Student Workbook. printable music lesson plans. World Music. Copyright 2008 The Fun Music Company Pty Ltd

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1 Student Workbook printable music lesson plans World Music Copyright 2008 The Fun Music Company Pty Ltd

2 1 What is World Music? Fact Sheet If you re wondering just what in the world is World Music, don t worry or stress - it s not a mystery, it s just a term we use. World Music or global music, is music from all over the planet, right? Well, you would be correct, except it usually doesn t include any music that would fit on a regular Top 40 pop chart. The term World Music was coined by an e named Robert Brown. He developed college programs of study about World Music, and organized a concert series with visiting performers from Africa and Asia. In 1982, France initiated World Music Day ( Fête de la Musique ) which would continue on June 21st of every year to the present day. But it didn t really take off until June 29, 1987, when a group of got together. They were meeting because they were trying to deal with the unexpected surge in non-english language recordings. These label execs were having a difficult time finding rack space in their stores for new releases from Latin American, Asian, African, and other international artists. They needed to develop a catchy generic, umbrella name for this music, and launch a marketing campaign. With a show of hands, World Music was officially born as a genre, and October 1987 was designated World Music Month! Paul Simon had released the album G in 1986 which was a huge success and featured artists from southern Africa, including L B M. Partly as a result of this success and the work of Peter Gabriel and Johnny Clegg among others, more and more world artists were venturing into the African vocal group, Ladysmith Black Mambaso spotlight of the music business. Support for the best performers came from their labels, the new World Music distribution category, DJs providing airplay, compilation cassettes, festival organizations like (W of M, A, and D, founded by Peter Gabriel), and fans from their native countries and the world stage. What exactly is World Music, then? Well, to most people, it s just plain music---that is, the familiar, everyday music that they hear in their neighborhoods and places like local restaurants. The term World Music covers an amazing variety of sounds and styles. Some of it is music that incorporates sounds of traditional instruments, and some is more. Some may also incorporate scales that are non-western, using unusual tunings. Some World Music is simply V music, some solely I. Other types of World Music have a cutting-edge pop sound, sometimes using contemporary instruments such as keyboards and guitars. A famous African world musician,youssou N Dour once said that instruments don t have a nationality, only musicians... Because some instruments are traditional in certain cultures, when they are used in combination with modern instruments in contemporary genres, the style is considered to be. It is this crossover music that has become especially popular in England and America. Some of the labels refer to this influence of Latin, African, Celtic, hip hop, pop, jazz, and reggae, among many other beats and styles as World Beat, and they display the music separately from World Music. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 1

3 1 What is World Music? fun sheet World Music Puzzler Unscramble each of the clue words. Copy the letters in the numbered cells to other cells with the same number. Clues 1 The famous album that Ladysmith Black Mambazo sang with Paul Simon. 2 A worldwide festival organization 3 Around the world 4 World music is sometimes called traditional or music. 5 One type of event that helps to promote World Music 6 Music that uses combinations of traditional and modern instruments and styles 7 The founder of World of Music, Arts, and Dance 8 A group that worked with Paul Simon on Graceland 9 An artist who helped to promote World Music 10 A type or style of music 1 LEGCAANRD 2 MOWDA 3 LOBGAL 4 HITCEN 5 SITSEAFVL 6 CEROSOSROV 7 REPTE GEBAILR 8 SAUAVK 9 NYNHOJ GCLEG 10 NRGEE What do you call someone who makes a career of studying music from other cultures? Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 1

4 2 African Music Fact Sheet Have you ever seen the movie or the musical called The Lion King? African Music had a significant impact on the creation of the film and Musical The Lion King which is a blend of traditional African tribal music together with Western modern culture. Songs such as The Circle Of Life and He lives in You are a mixture of the South Africian Zulu language with English lyrics. Africa is the largest, and the second most populated continent on our planet. It has a population of over, contains countries, is home to the world s largest and more than languages are spoken throughout the whole continent. To give you an idea about how important music and dance are in Africa, most languages there don t even have separate words for music or dance. The arts are part of the way all people express themselves every day. Music and Culture in Africa has been passed down from generation to generation. Playing drums made from (now known as drum language or drum talk ) was a language that was used to communicate with each other over long distances. So there is no suprise that language and music generally have very close connections in many African cultures. Today, Drum Talk may be used as part of ceremonies which include dance and story telling and use drums such as for these purposes. Besides using the voice, African musical instruments include a wide range of drums, rattles, double bells as well as melodic instruments like string instruments, (musical bows, different types of harps and harp-like instruments such as the as well as fiddles), many types of xylophone and lamellophone like the (also known as the thumb piano), and different types of wind instruments like flutes and trumpets. Drums used in African traditional music include s and in West Africa, W Drums in Central and West Africa, and different types of N Drums (or engoma) in Central and Southern Africa, and the (two small maracas). There are also lots of other types of drums, flutes, stringed instruments, and wind instruments used throughout the whole of Africa. Infact, many modern instruments, such as flute, double reed, trumpet-type horns, stringed instruments and percussion of all kinds can trace their roots back to Africa. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 2

5 2 African Music fun sheet Crossword Clues ACROSS 3 Another name for ngoma drums 4 A drum is played with a crook shaped stick 6 African name for a thumb piano 7 gong can also be called a log drum. 10 Africa is home to the worlds largest 11 The most well-known West African drum DOWN 1 Family of instruments 2 drums come from Central and Southern Africa 5 Harp like instrument 8 There are over different languages spoken in Africa 9 Woodwind instrument with roots in Africa Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 2

6 3 Indonesian Gamelan Fact Sheet Indonesia has a long and rich history of music which can be traced back to the third century. It is a mix of Indian, Arabian and Asian styles and uses many different types of instruments which gives it its unique sound which can be very foreign sounding to Western ears. Because the nation is made up of over 17,000 islands, there are of different styles of music, but the most important and popular World Music style to come out of Indonesia is called G. There are several styles which come from different Indonesian Islands, but the most common styles are from J and it s neighboring island of B. In indonesian, the word gamelan means to or and is an ensemble of approximately fifteen mostly metallic percussion instruments with gong or bell like sounds. It is an integral part of any important Indonesian ritual or ceremony such as weddings, birthdays and funerals, meditation, cleansing rituals and social community events. It is also the music which accompanies the traditional form of puppet theatre in Indonesia called W. The instruments of the gamelan are built and tuned to a specific scale and each gamelan set only plays in scale. Each gamelan has an individual and authentic sound to it and is tuned to either a five note scale called or a seven note scale called a. In the middle of the ensemble are the main melody instruments which are called the. This section of the ensemble includes bronze metallphones called and. The balungan(main melody) is punctuated by the larger gongs called the and The horizontally-mounted gongs are called the kenong, kethuk and kempyang at the back of the gamelan. The front section of the ensemble embellish the main melody and includes instruments such as the (a collection of small gongs mounted on a frame), and (multi octave metallophone). The whole gamelan is co-ordinated by the drummer in the centre of the ensemble, playing a selection of (double-headed drums). Gamelan music is often or in nature which means the same rhythms and melodies are often used over again and again and are indicated by the strikes of the gong. Some people believe that the Gamelan can lead the mind into a deep trance and help with meditation. When the famous composer Claude D first heard Gamelan music at a world fair in 1889, he spent hours listening to it, transcribing melodies and examining the instruments and their tunings. After he heard this style of music, he used a whole tone scale for the first time and used this idea in his own compositions from this time on. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 3

7 3 Indonesian Gamelan fun sheet Crossword ACROSS 6 A large gong 7 Indonesian word for the melody instruments in the Gamelan 8 A famous composer influenced by the Gamelan 9 Indonesian word for a xylophone 11 Indonesian word for a traditional form of puppet theatre DOWN 1 Each set of gamelan plays only one 2 A bamboo flute in Indonesian 3 The most popular form of traditional music from Indonesia 4 An island in Indonesia, and famous tourist destination 5 A type of stringed fiddle 6 An Indonesian word for double-headed drums 10 A collection of small gongs mounted on a frame Matching Draw a line between the picture of each of the instruments of the gamelan on the left and its name to the right: Kempul Kenong Saron Slenthem Kendhang Find a Word A W K C J P X U O O R J E A K K N H E W O K W R L A C I D R R B G J C E G E T V Y S T V O N A Z K L A H N A L E M A G N I L T E L T K R U N L H S Z C L I L I I U F N O F L U T E O O E R Z U K N D E Y T I J S N I P K J K G N G P N Z Y Y W G V E V G G I G K M U R D P K I X Y L O P H O N E N J B C N Q P R I V Q Y S M G J U D I K B P R S H O X Y C Q N H A N C F Q R S J P W Y H Y S O K K I M J X B A T B Y N E A M G W M K ANGKLUNG JAVA BALI KECAK DRUM KRONCONG FLUTE UKELELE GAMELAN VIOLIN GONG XYLOPHONE GUITAR ZITHER Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 3

8 4 Chinese Music Fact Sheet China is huge and ancient. It is the biggest country in the world and is approximately nine million kilometers in size. Its civilization is at least 4,000 years old. Just like it would take more than a lifetime to explore every nook and cranny of China s cities and countryside, it would take an eternity to hear every musical piece and style from its rich culture. There are over 100 musical instruments from China. Here are some examples: a woodwind folk instrument originally from the north of China. Similar to an, it has a double reed and a long body. At the end is a large bell opening, just like that of a trumpet. This is a folk instrument that originated in eastern China at least 1000 years ago, and is a bowed instrument with two strings. It is also referred to as the or fiddle. Unlike a violin however, the musician holds the base of the instrument up on her thigh. (called luo in Chinese) These originated in the southern part of China, an area that traditionally combined folk musical instruments with dance. For example, the dragon dance, accompanied by these instruments along with drums and cymbals came from this part of the country. At least 30 types of them have been developed in China. This is a classical instrument at least 3,000 years old. It is a seven string instrument that is plucked as it lies across the player s lap. is referred to as the Chinese. This classical instrument is 2,000 years old and was also originally played by the elite and educated. The wooden body of the instrument is pear-shaped, has four strings and anywhere from 12 to 26 frets. The player holds it diagonally across his torso as he plucks the strings. In the 1920s, the genre of Shidaiqu arose. It was a fusion of jazz from the West and folk music from China. Shidaiqu was considered the most popular style of music in the country from the 20s until the end of the 40s. became the leader of the People s Republic of China in During his reign Popular music was. It, along with folk music, was denounced and replaced with revolutionary songs that were often played with large-scale orchestras. Since Mao s death in 1979, pop, rap, rock, metal and other forms of modern music have slowly evolved and traditional music has been revived. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 4

9 4 Chinese Music fun sheet Chinese Characters Try writing the names of each instrument in Chinese characters three times. (The name in English alphabet letters is written in pinyin to demonstrate how the characters are pronounced). Erhu Sheng Guqin Pipa Chinese Proverb Fill in the missing letters to read the complete Chinese proverb. Use the clues that include cardinal directions to determine some letters and guess the most probable for the other gaps. North means going up a column and south means going down. East means going right along a row and west means going left. T S E W H H A O T H E M S I H N T E D A E R A C south of A and west of a black square N east of A and north of nothing K east of N and north of E E north of I T west of H and north of D O north of T and west of S M west of A and south of E U east of M and west of S H east of T and north of O S south of T and west of a black square D south of black square, west of black square, north of nothing Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 4

10 5 Indian Music Fact Sheet When you think of India, usually the Taj Mahal, women with red dots on their foreheads and really spicy food come to mind. But one of the most distinctive characteristics of India is its music. Indian music has been a cultural icon for centuries, from as early as the dark ages and remains so to this day. During the which began in 1526, the continent of India was ruled by kings and monarchy. The tradition of playing music in courtyards to entertain royalty became very popular. Indian music tends to go on for a, so while the royal families would sit for hours eating and relaxing, the music would play on. Since then, the basic sound of traditional Indian music has not changed. Some of the key instruments used in Indian music include: The S. This is the most famous Indian instrument known to western countries. The instrument is made of hollow wood with a long neck. There are in total between and strings, but only or are playable, as the others are below the frets. The others vibrate when the instrument is played to give it a distinctive sound. Unlike the guitar which has only one, there are bridges on the instrument, creating two sets of tones simultaneously giving it a unique and interesting sound.to play it, you sit cross-legged on the floor, overlap your right leg and support the instrument as you play it. Learning this instrument can be pretty challenging since traditional sheet music is not used. The T are a pair of hand drums with contrasting sizes and timbres and made of wood, metal or leather. The player tunes the tabla to by tightening the straps with cylindrical wooden blocks. The B is a hollow bamboo flute with six finger holes and one blow hole. Controlling your breath is the way to master playing this instrument, it s almost like imitating your voice through your breath. The S is a double-reed instrument which has a sound very similar to an oboe, but with a much higher pitch. It is made of wood with a metal flared bell on the end. Indian people use a system called a R to play their music. Each one has a name and usually a special time of the day or of the season when it is best played, depending on the mood it projects. Indian music and culture has influenced many Rock and contemporary artists, who incorporated elements of Indian music in their songs. One such band is the who were the first big pop group to use it. Indian music is highlighted in their songs like L Y T_ (1966) and W Y, W Y (1967). Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 5

11 5 Indian Music fun sheet Name matching Unscramble the names of these Indian instruments, then draw a line to match the names to their pictures below: NAHSHEI BATAL SABNIRU TASIR Crossword 2 Indian hand drums 4 Guitar like instrument with 21 to 23 strings 5 Time when India was ruled by kings and monarchy 6 A famous Indian building 7 A band who incorporated the sitar in some songs 9 Famous Indian sitar player 10 Double reed instrument with flared bell DOWN 1 Bamboo flute used in Indian music 3 Famous Indian tabla player 8 System of playing Indian music Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 5

12 6 Irish Music Fact Sheet For many people Irish music was a relatively unknown type of music until 1981 when a musical called Riverdance became a phenomenon and brought new light to the style. What makes Irish music so unique? The old world style instruments that are quick-paced and move so fast you can barely tell if there are two or ten playing. Here are the instruments most commonly used by Irish musicians: Traditional, hand-held keyboard instrument that is played with the pressure of pushing keys while squeezing the bellows. This five, and sometimes four or six-string instrument has the signature flat, drum-like back and long neck, and is played using a pick and in a fast plucking style. Until the 1960s, this was uniquely a Greek instrument. However, when a newer version was developed with a flat back and wider body, a design that was unique to Irish music was born. Its strings are played in a fast motion but in the same way as a guitar or mandolin. This open, framed drum can be anywhere from 10 to 26 in diameter and is held vertically in the players lap. Its surface is made of goatskin, which needs to be tuned as the weather changes. The player keeps her hand inside the back of it to control the drum s pitch. A smaller version of the violin, this is an instrument commonly used in Irish and European music. Usually played very fast, it requires intense concentration and coordination. Most Irish music includes this instrument, usually a smaller version that sits on the knee. Their frames are made of ash, cherry, mahogany, maple or walnut wood. Traditional ones used strings made of wires, which created a signature bell sound. Modern instriuments usually use nylon or gut strings. Gut strings are made of the natural fibers that come from animal intestines. Much like the Scottish instrument, the irish version uses bellows to pump air into the bag and has several more enhancements. The canter, a simple flute-like extension that has keys played by the musician; several drones which are pipes designed to output continuous low tones; and regulators extra pipes that can play chords. are heard in almost all Irish tunes, but usually the old-style flute made of a single piece of wood with some holes is the preferred kind. are a very simple version of flutes and are made with a single tin pipe with six holes and a mouthpiece. The sound they make is a lot rougher than the sound made by a flute. The acoustic can be heard in a lot of Irish music but usually in the background filling out the chords with fast strumming patterns. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 6

13 6 Irish Music fun sheet Irish Music Crossword ACROSS 2 The instrument with 6 strings used mainly to fill in the background and chords 5 What part of the animal does a gut string come from? 7 Music group The Corrs are all related to each other.. how? they are 9 Most irish b have specific meaning behind them 12 Players place their hand inside the drum to control its 13 From the name of an instrument, this word means elbow in Irish Gaelic 15 The name of the extra pipes that play chords on a uillean pipe 16 Traditional Irish song: God Save 17 Irish music gained mainstream popularity after this performance 18 The fiddle is played in many countries DOWN 1 Bouzouki s strings are played like a guitar or a 3 The harp version used in Irish tunes is played by resting on the 4 A smaller version of an accordion 6 The main difference between a fiddle and a violin is that the fiddle is 8 Before it was adapted, it was Greek 9 This instrument has a flat, drum like back and a long neck. 10 What nickname can be given to the Accordion? 11 The part of the body that primarily moves during traditional Irish dance 14 The bodhrán s surface is made of this Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 6

14 7 Turkish Music Fact Sheet When you look at Turkey on a world map, it looks like a bridge holding the Eastern and Western countries together. This is certainly reflected in its music today. Turkey s music is a real mix of Western and Eastern culture and its roots come from very rich traditions which have spanned back for over three thousand years. Some of the traditional stringed instruments in Turkey include the (played like a guitar), which can be called. While it might look like a guitar its sound and method of playing is very different, as it has a completely different tuning scale to that used in Western music. Bowed Instruments from Turkey include the. This is a small violin like instrument, that is played in an upright position like a cello. If sitting it is played resting on the knee, and if standing it is held infront of the player, like a clarinet. Wind instruments include, which is an end blown flute that is featured prominently in a lot of Middle Eastern music. Made from cane or reed, it is one of the oldest musicial instruments still in use, dating back years. Another common wind instrument is, which is similar to an oboe. Percussion instruments in include the (bass drum), (a goblet shaped drum), (tambourine) and (wooden spoons). Most Turkish music uses a rhythm structure known as. This is what westerners would refer to as complex time signatures such as 5/8, 7/8 and 9/8. Most western and modern pop/rock is in standard time signatures such as 4/4, so at first Turkish music may seem difficult, but once the ear is used to it the rhythm is felt as easily as 4/4 time. Turkish music is built on scale like structures called a. These are types of scales which produce different desired effects such as cheerfulness, power, sensitivity and honesty to the music. It is believed that music in Turkey has healing powers. Great Classical composers such as Haydn and Mozart were fascinated with Turkish music back in the eighteenth century. Haydn wrote his Military Symphony to include Turkish instruments and Mozart played tribute to Turkish music in his Sonata in A major with his famous Ronda Alla Turca. In the 1960s the jazz musician Dave Brubeck wrote his Blue Rondo á la Turk as a tribute to Mozart and Turkish music. Turkish influence introduced the cymbals, bass drum and bells into the symphony orchestra, where they still remain. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 7

15 7 Turkish Music fun sheet 1 Find Turkey Look up Turkey in an atlas and colour the location of turkey on this map 2 Wandering Turkish Instruments Find the names of the Turkish instruments in this letter grid. When moving from letter to letter, you may move in any direction (even diagonally), but the squares must be touching and you may not use a letter more than once in a single word. Write the list of numbers for each word to show the path you took Z U V A D S A L R N U T K K A V A R K E A K E A B A Y M A M E K G L A S I S N F A N K P I C H E T 49 Featured Words TURKEY BAGLAMA KEMENCHE ZURNA KAVAL SIPSI MEY AKASK NAGARA TEF KASIK DAVUL Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 7

16 8 European Folk Music Fact Sheet music is the traditional style of song of the common people. It is not the music of Emperors or Kings and Queens, but it is the music of the average Joe. At some point in the song s history, it may have been sung or played at weddings or other occasions, to children, among workers doing manual labour or on ship journeys. Usually the original composers of these tunes are not known and the song has been passed down through many generations, and are symbolic of a people s. Europe is made up of a slew of countries and ethnicities. Within each culture lies an array of musical folklore, so just imagine that you re taking a tour of Europe as you read about these main cultures and countries outlined. When you hear the term music, you may already know that these refer to the folk songs of Ireland and Scotland. But this musical style is actually a lot bigger than just those two countries. It also extends to Wales, Cornwall (in southwest England), the Isle of Man, Brittany (in northwest France) and Galicia (in northwest Spain). Although each region has its own distinctive style, instruments such as the b, the wooden f, the f, the t w and the p a are all common instruments in this style. Now let s travel to an area that crosses the France-Spain border. One unique tradition of B music is called bertsolaritza, where singers make up words on the spot to folk tunes. We continue our journey eastward, to the Alps. In the mountainous region of Germany, Switzerland, Austria and northern Italy exists A folk music. Folk music in this region is characterized by a style of singing called y and instruments such as the a, h, strings and the, which is a sixmetre long wooden horn. Now we voyage to the southeast of Europe to the region of Romania, Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, and Greece. These countries share a B Folk Music tradition where Turkey and Hungary are also sometimes included. The folk style is a fusion of Middle Eastern, Eastern European and Gypsy music. Resuming our trip to the eastern-most portion of Europe, we explore countries such as Georgia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Moldavia, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. This is refered to as European Folk Music and also tends to include Hungary, Turkey and sometimes the Balkan region. Finally let s travel north to Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Iceland and experience Folk Music. Here you ll find a style of dancing called the polska (not to be confused with polka) and circle folk dances. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 8 - page 1

17 8 European Folk Music Fact Sheet Here are some common Instrument families that commonly occur in European folk music: are multi-stringed instruments that usually lie across the musician s lap. They are played as part of Slovenian, Austrian, Hungarian, Croatian, Estonian, Hungarian, southern German and Austrian folk music. In some of these countries the dulcimer, a three or four-stringed zither, is played. Most European folk music incorporates other stringed instruments such as the v or f. are stringed instruments with necks and pear-shaped bodies. Musicians play lutes through plucking the strings. A long-necked lute called a bouzouki is played in Greece and Ireland; in Albania it is called a buzuk. Another long-necked lute called the tamburica is played in Austria and Croatia. In Bosnia and Serbia, another long-neck called sargija is played and a higher-pitched lute called the mandolin is played in Spain, Italy, Lithuania and other countries. are a major component of Celtic music in Brittany, Cornwall, Ireland and Scotland and also in Austria and Norway. Other folk stringed instruments include the in Holland, Spain, Portugal, Lithuania and other countries; the - in Brittany, Sweden and Hungary, which is an instrument played by cranking a rosined wheel against the strings; the, a one-stringed instrument played in Bosnia, Montenegro, Croatia and Serbia; and many, many many more. are not just a part of Celtic folk music. Different shapes and sounds characterize them all around Europe. The gaida form is played in Bulgaria, the doedelzak in Holland, the Northumbrian smallpipe in England, the dankiyo in Greece, the koziol in Poland, the sackpipa in Sweden and the bodega in France. They are also played as part of Hungarian, Bosnian, Czech and Estonian folk music. W abound in European folk music. The c is especially important in Balkan, Basque and Gypsy music. A variety of f are played across the continent, from the koncovka in Slovakia, a wooden flute without finger holes, to the three-holed pipe, called the xirula, played in the Basque region. Accordions are played as part of northern, southern, eastern and western European folk music. Also a diatonic button accordion called a trikitixa is played in the Basque region. Concerntinas are smaller instruments which are similar to accordions and are also used in European Folk Music. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 8 - page 2

18 8 European Folk Music fun sheet Crack the Code Crack the code by first solving clues based on what you learned in the fact sheet. Once you start determining the letters that match the symbols, you can solve harder clues. EXAMPLE: Folk music of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Brittany. C E L T I C A six-metre long wooden horn played in the Alps. The traditional songs of the common people are called songs. An area that crosses the Francespain border A stringed instrument played lying across the musicians lap A type of stringed instrument This woodwind instrument appears a lot in European folk music Another name for a violin A long-necked lute played in Albania. A one-stringed instrument played in Bosnia: What is the name of a traditional English folk ballad?,, Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 8

19 9 Spanish Music Fact Sheet When you think of Spanish music, you usually think of guitars, a great looking man and woman dancing in a fiery way with lots of clapping. But there is a lot more to Spanish music than guitar strings strumming and fast-paced dance. Since Spanish is the language of Latin American countries, this music genre goes beyond just the borders of Spain. Originating in Southern Spain, this is the most widely recognized form of Spanish music (and dance) in the world. With three forms, (the song), (the dance) and (guitar playing), the many forms of this traditional Spanish art vary according to region. As many as eighty styles exist, with the most prevalent aspects being the signature rhythmic, and arm movements while using. T - Another famous spanish dance style, this is the most complex of all Spanish music genres. The music features key instruments: violin, piano, double bass, clarinet and flute. With its dancing it is a very dramatic style of music. T The lightest and most whimsical of Spanish music types with its classic accordion and festive beat, it is prevalent in Mexico. Lately the music has been infused with synthesizers to modernize the sound. Z A very unique form of operetta, this is a combination of music (singing) and dialogue presented in what is usually a one-act theatre setting. B N A gentle style of music that is usually without percussion, originating from Brazil. Typically the instruments used in this form of Spanish music are piano and guitar. L J A Caribbean style of music that features African rhythms with conga drums but no heavy bass beat. This music is almost nothing like American jazz, which is often driven by bass lines. S Prevalent largely in Cuba and also Puerto Rico, it is a popular complement to dance music and highlights African rhythms with Spanish tempo and influence. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 9

20 9 Spanish Music fun sheet Spanish Music Word Search a l e u z r a z a o l f l a m e n c o a d g b b s t n l g b j a n a a t r i n b o f n i i t e j a n o s a c p l l n t p o j s c i p e i a i s u l a d n a n l t e c a n n z g l n g s a s t a o a z c s a a r e b n v g t c i o c g u i t a r r a Define the Spanish Styles tango tejano zarzuela bossanova latin jazz salsa andalusia flamenco spain cante baile guitarra castanets clapping dancing Match up the name of the style on the left with its description on the right Tango Tejano A Caribbean influenced style that features conga drums A dramatic style of Spanish music featuring a fiery dance style Salsa A unique form of Spanish operetta Latin Jazz The most well known form of Spanish music, featuring guitars, castanets & dancing Zarzuela A gentle style of music that originates from Brazil, and uses piano and guitar Bossa Nova A light and whimsical Spanish style featuring the accordion Flamenco A style prevalent in Cuba and Puerto Rico with lots of Spanish influence Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 9

21 10 Calypso Music Fact Sheet The most popular musical style among the West Indies is called. This style of music, which started in this region in 1789, originates from African slaves who were brought on out to the islands in over 200 years ago. Forbidden from speaking to one another, the slaves sang songs to communicate and often used the lyrics to mock their slave masters. Eventually, it evolved as a way to spread news and was considered by the people to be the most reliable news source. To this day, lyrics in this style include gossip, scandal, politics and local news. Just as songs in this style came from poor and humble beginnings, so did the instruments. The most intriguing and popular instrument of calypso today is the, sometimes more correctly known as the. Between the 1930s and 1945 during the Second World War, money was scarce so biscuit tins, hubcaps and empty oil drums became a new sort of drum where different sounds could be made on the lid by hammering the surface. Legend has it the first steel pan drum was made as a result of a cricket game on a street which caused a in an aluminum bin lid. The dent in the lid was knocked out with a hammer and it was realized that each blow of the hammer caused a different sound. Dents of various shapes and sizes were continued to be made right around the lid so before long a scale emerged and tunes could be played on a garbage can! Using a garbage can to make these instruments was not suitable at the time because the metal was too and they were hard to find. So as the war came and went, loads of empty s were left throughout the West Indies by the US Forces, plus this region produces oil, so it became easy to get hold of them. Fifty-five gallon oil drums became the ideal material for making a steel pan. To make a steel pan, the bottom of the oil drum was pounded out with a sledge hammer which is a process still refered to as. The notes were then marked out with chalk and with several kinds of smaller hammers the notes were moulded into the surface of the pan. Today the process remains the same except sometimes is used instead of a drum to achieve better note accuracy, however the notes are still often manually crafted. Musicians who play the steel pan play it with very ended mallets as any extra denting to the pan can damage the tuning of the instrument. Over the years since the beginning of the steel pan, many different types and sizes have evolved. A group of steel pan musicians playing the various sizes and timbres is called a. This type of ensemble has become popular in jazz and pop music fusion since the 1960s. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 10

22 10 Calypso Music fun sheet Steel pan layout Although there are a variety of tuning systems and layouts used for the steel pan, one very common system used is the cycle of fifths. Use the cycle of fifths to write the names of the rest of the notes in this steel pan layout drawing. Ab E b F # C # E C D D F C G C G Crossword ACROSS 4 A group of musicians playing steel drums 5 The more correct name for the steel drum 7 The most popular music style of the Caribbean 8 Famous musician of Jamacian descent 9 One of the most well-known countries of the Caribbean DOWN 1 What steel pans are made from 2 Another famous musical style which came from the Caribbean 3 The island where the steel pan originated 4 A melodic instrument made from a 44-gallon drum 6 Tool used to sink the bowl of a steel drum Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 10

23 11 Japanese Music Fact Sheet Music plays an important role in Japanese culture. The Japanese word for music is, which translated means sound-happiness. At least genres of traditional Japanese music exist. The genre is not only defined by the instruments used or the songs sung, but by the of the instruments or voices involved, or the colour of music. Two voices or instruments can play the same notes and the same volume but have a different timbre or quality of sound. Japan also has a rich tradition of folk music. Songs vary depending on whether they are played for a ceremony (Japan s oldest religion), a festival, by workers or children. They often incorporate singing with instruments and dancing. Examples of traditional Japanese instruments include: This is a wooden, stringed zither. It was introduced from China and is at least 2,000 years old. It has 13 strings, although some models have more. It is Japan s official instrument and was played in court music (gagaku), folk music and continues to be played today. This is one of the most well-known traditional Japanese instruments. It is a three-stringed instrument with an elongated neck and square shaped base. If you have never seen one of these energetic drum performances, stop what you re doing and watch this Japanese art form right now. The drums are barrel shaped and made of trees at least 200 years old; the trees are cured for 50 years before being transformed into the percussion instrument. A performance involves choreography, muscle power and intense rhythms. This is a bamboo flute. It was played as part of folk songs and by Zen Buddhist monks. Its uplifting, natural sound continues to be popular all around the world. Music in Japan often is associated with performance. is a form of musical theatre that originated in the 14th century. Performers wear ornate masks and are accompanied by taiko and other percussion and woodwind instruments. A century later, was created. This is a world-renowned musical theatre where men play the parts of both male and female characters and wear elaborate costumes and make-up. Finally, a musical puppet theatre style called originated in the 19th century. The puppets and the puppet masters are like none other found in the world. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 11

24 11 Japanese Music fun sheet Unscramble & Match Unscramble the following names of Japanese instruments, and then draw a line to their picture. KIOAT MESHNISA TOOK KIHAHUACSH Crossword ACROSS 1 A wooden, stringed zither 3 Performers wear these in Japanese musical theatre 5 A three-stringed instrument with a square base 7 Japanese word for music 9 Japanese puppet theatre 10 The period when Japanese music styles were first documented 11 Japan s Oldest Religion DOWN 1 Japanese musical theatre where men play both male and female roles 2 The colour of music or quality of sound 4 A form of musical theatre that originated in the 14th century 6 A Japanese bamboo flute 8 Traditional Japanese drums Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 11

25 12 Cuban Music Fact Sheet What would happen if you took a little bit of Africa, mixed it with a lot of Spain and spiced it up with bits of European and American folk music styles? The result would be Cuban music. Some of the most popular forms of World Music comes from Cuba and its surrounding areas, home to many of the styles which have become so popular in the Western world. In the dance halls of the 1930s and 40s people discovered the infectious rhythms that made this music so popular and danceable, and that is true today, with Cuban music forming the basis of many dance forms. While regular Spanish guitars are used extensively in Cuban music, one interesting instrument found in Cuban music is the, or Cuban guitar. While this may look like a normal guitar with six strings, it actually has groups of strings that are tuned together. The major difference between the tres and the guitar is the playing style: you almost play chords on a Tres. It is played like a, playing repeated rhythmic patterns between the three strings. One of the most important percussion instruments to be found in cuban music is the. They are two short and fat sticks, made from rosewood or other hardwood. One is held in the hand and hit with the other. They are used to play a simple five-stroke pattern that is the core of many Cuban rhythms. are another important percussion instrument, which came from Cuban music. There are two drums of different sizes: the larger being called in Spanish (female) and the smaller (male). Played with the the bongos traditionally would be held between the. Other drums associated with Cuban music include the drums and less well known is the drum. One of the most popular and important styles in Cuban music is, which is the foundation for many of the other styles. It can be said that the Son is to Cuba what the tango is to Spain, and the samba is to Brazil. Other musical styles which are generally attributed to Cuban origins include c, r, b, c -c -c, m and s. Mixing in other musical styles such as hip-hop, jazz and rock is also not uncommon in Cuban music. Cuba s musical climate, based in its African and European roots, continues to influence other musical styles throughout the world today. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 12

26 12 Cuban Music fun sheet Cuban Word Patch Fill in the blanks with letters from the scrambled words underneath to find the answers to the given questions: What are some of the main influences on Cuban music? A I, & U P R E N C N A A O R F E What are some percussion instruments used in Cuban music? O S, C N A, B A, & L V. S S E G O O G N T B C A A Instruments used in traditional son music from Cuba: S, O G O S, C V E, S A I S G T, D U B E B A S, R U P, & P N. B N L R S A A I T M T O R E P A O L S H U N E I T What is at the core of most cuban rhythms? I E S O P T. N R K T T E E R V A F Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 12

27 13 Brazillian Carnival! Fact Sheet Besides being famous for being soccer crazy and winning the world cup soccer championship more than any other country in the world, Brazil is also famed for its Latin American dances, music and culture that you just can t help moving to. With a land area making it the largest country in the southern hemisphere, it is home to over 160 million people with many different backgrounds, cultures and races and its music culture can best be seen in one yearly event: the! If you want to find out about Brazillian music and styles, you can see it all at the Carnival. It is one of the the biggest annual parties held in the world and is celebrated all over Brazil in towns and cities. The biggest Carnival occurs in the Brazilian city,. It consists of a huge street parade at a specially built stadium called the and features dancers, singers, pageant floats and music. It reaches an audience of over 75,000 people at the live event and a television audience of 100 million. The which is the most popular style of music and dance in Brazil is the main dance featured the Rio Carnival. Traditionally this style of music was played by guitars and stringed instruments called (a small four -stringed guitar) along with a range of African percussion instruments, but today in the the dancing is accompanied by a style of samba played prominently in Rio called B which originated from early Africian migrants and is made up of an ensemble of African percussion instruments. This rhythmic style of percussion music is effective, loud and makes it easy for drummers to move in the parade. S (bass drum) C (type of snare drum) T (small single headed drums) R (like a snare drum with no snares) A (samba whistle) Today, the Carnival has developed into a fierce competiton between the of Rio. Each school which consists of neighbourhood dance schools, locals wanting to participate and actual schools, has a chance to parade and be judged by a panel of experts on their performance. The winner of the competition is announced on the last day of the Carnival. Typically each school would consist of approximately - people, different types of costume and drummers: so this is a very large scale event for each school and each performance has strict rules they need to adhere to in order to participate. More than a hundred schools of this size partcipate in the Carnival each year making the whole experience last for nearly a week. It is classed as a public holiday in Brazil. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 13

28 13 Brazilian Music fun sheet Brazilian Carnival Crossword ACROSS 4 Brazilian Snare Drum 8 The city where the largest carnival is held 9 Small cylinder with a tight drum skin 10 Style of samba playing with lots of percussion 11 The annnual festival in Rio 12 Carnival started as a festival DOWN 1 Groups that compete in the carnival 2 Snare drum without snares 3 Where the Canival is held in Rio 5 Brazilian bass drum 6 A samba whistle 7 A small four-stringed guitar Brazilian Instrument Match Up Draw a line to match up each instrument with its name: Surdo Ciaxas Apito Repinique Tamborim Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 13 12

29 14 Mexican Music Fact Sheet Mexican music is more complex that most people think. It is much more than the three Mariachi guys standing in a row, wearing those undeniably Mexican uniforms with ruffles. Located in C America, the single most unmistakable fact is that the region has a lot of influence from the A Empire, with no exception when it comes to music. Going as far back as the 16th century, there are still forms of music from that period that are ingrained in Mexican music today. Other major influences include S elements mixed with local aspects of music, as well as some A -C touches too. There are five basic types of music within the Mexican region, and the most common instruments that are heard in nearly all forms of Mexican music are plucked instruments, p, w and then v in that order. R A type of music most widely recognized around the world as Mexican music. The songs are thematic in nature and usually include the topics of nature, love and the love of Mexico. S Described as Mexican folk music from the countryside, son is defined as sound and is a very traditional form of Mexican music and was established in the 18th century. Characterized as usually fast-paced, the style often includes both bow and plucked string instruments. M This style features dance from Europe (polka, waltz and Spanish-influenced fandango) and rhythms from Africa. Most bands will consist of at least six violins, several trumpets, a guitar, one guitarrón (a six-string acoustic bass) and a vihuela (a five-string guitar). B Mostly slow songs and ballads, this music is simple and natural in style. Sharing many characteristics of the son music from the Yucatan Peninsula there is debate as to whether it originates from Cuba as it is widely reported or if it has a Mexican origin. C Used as a means to publicize political and social issues through music and song, the songs are usually ballads that address anything from war stories, heroes and tragedies of the Mexican revolution to current topics such as illegal immigration or drug trafficking. Performed solo or at most in small ensembles, these songs are very common in most regions of Mexico. Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fact Sheet 14

30 14 Mexican Music fun sheet Mexican Music Word-find S R O W B T N B N L L B M E B C D L I I A I L O O S T A E O A I I W M S S N I P O C A E R R Z T E R H L T N H Y A R G G Z H B B I Y R R V U T H E A O D L A C C M E L O E W B N N M B I C I L E O T D O S L I D R H M O R A S P N B A P E P A M R I I O E R L P D S M E N I D N I A R M V C W A A U R O O U R S E R P O C R N S O L O E O L I T R G R T S A Z B L V N O A N I A O S C C L I E I M C O I E S B N O A E T R I W E M R S E I L V C O W C L N L M O C R B C O H D A B C M T R R E M O Y M A P L A Z D I O V W E O P M N A Z T I R U R U R R L T R E A R M P R T O N K N L A D C I S C E A N S A I R S E I E T R W I I T M A M K W I I I E A N I A C O M E T F M U R O R U R I K S C I Z E C I T C M M B E O A T N E O E R N R A S L U N E W L A H I B S A I N A I O N L L M O D A L O O T A O K I A R C I A D A L B R W R C M O B S C A A P I T Y C E R I E A B R A C E C L D F E T M S D M V S D U R A H R N T R L I R M C R D L E O C C I N E S N O R Z N G A R H M I C O A A B P R A T A O A S R T L H E O C O L A N D O A C U M E H T M O T T C H I I E L M R A H E L L R R O U L Z N M A M R R A N L C O D M I S E T L R I D R O L D L S T O O E T E O U A B E V M O E F A A T B A S T R Z L E I E R S E A C E O D S O A H A A O E M T C T I L A U R E B F W T B R M E U L C A C Mariachi Ranchera Son Bolero Corrido Woodwinds Violin Trumpet Guitar Polka Waltz Fandango Central America Aztec Empire Cymbals Mexican Music Style Match Draw a line to match the style of Mexican music with its description on the right: Mariachi Name is defined as sound Ranchera Includes music in a polka or waltz style Son Bolero Slow songs or ballads Ballads that have a message in their lyrics Corrido Uses large bands with violins and trumpets Printable Music Lesson Plans - World Music - Fun Sheet 14