684/SM/2009 ST: The coast is clear. TT: Aman dari penjagaan. The translation of this datum is acceptable and does not sound like translation. The translator translates The coast is clear into Aman dari penjagaan. It gives great contribution for the translation to make it sounds natural. According to the researcher opinion, the translator tries to translate the parable of coast that has a meaning for the situation in the Queens hospital since Spider-Man will change his costume and come back into being Peter Parker again. The translator translates the coast into penjagaan and clear into aman. It makes the translation completely acceptable.

54 digilib.uns.ac.id 50 Example /688/PP/2009 ST: Gotta earn some cash! That cab ride with aunt May stretched me. TT: Kuharus mendapatkan uang! Mengendarai taksi bersama bibi May membuatku bokek. The translation of datum number 054 is acceptable and does not sound like translation. It sounds natural in the target text with an expression of membuatku bokek for stretched me instead of meregangkan. So, the translation of That cab ride with aunt May stretched me into Mengendarai taksi bersama bibi May membuatku bokek is considered to be an acceptable translation in the target text. The researcher agrees that the translation is naturally translated into the target language. Example /693/PP/2009

55 digilib.uns.ac.id 51 ST: Just for a minute, aunt May. TT: Cuma sebentar kok, bibi May. The translation in datum number 079 is considered to be included in the acceptable category since the expression used in the sentence does not seem like a work of translation. The translation sounds natural and there is no grammatical error. The translator translates the second person address aunt into bibi to get acceptability in the target text. The researcher agrees that the translation is acceptable. The diction of the translation Cuma sebentar kok is commonly used in Indonesian to show the closeness of family or friendships. Example /701/PP/2009 ST: Why did my spider sense tingle when I walked past that guy? TT: Mengapa sensor Spider-Manku berbunyi ketika aku berpapasan dengan lakilaki itu? The translation is included into the acceptable category. In this sentence the translator translates sense into sensor instead of rasa. It gives great contribution for the translation to make it sounds natural. The researcher also agrees with the translator to translate tingle into bunyi since in Indonesian the

56 digilib.uns.ac.id 52 word tingle means menggelenyar and terasa geli (John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily English Dictionary-Indonesian, 1998:593). It is not common to be used in Indonesian itself. Example /712/DO/2009 ST: The late Spider-man! TT: Spiderman yang terlambat! The translation of datum number 171 is included into the acceptable category. One of the raters assumes that the translation sounds less natural when the target readers read the translation. The rater suggests translating the word of late into lamban or lambat rather than yang terlambat. The researcher agrees with the rater s suggestion that the word lamban is better than terlambat. It makes the translation text more acceptable in the target language Classification B.2 (Less Acceptable) This category includes the data of which are considered to be less acceptable translation. In this classification, the translation sounds natural and appropriate with the grammar structure of the target text, and it almost does not feel like translation. There are also some unnatural expressions and word choices. There are 51 data (16.6%) included in this classification.

57 digilib.uns.ac.id 53 Some of the data are presented below: Example /678/ES/2009 ST: You used your powers to become a criminal when you could ve been a hero TT: Kau menggunakan kekuatanmu untuk tindakan kriminal dimana seharusnya kau bisa menjadi pahlawan The datum number 010 is considered as less acceptable translation. The translation of the phrase to become a criminal sounds unnatural. The raters suggest the translation as menjadi penjahat or menjadi seorang penjahat, it is more appropriate rather than untuk tindakan kriminal. The borrowing of the word criminal is not properly used since the word makes the translation sounds like translation. The researcher has the same opinion with the raters by translating the source sentence into menjadi seorang penjahat which makes it sounds natural and clearer. Example /694/MJ/2009

58 digilib.uns.ac.id 54 ST: Hey, Tiger! You gonna lie in bed all day? TT: Hai Macan! Kau hanya ingin berbaring di tempat tidur seharian? In datum number 083, there is an unnatural word choice when the translator translates the word tiger into macan. The expression sounds unnatural and not interesting. The character Peter Parker or Spiderman is the super hero, hence the researcher suggests translate it into jagoan make the sentences naturally conveyed. It is able to increase the beauty of the expression if the word tiger is translated into jagoan. Example /702/WV/2009 ST: Do I know that guy I just passed? TT: Apakah aku tahu pria yang baru kulewati? The datum number 124 is considered as less acceptable translation since the translated text sounds like a work of translation. The suggestion for translation of the word know into kenal or mengenal and add the adverb of time just into baru saja. The recommended translation is Apakah aku kenal/mengenal pria yang baru saja kulewati? The researcher agrees with the raters that it gives contribution for the translation to make it sounds clearer and natural.

59 digilib.uns.ac.id 55 Example /759/ WV/2009 ST: It s a standoff, Ock. You ve weakened me so I can t get free TT: Kau tak bisa mengelak, Ock. Kau telah membuatku lemah, sehingga aku tak bisa membebaskan diri The translation of datum above is considered to be less acceptable. It sounds like a work of translation. The message of the translated word weakened into membuatku lemah is accurately conveyed and can be understood but it is unnatural for the context of story. The recommended translation is melumpuhkan which is more appropriate rather than membuatku lemah. The researcher gives opinion that the translation It s a standoff, Ock does not follow the target text structure. Moreover, the translator has changed the subject It into Kau. It makes the message of the dialogue in the datum does not clearly mention what the subject is. Based on the picture It s in the sentence indicates the Ock s diamond that will be used to cut the claws of Wolverine but it is failed. It is better to translate into Berliannya gagal, Ock than Kau tak bisa mengelak, Ock.

60 digilib.uns.ac.id 56 Example /724/SM/2009 ST: Well, Wolverine, was our fight with Doc Ock worth your trip to New York? TT: Well, Wolverine, perkelahian kita tadi dengan Doc Ock sepadan dengan perjalananmu ke New York? The translation of datum number 208 belongs to the less acceptable category since there is deletion in the source text. The word was in target language is not properly deleted. Furthermore, the word was as the interrogative form has important part in a sentence. The raters have suggestion to translate was into apakah. It makes the translation clearer. The translator also borrows the word Well. Meanwhile, Well does not exist in Indonesian language. It is better to be translated into Baiklah than borrow the word Well. The researcher has the same opinion with the raters by changing the sentence Well, Wolverine, perkelahian kita tadi dengan Doc Ock sepadan dengan perjalananmu ke New York? into Baiklah, Wolverne, apakah perkelahian kita tadi dengan Doc Ock sepadan dengan perjalananmu ke New York?, making it more acceptable in the target text Classification B.3 (Unacceptable) This category includes the data of which are considered to be unacceptable translation since there are many grammatical mistakes which cover almost the entire text. The translation text in this classification sounds unnatural, like a

61 digilib.uns.ac.id 57 translation work. There are unnatural uses of expression and word choices in the translation. There are 4 data or 1.3% included in this classification. Some of the data are presented below: Example /691/PP/2009 ST: What do you mean? If she suspects I m Spidey.! TT: Kalau saja ia tahu akulah Spiderman. This translation is included into unacceptable category since it contains reduction. The translator does not provide the translation for sentence What do you mean? It makes the translation unacceptable since this sentence is related to the previous story and picture. The suggested translation for this sentence is Apa maksudmu? The researcher agrees with the rater s suggestion. The omission of sentence shows the inconsistency of the translation. It can make the translation sounds incomplete. Example /725/SM/2009 ST: The star, Mary Jane Parker, is commit terrific! to user

62 digilib.uns.ac.id 58 TT: Bintangnya Mary Jane Parker! The problem of this datum is similar to the example number 070. The translation contains reduction. The expression is terrific! is deleted. It makes the translation unacceptable and reduces the beauty of the expression of this comic. The suggested translation for this sentence is Bintangnya Mary Jane Parker! Dia sungguh hebat! The researcher agrees with the rater that the deletion makes the translation sounds clumsy. Example /758/ WV/2009 ST: Whoever said Diamonds are forever Never tried cuttin Adamantium with em! TT: Siapapun yang mengatakan Berlian adalah abadi...belum pernah dicoba memotong Adamantium sebelumnya! The translation in datum number 203 belongs to the unacceptable category since the message of the source text is not conveyed well in the target text. The source text is inappropriately translated, for instance the past tense word tried is translated into passive voice in the target text dicoba. The raters recommend the translation of sentence Never tried cuttin Adamantium with em! into belum pernah mencoba memotong Adamantium sebelumnya! rather than belum pernah

63 digilib.uns.ac.id 59 dicoba memotong Adamantium sebelumnya! The researcher supports to the raters that the translation needs restructuring. The translator should pay attention to the translation of tenses. Example /768/MJ/2009 ST: Yep! It works! TT: Ya, dia bekerja! The translation of datum number 270 is classified into unacceptable. The translator translates the subject it into dia while it is a thing (in the story it is a tracer). The suggestion for the word it is translated into alat pelacaknya or alat itu it will be more acceptable rather than dia bekerja. The researcher has the same opinion with the raters that the translator has to be clear and exact in translating the personal pronoun The Readability of the Translation Based on the table of readability above, from 308 data, 278 data (90.3%) are categorized in classification C.1 or readable translation, 30 data (9.7%) are

64 digilib.uns.ac.id 60 categorized into classification C.2 or less readable translation, and 0 data (0%) are categorized into classification C.3 or unreadable translation Classification C.1 (Readable) This category includes the data of which are considered to be readable translation. The reader fully understands the meaning of the translation of the text conveyed by the translator. The data are classified into readable translation since the readers can understand them after reading it once. There are 278 data (90.3%). Some of the data are presented below: Example /679/ET/2009 ST: No matter what, I m glad you re okay. TT: Aku tak peduli (yang penting) aku senang kau baik-baik saja. The translation is considered to be a readable translation. The respondents are easy to catch the message contained in the translation and do not have any difficulties dealing with this translation. The translator chooses the word which is easily understood by the target reader and gives additional words in parenthesis yang penting to make the expression clearer and more understandable.

65 digilib.uns.ac.id 61 Example /701/PP/2009 ST: Why did my spider sense tingle when I walked past that guy? TT: Mengapa sensor Spider-manku berbunyi ketika aku berpapasan dengan lakilaki itu? The translation of datum number 122 is readable since the respondents can understand the message of the sentence easily. According to their assessment, the researcher thinks that they did not have any problem in understanding the translation. Example /702/WV/2009 ST: Aw,c mon, Wolverine don t get paranoid. TT: Ayolah Wolverine, jangan ketakutan gitu. The respondents do not have any difficulties dealing with this translation. It means that the datum number 125 commit is readable to user translation. The researcher agrees

66 digilib.uns.ac.id 62 with the translator to adapts the term paranoid into ketakutan and the sentence Aw,c mon, Wolverine into Ayolah Wolverine. It makes the sentence easy to understand. Example /767/SM/2009 ST: But with my Spider strength, I can still handle them! And now nothing can get in the way of our showdown! TT: Tapi dengan kekuatan Spiderku, aku masih bisa melawannya! Dan sekarang, tak ada lagi yang menghalangi pertarungan kita! The translation of datum number 264 belongs to the category of readable. The respondents catch the message contained in the translation easily and do not have any difficulties dealing with this translation. Example /768/MJ/2009 ST: But Peter gave me a tracer attuned commit to to his user own DNA.

67 digilib.uns.ac.id 63 TT: Tapi Peter memberiku pelacak yang terhubung langsung dengan DNA-nya The datum above is considered to be readable translation since the respondents can understand the message easily. Actually, there is a scientific term DNA, but the readers have been familiar with the term. DNA is the abbreviation of deoxyribonucleic acid, which means DNA is the blue print of the whole activities of organism cells. This loan term is more familiar than the meaning itself Classification C.2 (Less Readable) The data are classified into less readable since the translation can be understood after being read twice. It means that the translation is more difficult to be understood by the target reader. There are 30 data (9.7%). Some of the data are presented below: Example /678/ES/2009 ST: You used your powers to become a criminal when you could ve been a hero TT: Kau menggunakan kekuatanmu untuk tindakan kriminal dimana seharusnya kau bisa menjadi pahlawan The translation of this datum belongs to less readable classification. One of the respondents has a problem with the phrase untuk tindakan kriminal. The researcher assumes that the problem commit above to user emerge because of the diction of the

68 digilib.uns.ac.id 64 translation is not proper. The researcher suggests change the phrase into untuk menjadi penjahat/seorang penjahat than untuk tindakan kriminal. Thus, the translation will be Kau menggunakan kekuatanmu untuk menjadi penjahat dimana seharusnya kau bisa menjadi pahlawan Example /698/PP/2009 ST: I couldn t let that nosy neighbor keep questioning me. TT: Aku tak bisa membiarkan tetangga reseh itu terus bertanya-tanya padaku. The translation of datum above is categorized into less readable translation. Based on the previous dialogue the respondents stated that the phrase terus bertanya-tanya padaku is confusing them. The researcher argues that it will be more readable if it is translated into terus menanyaiku than terus bertanya-tanya padaku. Example /761/ DO/2009

69 digilib.uns.ac.id 65 ST: How can you offer me a piece of your adamantium claws When nothing can break them off?!! TT: Bagaimana caranya kau memberikan aku bagian dari cakarmu kalau cakarcakar itu tidak dapat dipotong??!!! The translation belongs to less readable translation. The respondents found a difficulty to understand the sentence Bagaimana caranya kau memberikan aku bagian dari cakarmu. The researcher suggests to translate the sentence into Bagaimana caranya kau bisa memberiku sepotong cakarmu it is easier to be understood by the target reader than Bagaimana caranya kau memberikan aku bagian dari cakarmu. Example /724/SM/2009 ST: Well, Wolverine, was our fight with Doc Ock worth your trip to New York? TT: Well, Wolverine, perkelahian kita tadi dengan Doc Ock sepadan dengan perjalananmu ke New York? The translation of this datum is categorized into less readable translation. The respondents found the difficulties dealing with the meaning of Well and the interrogative sentence was our fight commit with to Doc user Ock worth your trip to New York?

70 digilib.uns.ac.id 66 that sounds unnatural and confusing. It is clear that that the translation above is interrogative sentence but the translator does not translate fully so it is confusing for the target readers. According to the researcher, it is clear that the translator translates it into apakah perkelahian kita tadi dengan Doc Ock sepadan dengan perjalananmu ke New York? It will be more understandable since it shows that the source text is an interrogative sentence. Besides that, the translator should provide the translation for the word Well. The researcher suggests the word Well will be better if it translated into Baiklah or Oke. Example /775/DO/2009 ST: Either use your super strength to slice off one of Wolverine s claws or else! TT: Jadi, antara kau gunakan kekuatan supermu untuk memotong cakar Wolverine atau perempuan ini! The translation above is also less readable. The use of the word antara in the translated text makes the target reader hardly understand it. The researcher suggests the translator to change the translation into Jadi, kau akan menggunakan kekuatan supermu untuk memotong cakar Wolverine atau perempuan ini! It is more understandable rather than Jadi, antara kau gunakan kekuatan supermu untuk memotong cakar Wolverine atau commit perempuan to user ini!