Elfa. Comfort Functions Surge Protective Devices. Modular Devices. ElfaPlus. GE Power Controls P. 1

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1 Modular Devices Sure Protective Devices Plus P. 1

2 Modular Devices Sure Guard P. 2

3 Modular Devices Sure Protective Devices Function : Protection of installation and all connected equipment aainst overvoltae sures Rane * Class 1 and Class 2 devices * Sinle-pole and multi-pole devices * Plu-in and monoblock devices P. 3

4 Rane Sure Protective Devices - Class 2 (8/20µs) (MOV technoloy) Network IT or TN-C Sinle Pole SPD TT or TN-S Multi Pole SPD Un Imax / Up 2.5kV 1.8kV 1kV 2.5kV 1.8kV 1kV 230V 20kA SG SP SG SP SG SP SG MM SG MM SG MM kA SG SP SG SP SG SP SG MM SG MM SG MM kA SG SP SG SP (1) 400V 20kA SG SP SG SP (1) SG MM SG MM SG MM kA SG SP (1) (1) SG MM SG MM SG MM kA SG SP (1) (1) SG MM SG MM (1) Note 1: If the protection level cannot be reached by usin only one SPD, appropriate cascadin is necessary. Example: To protect computer equipment in a facility with a hih FER and a level 1 FF&V and with an IT or TN-C earthin system, accordin to table 5 a 65kA SPD with a UP=1kV is required but not available. Therefore cascadin a SG SP upfront of a SG SP downstream, with a SG COIL xx in between if required would be the best solution. P. 4

5 Sure Protective Devices Rane - Class 1 (10/350µs) (Spark-ap technoloy) 1-pole, 35kA 3-pole, 100kA - Sine-Wave-Trackin module - Series inductor coils 40 and 63A P. 5

6 Sure Protective Devices Features - Terminals alined with MCB-terminals for easy connection or PIN- or FORK-busbar - Plu-in - Status indication - Auxiliary contact - Clearly marked unlosable Pozidriv terminals with bi capacity ( mm²) - Powerful DIN-rail rip with easy DIN-rail extraction (same as MCB) Pad-printed product info Imax Up at Inom Operatin voltae 6-diit orderin code Wirin diaram Family abbreviation P. 6

7 Sure Protective Devices Situatin the problem SPD terminoloy SPD technoloy Different earthin systems require different SPD s Cascadin of SPD s Whole facility protection Correct dimensionin of the SPD and of the backup MCB Installation uidelines GEPC SureGuard SPD features and benefits SPD technical trainin P. 7

8 Problem - Why SPD protection Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin All electrical apparatus are developed accordin to the applicable standards Operatin voltae (within limits) Isolation voltae Creepae distances Normal conditions : no problem Abnormal conditions : certain disturbances can cause electrical breakdown, resultin in Loss of memory System lock-up UNSCHEDULED DOWNTIME Defective hardware P. 8

9 Modular Devices Apparatus breakdown voltae Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin Up = 2.5kV Up = 1.8kV Up = 1kV Electrical control devices (i.e. wirin devices, motors, transformers,...) Appliances (dish-washer, laundry machine, freezer, refrierator, hot,...) PLC's, CNC-controllers, personal computer, computer network, fax, modem, hi-fi, VCR, TV, alarm system, medical scannin and monitorin equipment,... In order to limit the voltae on the supply lines to certain levels, GEPC SureGuard SPD s need to beapplied P. 9

10 Modular Devices Disturbances Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin - Temporary interruption / lon term outae - Sa / Swell - Transient - Noise - Harmonic distorsion P. 10

11 Sure Protective Devices Temporary interruption / lon term outae - Description : a planned or accidental loss of power in a localised area of community - Duration : temporary : less than 1 minute lon term : more than 1 minute - Cause : equipment failure, weather, animals, human error (auto accident,...) - Effect : systems shut down - Solutions : temporary * uninterruptable or stand-by power supply for outaes of about 15 minutes * motor enerator set for outaes of very short duration only lon term * stand-by enerator SPD technical trainin P. 11

12 Sa / Swell Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin - Description : a decrease (sa) or increase (swell) in voltae - Duration : from miliseconds to a few seconds - Cause : major equipment start-up or shutdown, short-circuits (faults) undersized electrical circuits - Effect : memory loss, data errors, dim or briht lihts, shrinkin display screens, equipment shutdown - Solutions : * computer or equipment relocated to a different electrical circuit * voltae reulator * power line conditioner * uninterruptable power supply * motor enerator P. 12

13 Transient Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin - Description : a sudden chane in voltae up to several thousands volts (also called an impulse, spike or sure) - Duration : microseconds - Cause : utility switchin operations, startin and stoppin of heavy equipment or office machinery, elevators, weldin equipment, stactic dischares lihtnin and storms - Effect : processin errors, data loss, burned circuit boards or other equipment damae - Solutions : * sure suppressor * power line conditioner * motor enerator P. 13

14 Modular Devices P. 14 Noise Sure Protective Devices - Description : an unwanted electrical sinal of hih frquency from other equipment - Duration : sporadic - Cause : interference from appliances, microwave and radar transmissions, radio and TV broadcasts, arc weldin, heaters, laser printers, loose wirin and improper roundin - Effect : noise disturbs sensitive electronic equipment, but is usually not destructive (can cause processin errors and lata loss) - Solutions : * isolation transformer * power line conditioner * motor enerator * uninterruptible power supply * loose wirin and roundin corrected SPD technical trainin

15 Harmonic distortion Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin - Description : a distortion in the voltae due to the power supply in some equipment - Duration : sporadic - Cause : power supplies in computers, adjustable speed drives and fluorecent lihtin - Effect : overheatin of motors, transformers and wirin - Solutions : * electrically separate loads that cause harmonic distortion * power line conditioner * motor enerator * uninterruptible power supply * oversize electrical equipment so it does not overheat P. 15

16 Modular Devices Sure Protective Devices Characteristics of noise Small manitude, superimposed on carrier SPD technical trainin Continuously present Hih frequency Low eneretic content Irritatin P. 16

17 Modular Devices Sure Protective Devices Characteristics of sures Hih manitude (1000 s of Volts or Amps) SPD technical trainin Sporadic Short duration (µ-seconds) Hih frequency Hih eneretic content Destructive P. 17

18 Modular Devices Oriin of Sures Electronic dimmers Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin AC-motors and transformers Weldin machines Lihtnin strikes * Direct coupled * Indirect (inductively) coupled Power rid switchin ALL SURGE ORIGINATORS ARE CURRENTS 70% of the sures pollutin your facility oriinates inside your facility while only 30% oriinates outside P. 18

19 Modular Devices Voltae eneration mechanism U R = i x R Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin * R = ρ l / (π r²) U L = - L di / dt * L = µ r µ o l / π ( ln(d / r) + ¼) U C = 1/ C i dt * C = (π ε r ε o l) / ln (d/ r) Sure = very bi chane in current in a very short time = very hih di / dt thus U L = most important P. 19

20 Summary Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin No sinle solution method is a cure all solution Power supply disturbances are unique and distinct Solution methods are unique and distinct All sure oriinators are currents; the network impedance converts these sure currents into (hih) voltaes Sures are sporadic, have a hih eneretic content, have a hih di/ dt and are destructive Solution : Sure Protection Devices Noise is systematic, has a low eneretic content, is hih frequent and is irritatin Solution : Filters or Sine Wave Trackin Devices P. 20

21 Sure Protective Devices Situatin the problem SPD terminoloy SPD technoloy Different earthin systems require different SPD s Cascadin of SPD s Whole facility protection Correct dimensionin of the SPD and of the backup MCB Installation uidelines GEPC SureGuard SPD features and benefits SPD technical trainin P. 21

22 Definitions Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin SPD : Sure Protection Device TVSS : Transient Voltae Sure Suppresser Class : The amount of enery the SPD is able to deviate towards the protective earth I MAX : Peak dischare current an SPD can carry at least once I NOM : Dischare current an SPD can carry at least 10 times U P : Residual I NOM U C : Maximum continuous operatin voltae P. 22

23 Modular Devices Classes for SPD s Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin P. 23

24 Modular Devices Sure Protective Devices Envelope Clampin versus Sine Wave Trackin Envelope Clampin Sine Wave Trackin SPD technical trainin P. 24

25 Sure Protective Devices Situatin the problem SPD terminoloy SPD technoloy Different earthin systems require different SPD s Cascadin of SPD s Whole facility protection Correct dimensionin of the SPD and of the backup MCB Installation uidelines GEPC SureGuard SPD features and benefits SPD technical trainin P. 25

26 SPD Technoloy Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin V - I characteristics Device Leak- Follow Clampin Enery Capaci- Response Cost type ae on I voltae capa- tance time bility Ideal zero no low hih low fast low device to low or hih Zinc oxyde low no moderate hih moderate fast low varistor to low to hih Zener low No low low Low fast hih Crowbar low yes low medium Low fast moderate Zener - SCR latchin combination holdin I P. 26

27 SPD Technoloy Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin V - I characteristics Device Leak- Follow Clampin Enery Capaci- Response Cost type ae on I voltae capa- tance time bility Sparc zero yes hih hih low slow low ap inition to hih low clamp Triered zero yes lower hih low moderate hih sparc inition ap low clamp Selenium very no moderate moderate hih fast hih hih to hih to hih Silicon hih no hih hih hih fast relative carbide low varistor P. 27

28 Modular Devices Spark-Gap V - I - plot Sure Protective Devices MOV V - I - plot SPD technical trainin P. 28

29 Modular Devices Sure Protective Devices GEPC SureGuard SPD s Class 1 : Closed spark-ap technoloy SPD technical trainin Class 2 : MOV-technoloy P. 29

30 Sure Protective Devices Situatin the problem SPD terminoloy SPD technoloy Different earthin systems require different SPD s Cascadin of SPD s Whole facility protection Correct dimensionin of the SPD and of the backup MCB Installation uidelines GEPC SureGuard SPD features and benefits SPD technical trainin P. 30

31 Modular Devices TT - Earthin System Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin P. 31

32 Modular Devices TT - Earthin System Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin P. 32

33 Modular Devices IT - Earthin System Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin P. 33

34 Modular Devices TN-S - Earthin System Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin P. 34

35 Modular Devices TN-C - Earthin System Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin P. 35

36 Modular Devices Sure Protective Devices Summary Sinle Pole or Multi Pole SPD Sinle Pole SPD technical trainin * IT * TN-C or TN-C-part of a TN-CS Multi Pole * IT * TN-S or TN-S-part of a TN-CS P. 36

37 Sure Protective Devices Situatin the problem SPD terminoloy SPD technoloy Different earthin systems require different SPD s Cascadin of SPD s Whole facility protection Correct dimensionin of the SPD and of the backup MCB Installation uidelines GEPC SureGuard SPD features and benefits SPD technical trainin P. 37

38 Why cascadin SPD s? Sure Protective Devices Caution : The SPD with the hihest MAX should carry the bulk of the current in case a hih I toether MAX with a low U is required P SPD technical trainin P. 38

39 Modular Devices Correct cascadin Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin P. 39

40 Sure Protective Devices Situatin the problem SPD terminoloy SPD technoloy Different earthin systems require different SPD s Cascadin of SPD s Whole facility protection Correct dimensionin of the SPD and of the backup MCB Installation uidelines GEPC SureGuard SPD features and benefits SPD technical trainin P. 40

41 Modular Devices Facility without protection Sure Protective Devices Amps Volts SPD technical trainin Amps Volts Step-down Transformer Service entrance Branch panel P. 41

42 Modular Devices Fully protected facility Sure Protective Devices Amps Volts SPD technical trainin Class 1 SPD Class 3 SPD Class 3 SPD Volt Transient <1.500 Volt Transient P. 42

43 Modular Devices Cost / Knowlede Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin INCREASING COST OF POWER CONDITIONING FULL FACILITY BRANCH PANELS CONTROLS UTILITY SOURCE SERVICE ENTRANCE BRANCH LIGHTING PANELS PROCESSOR INCREASING KNOWLEDGE OF EQUIPMENT SENSITIVITY P. 43

44 Sure Protective Devices Situatin the problem SPD terminoloy SPD technoloy Different earthin systems require different SPD s Cascadin of SPD s Whole facility protection Correct dimensionin of the SPD and of the backup MCB Installation uidelines GEPC SureGuard SPD features and benefits SPD technical trainin P. 44

45 Selectin the correct SPD (1) Sure Protective Devices I MAX Facility exposure risk (FER - level) Keraunic level Geometry of the facility Environment The way in which the power is distributed Facility function and value (FF& V- factor) Mission critical aspect Value of the equipment to protect SPD technical trainin U P Enery supply network P. 45

46 Modular Devices Selectin the correct SPD (2) Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin - Class 2 (8/20µs) (MOV technoloy) Network IT or TN-C Sinle Pole SPD TT or TN-S Multi Pole SPD Un Imax / Up 2.5kV 1.8kV 1kV 2.5kV 1.8kV 1kV 230V 20kA SG SP SG SP SG SP SG MM SG MM SG MM kA SG SP SG SP SG SP SG MM SG MM SG MM kA SG SP SG SP (1) 400V 20kA SG SP SG SP (1) SG MM SG MM SG MM kA SG SP (1) (1) SG MM SG MM SG MM kA SG SP (1) (1) SG MM SG MM (1) Note 1: If the protection level cannot be reached by usin only one SPD, appropriate cascadin is necessary. Example: To protect computer equipment in a facility with a hih FER and a level 1 FF&V and with an IT or TN-C earthin system, accordin to table 5 a 65kA SPD with a UP=1kV is required but not available. Therefore cascadin a SG SP upfront of a SG SP downstream, with a SG COIL xx in between if required would be the best solution. P. 46

47 Modular Devices Sure Protective Devices Selectin the correct backup MCB Why a backup MCB is needed SPD technical trainin SPD is NOT a line - protection device Backup for the internal thermal fuse Isolatin the SPD for maintenance To be effective the breaker or fuse directly up-front of the SPD should be capable to cut-off the theoretical short-circuit current at the place where the SPD is installed Short-circuit interruptive capacity 65 / 80 ka EP ka EP60 20 ka EP30 P. 47

48 Sure Protective Devices Situatin the problem SPD terminoloy SPD technoloy Different earthin systems require different SPD s Cascadin of SPD s Whole facility protection Correct dimensionin of the SPD and of the backup MCB Installation uidelines GEPC SureGuard SPD features and benefits SPD technical trainin P. 48

49 Installation uidelines (1) Sure Protective Devices Install a hih quality protective earth and avoid roundloops SPD technical trainin P. 49

50 Sure Protective Devices Installation uidelines (2) Keep lead lenth short and use Kelvin connections SPD technical trainin P. 50

51 Sure Protective Devices Installation uidelines (3) Install the SPD as close as possible to the backup MCB Install the SPD as close as possible to the equipment to be protected SPD technical trainin P. 51

52 Installation uidelines (4) Sure Protective Devices Avoid installin an SPD downstream of a sensitive RCD SPD technical trainin P. 52

53 Sure Protective Devices Installation uidelines (5) Bound wires toether Avoid sharp bendin and windin-up of conductors SPD technical trainin Here comes a photo illustratin wires not bound toether Here comes a photo illustratin wires bein bound toether Here comes a photo illustratin wires bein bend and bein coiled- up Here comes a photo illustratin the wires bein correctly installed P. 53

54 Sure Protective Devices Situatin the problem SPD terminoloy SPD technoloy Different earthin systems require different SPD s Cascadin of SPD s Whole facility protection Correct dimensionin of the SPD and of the backup MCB Installation uidelines GEPC SureGuard SPD features and benefits SPD technical trainin P. 54

55 Sure Protective Devices Features and benefits (1) Rane * Class 1 * Class 2 Sinle pole plu-in, Multi-pole monoblock * Inductor coils * Sine wave trackin module SPD technical trainin P. 55

56 Sure Protective Devices Features and benefits (2) Technical performances * Hih quality MOV s * Lowest U for comparable I s P NOM * Hih quality DIN-rail clip with very ood rip * Hih quality, lon term stability terminals * Fool-proof plu-in devices SPD technical trainin P. 56

57 Sure Protective Devices Features and benefits (3) User-interface * Clear and straihtforward front- and side-pad print * SPD - healthy indication * Auxiliary contact for remote monitorin SPD technical trainin P. 57

58 Modular Devices Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin Features and benefits (4) Connectivity * Lare terminal capacity (50mm²) * Loss-proof pozidriv terminal screws * Terminals alined with terminals of Plus MCB s, RCB s and RCD s * Pin-and fork-busbar connection possible P. 58

59 Modular Devices Sure Protective Devices SPD technical trainin Features and benefits (5) Complete rane accordin to wide rane of standards and reulations * IEC , IEC * EN , EN , EN * UL * VDE , VDE 0185 part 100, VDE , VDE (A1 & A2), VDE /A1 * BS 6651 (1992) * AS 1768 (1991) * ANSI C62.41 P. 59