Practicum in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Lesson Plan

Transcription

1 History of STEM Practicum in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Lesson Plan Performance Objective Upon completion of this lesson, each student will have an understanding of discoveries in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and the need for change over the course of American history by completing the Students Notes Outline and meeting the criteria in the Then and Now Research Report Rubric. Specific Objectives Recognize and record major discoveries involving electricity, televisions, and airplanes. Identify the history of Cartesian Coordinates and geometry as the basis of many drafting programs. Organize and develop a personal timeline to classify and explain key personal life events as they relate to historic events and STEM discoveries. Share personal timeline with the class in a presentation. Conduct research to investigate a discovery in one of the areas of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics and summarize findings in a 450 to 500-word, typed essay. Explain how the discovery in one of the STEM disciplines used the other three areas of STEM. Terms Polyphase- having or producing two or more phases. Cathode Ray- a stream of electrons emitted from the cathode of a vacuum tube. Lift- the component of the total aerodynamic force acting on an airplane or airfoil. Drag- force exhorted by a fluid stream on any obstacle in its path or felt by an object moving through fluid. Cartesian Coordinate- either of two coordinates that locate a point on a plane and measure its distance from either two intersecting straight-line axes. Time This lesson should take three class days to complete; add at least two days for presentations. Preparation TEKS Correlations This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the activities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed. Practicum in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (c) 1

2 o (4) The student demonstrates oral and written communication skills in creating, expressing, and interpreting information and ideas, including technical terminology and information. The student is expected to: (A) demonstrate the use of content, technical concepts, and vocabulary when analyzing information and following directions; (B) employ verbal skills when obtaining and conveying information; (C) use informational texts, Internet websites, and technical materials to review and apply information sources for occupational tasks; (D) evaluate the reliability of information from informational texts, Internet websites, and technical materials and resources; (E) interpret verbal and nonverbal cues and behaviors to enhance communication; (F) apply active listening skills to obtain and clarify information; and (G) use academic skills to facilitate effective written and oral communication. Interdisciplinary Correlations English Language Arts and Reading, English IV (b) o (1) Reading/Vocabulary Development. Students understand new vocabulary and use it when reading and writing. Students are expected to: o (A) determine the meaning of technical academic English words in multiple content areas (e.g., science, mathematics, social studies, the arts) derived from Latin, Greek, or other linguistic roots and affixes (b) o (13) Writing/Writing Process. Students use elements of the writing process (planning, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing) to compose text. Students are expected to: o (A) plan a first draft by selecting the correct genre for conveying the intended meaning to multiple audiences, determining appropriate topics through a range of strategies (e.g., discussion, background reading, personal interests, interviews), and developing a thesis or controlling idea; o (B) structure ideas in a sustained and persuasive way (e.g., using outlines, note taking, graphic organizers, lists) and develop drafts in timed and open-ended situations that include transitions and the rhetorical devices to convey meaning; o (C) revise drafts to clarify meaning and achieve specific rhetorical purposes, consistency of tone, and logical organization by rearranging the words, sentences, and paragraphs to employ tropes (e.g., metaphors, similes, analogies, hyperbole, understatement, rhetorical questions, irony), schemes (e.g., parallelism, antithesis, inverted word order, repetition, reversed structures), and by adding transitional words and phrases; o (D) edit drafts for grammar, mechanics, and spelling; and o (E) revise final draft in response to feedback from peers and teacher and publish written work for appropriate audiences. Professional Communications 2

3 (c) o The student applies English language arts in professional communications projects. The student is expected to: (A) demonstrate use of content, technical concepts, and vocabulary; (B) use correct grammar, punctuation, and terminology to write and edit documents; (C) identify assumptions, purpose, outcomes, solutions, and propaganda techniques; (D) compose and edit copy for a variety of written documents; (E) evaluate oral and written information; and (F) research topics for the preparation of oral and written communications. United States History Studies Since (c) o (2) History. The student understands traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history from 1877 to the present. The student is expected to: (C) apply absolute and relative chronology through the sequencing of significant individuals, events, and time periods (c) o (27) Science, technology, and society. The student understands the impact of science, technology, and the free enterprise system on the economic development of the United States. The student is expected to: (A) explain the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations such as electric power, telephone and satellite communications, petroleum-based products, steel production, and computers on the economic development of the United States; (B) explain how specific needs result in scientific discoveries and technological innovations in agriculture, the military, and medicine, including vaccines; and (C) understand the impact of technological and management innovations and their applications in the workplace and the resulting productivity enhancements for business and labor such as assembly line manufacturing, time-study analysis, robotics, computer management, and just-in-time inventory management (c) o (28) Science, technology, and society. The student understands the influence of scientific discoveries, technological innovations, and the free enterprise system on the standard of living in the United States. The student is expected to: (A) analyze how scientific discoveries, technological innovations, and the application of these by the free enterprise system, including those in transportation and communication, improve the standard of living in the United States; (B) explain how space technology and exploration improve the quality of life; and (C) understand how the free enterprise system drives technological innovation and its application in the marketplace such as cell phones, inexpensive personal computers, and global positioning products. 3

4 Accommodations for Learning Differences It is important that lessons accommodate the needs of every learner. These lessons may be modified to accommodate your students with learning differences by referring to the files found on the Special Populations page of this website (cte.unt.edu). Preparation Copy the handout sheets for the students. Have materials ready prior to the start of the lesson. Secure a computer lab if one is not readily accessible. Instructional Aids 1. History of STEM Student Notes Outline handout 2. History of STEM Student Notes Outline Answer Key 3. It s About Time activity handout 4. It s About Time Presentation Rubric 5. Then and Now activity handout 6. Then and Now Research Report Rubric Materials Needed Butcher paper or poster board as an option for the It s About Time activity Students can provide their own materials. Equipment Needed Teacher computer Projector (for digital presentation) Introduction Use the slide presentation and explain the concepts from early days to modern day. Say o Think about a technology that you use every day (i.e., cell phones or computers). Ask o What kind of math or science do you think is involved in making that technology work? Ask o Why is it necessary to see where we have been so we will know where we are headed in the future? 4

5 Outline MI OUTLINE I. Electricity A Michael Faraday publishes his discoveries on electromagnetic rotation. B Faraday publishes his discoveries on electromagnetic induction. C Hippolyte Pixii of France builds the first Dynamo (DC Generator). D Zenobe Gramme creates the first Dyanmo that is capable of commercial applications. E Thomas Edison opens a power station in New York. F Turin, Italy: AC power is used to light up Edison light bulbs on 25 miles of trolley track. G Great Barrington, MA: the first full AC power system is built by William Stanly. H. Late 1880s Nikola Tesla files multiple patents for polyphase AC motor and power transmission. I The Chicago World s Fair becomes the first all-electric World s Fair powered by Tesla s AC Generators. This leads to AC being the electricity of choice. II. Televisions A Existence of cathode rays are confirmed by William Crookes. B Karl Ferdinand Braun constructs a cathode ray tube scanning device. C Philo Farnsworth transmits the first electronic television image. NOTES TO TEACHER Begin the History of STEM slide presentation. Notes are provided on the slide presentation for teacher extension. Distribute the History of STEM Student Notes Outline handout at the beginning of class. Have students fill in the missing blacks during the slide presentation. 5

6 MI OUTLINE II. Televisions (continued) D Vladimir Zworykin demonstrates the first practical electronic system for both transmission and reception of images. E Zworykin develops a better camera tube The Orthicon with enough light sensitivity to record outdoor events at night. F Louis Parker is granted a patent for a television receiver, the intercarrier sound system. G Zenith creates the first television remote control. H Color television broadcasting officially begins. I Robert Adler invents the first wireless remote control. J AT&T launches the first satellite to send television signals, the Telstar. K The first prototype for a plasma display is invented. L VHS home recording format is introduced. M HDTV is demonstrated in the US by Japan s government-owned broadcasting service. N US testing of HDTV systems begins. O Flat-Screen plasma televisions are introduced. P TiVo goes on sale. NOTES TO TEACHER 6

7 MI OUTLINE III. Airplanes A Sir George Cayley defined list and drag and presented the first scientific design for a fixed wing aircraft. B A young boy made the first manned flight in a glider designed by Cayley. C Felix du Temple made the first attempt at powered flight. D Sir Kiram Maxim made a successful takeoff in a biplane but the flight was uncontrolled. E Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first controlled powered flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17. F Automatic gyrostabilizer leads to the first automatic pilot produced two year later. G The first all metal plane, Junker J4, is introduced. H Boeing 247 is introduced as the first modern commercial airliner. I First jet engines are tested. J Air Force pilot Charles Yeager is the first person to break the sound barrier. K First jet-powered commercial airplane. L Boeing conducts first flights of the 747. M The first civilian tilt rotor aircraft had a successful 36 minute flight at Bell Textron Flight Research Center in Texas. N Airbus A380 the world s largest commercial plane makes first flight in the United States. O First electric aircraft to fly over 200 mph. NOTES TO TEACHER 7

8 MI OUTLINE IV. Cartesian Coordinates A Descartes publishes his ideas on geometry in a treatise called La Geometrie. B. Any problem in geometry can easily be reduced to such terms that a knowledge of the length of certain lines is sufficient for its construction. C. Cartesian geometry is the basis of many drafting programs. V. Activities A. It s About Time B. Then and Now VI. Assessment A. It s About Time Presentation Rubric B. Then and Now Research Report Rubric NOTES TO TEACHER Distribute It s About Time handout. The activity involves students making and presenting their own personal timeline. Distribute Then and Now handout. Have student complete both of these activities, which will take at least four days total for all activities, including the student presentations. Use the suggested rubrics for grading. Multiple Intelligences Guide Existentialist Interpersonal Intrapersonal Kinesthetic/ Bodily Logical/ Mathematical Musical/Rhythmic Naturalist Verbal/Linguistic Visual/Spatial Application Guided Practice The teacher will show the slide presentation and explain the discoveries in STEM and point out how each discovery relies on the ideas of each area of STEM. Students will complete the History of STEM Student Notes Outline during the presentation. 8

9 Independent Practice Students will complete the two assignments: It s About Time Then and Now Summary Review How did each discovery use the different areas of STEM? How do you use each area of STEM in your STEM projects? What is another discovery that you can think of that integrated other areas of STEM? Evaluation Informal Assessment Teacher will monitor progress of daily work assignments. Formal Assessment Rubrics will be used to assess both activities. It s About Time Presentation Rubric Then and Now Research Report Rubric 9

10 History of STEM Student Notes Outline I. Electricity A publishes his discoveries on electromagnetic rotation. B Faraday publishes his discoveries on induction. C Hippolyte Pixii of France builds the first Dynamo ( Generator). D Zenobe Gramme creates the first Dynamo that is capable of applications. E Thomas Edison opens a in New York. F Turin, Italy: AC power is used to light up light bulbs on 25 miles of trolley track. G Great Barrington, MA: the first full AC power system is built by. H. Late 1880s Nikola Tesla files multiple patents for AC motor and power transmission. I The Chicago World s Fair becomes the first World s Fair powered by Tesla s AC Generators. This leads to AC being the electricity of choice. II. Televisions A Existence of rays are confirmed by William Crookes. B Karl Ferdinand Braun constructs a cathode ray tube device. C Philo Farnsworth transmits the first television image. D Vladimir Zworykin demonstrates the first practical electronic system for both transmission and of images. E Zworykin develops a better camera tube The with enough light sensitivity to record outdoor events at night. F Louis Parker is granted a patent for a, the intercarrier sound system. G Zenith creates the first television. H television broadcasting officially begins. I Robert Adler invents the first remote control. J AT&T launches the first to send television signals, the Telstar. K The first prototype for a display is invented. L home recording format is introduced. M is demonstrated in the US by Japan s government-owned broadcasting service. N testing of HDTV systems begins. O plasma televisions are introduced. P goes on sale. III. Airplanes 10

11 A Sir George Cayley defined and and presented the first scientific design for a fixed wing aircraft. B A young boy made the first flight in a glider designed by Cayley. C Felix du Temple made the first attempt at flight. D Sir Kiram Maxim made a successful takeoff in a but the flight was. E Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17. F Automatic leads to the first pilot produced two years later. G The first all plane, Junker J4, is introduced. H Boeing 247 is introduced as the first modern airliner. I First engines are tested. J Air Force pilot Charles Yeager is the first person to the sound barrier. K First -powered airplane was produced. L Boeing conducts first flights of the. M The first civilian tilt rotor aircraft had a successful minute flight at Bell Textron Flight Research Center in Texas. N Airbus the world s largest commercial plane makes first flight in the United States. O First aircraft to fly over 200 mph. IV. Cartesian Geometry A Descartes publishes his ideas on geometry in a treatise called La. B. Any problem in can easily be reduced to such terms that a knowledge of the of certain lines is sufficient for its. C. Cartesian geometry is the basis of many drafting programs. 11

12 History of STEM Student Notes Outline Answer Key I. Electricity A Michael Faraday publishes his discoveries on electromagnetic rotation. B Faraday publishes his discoveries on electromagnetic induction. C Hippolyte Pixii of France builds the first Dynamo (DC Generator). D Zenobe Gramme creates the first Dynamo that is capable of commercial applications. E Thomas Edison opens a power station in New York. F Turin, Italy AC power is used to light up Edison light bulbs on 25 miles of trolley track. G Great Barrington, MA: the first full AC power system is built by William Stanly. H. Late 1880s Nikola Tesla files multiple patents for polyphase AC motor and power transmission. I The Chicago World s Fair becomes the first all-electric World s Fair powered by Tesla s AC Generators. This leads to AC being the electricity of choice. II. Televisions A Existence of cathode rays are confirmed by William Crookes. B Karl Ferdinand Braun constructs a cathode ray tube scanning device. C Philo Farnsworth transmits the first electronic television image. D Vladimir Zworykin demonstrates the first practical electronic system for both transmission and reception of images. E Zworykin develops a better camera tube The Orthicon with enough light sensitivity to record outdoor events at night. F Louis Parker is granted a patent for a television receiver, the intercarrier sound system. G Zenith creates the first television remote control. H Color television broadcasting officially begins. I Robert Adler invents the first wireless remote control. J AT&T launches the first satellite to send television signals, the Telstar. K The first prototype for a plasma display is invented. L VHS home recording format is introduced. M HDTV is demonstrated in the US by Japan s government-owned broadcasting service. N US testing of HDTV systems begins. O Flat-Screen plasma televisions are introduced. P TiVo goes on sale. III. Airplanes A Sir George Cayley defined lift and drag and presented the first scientific design for a fixed wing aircraft. B A young boy made the first manned flight in a glider designed by Cayley. 12

13 C Felix du Temple made the first attempt at powered flight. D Sir Kiram Maxim made a successful takeoff in a biplane but the flight was uncontrolled. E Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first controlled powered flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17. F Automatic gyrostabilizer leads to the first automatic pilot produced two years later. G The first all metal plane, Junker J4, is introduced. H Boeing 247 is introduced as the first modern commercial airliner. I First jet engines are tested. J Air Force pilot Charles Yeager is the first person to break the sound barrier. K First jet-powered commercial airplane was produced. L Boeing conducts first flights of the 747. M The first civilian tilt rotor aircraft had a successful 36 minute flight at Bell Textron Flight Research Center in Texas. N Airbus A380 the world s largest commercial plane makes first flight in the United States. O First electric aircraft to fly over 200 mph. IV. Cartesian Geometry A Descartes publishes his ideas on geometry in a treatise called La Geometrie. B. Any problem in geometry can easily be reduced to such terms that a knowledge of the length of certain lines is sufficient for its construction. C. Cartesian geometry is the basis of many drafting programs. 13

14 It s About Time OBJECTIVE Students will organize and develop a personal timeline. The purpose of this activity is to classify and explain key events in their lives as they relate to historic events and STEM discoveries. PROCEDURE Design a personal timeline that includes the following information. Five historic events Seven STEM event discoveries 10 personal milestones in your life MATERIALS NEEDED Poster boards or butcher paper String or yarn Rope Pictures Computer and printer Paper Be as creative as possible! Use pictures to make your timeline more appealing. No markers or handwritten information may be used. Everything must be typed, cut, and pasted. Use the string, yarn, or rope to make the actual timeline and adhere to the poster board or butcher paper. TIME ALLOTTED To be determined by teacher. Be ready to share your timeline with the rest of the class in a presentation. 14

15 It s About Time Presentation Rubric Presentation Title Name Teacher ID# Date of Presentation Criteria Points Organization Content Knowledge Visuals Audience cannot understand presentation because there is no sequence of information. Student does not have grasp of information; student cannot answer questions about subject. Student used no visuals. Audience has difficulty following presentation because student jumps around. Student is uncomfortable with information and is able to answer only rudimentary questions. Student used a few visuals that rarely supported text and presentation. Student presents information in a logical sequence that audience can follow. Student is at ease with content, but fails to elaborate. Visuals related to text and presentation. Student presents information in a logical, interesting sequence that audience can follow. Student demonstrates full knowledge (more than required) with explanations and elaboration. Student used visuals to reinforce screen text and presentation. Mechanics Student's presentation had four or more spelling errors and/or grammatical errors. Presentation had three misspellings and/or grammatical errors. Presentation has no more than two misspellings and/or grammatical errors. Presentation has no misspellings or grammatical errors. Delivery Student mumbles, incorrectly pronounces terms, and speaks too quietly for students in the back of the class to hear. Student incorrectly pronounces terms. Audience members have difficulty hearing presentation. Student's voice is clear. Student pronounces most words correctly. Student used a clear voice and correct, precise pronunciation of terms. Total Teacher Comments 15

16 Then and Now OBJECTIVE Students will conduct research to investigate a discovery in one of the areas of STEM and will summarize their findings in an essay. PROCEDURE 1. Research one discovery of your choice in the area of Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics. 2. Explain how that discovery used the other three areas of STEM. Answer these questions in your response. a. What discovery did you choose? b. How did that discovery utilize the remaining areas of STEM? 3. What new discoveries did the initial discovery lead to? 4. What new research is being done that is related to the initial discovery? SUMMARY Summarize your findings in a 450 to 500-word, typed essay. 16

17 Then and Now Research Report Rubric Research Report Title Name Criteria Points Introduction/ Topic Student(s) properly generates questions and/ or problems around a topic. Student(s) generates questions and/or problems. Student(s) requires prompts to generate questions and/or problems. Questions or problems are teachergenerated. Conclusions Reached Numerous detailed conclusions are reached from the evidence offered. Several detailed conclusions are reached from the evidence offered. Some detailed conclusions are reached from the evidence offered. A conclusion is made from the evidence offered. Information Gathering Information is gathered from multiple electronic and non-electronic sources and cited properly. Information is gathered from multiple electronic and non-electronic sources. Information is gathered from limited electronic and non-electronic sources. Information is gathered from non-electronic or electronic sources only. Summary Paragraph Well organized, and demonstrates logical sequencing and sentence structure. Well organized, but demonstrates illogical sequencing or sentence structure. Fairly organized, but demonstrates illogical sequencing and sentence structure. Weakly organized. Punctuation, Capitalization, and Spelling Punctuation and capitalization are correct. There is one error in punctuation and/or capitalization. There are two or three errors in punctuation and/or capitalization. There are four or more errors in punctuation and/or capitalization. Total----> 17