DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS (PRONOMI DI OGGETTO DIRETTO)

Transcription

1 ITALIAN LEVEL A1.2 DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS (PRONOMI DI OGGETTO DIRETTO) A direct object pronoun takes the place of a direct object noun. A direct object noun is a noun that directly (= without a preposition in front of it) receives the action of the verb. Mangio la mela. I eat the apple. mela is the direct object noun La mangio. I eat it. la is the direct object pronoun, meaning apple Maria saluta Paolo. Maria greets Paolo. Paolo is the direct object noun Maria lo saluta. Maria greets him. lo is the direct object pronoun, meaning Paolo Vedi i ragazzi? Do you see the boys? ragazzi is the direct object noun No, non li vedo. No, I don t see them. li is the direct object pronoun, meaning the boys Senti le canzoni? Can you hear the songs? canzoni is the direct object noun Sì, le sento. Yes, I can hear them. le is the direct object pronoun, meaning the songs mi ti lo la / La ci vi li, le me you him / it her / it / you (formal) us you them Reference (page 1)

2 Note that in Italian, unlike English, direct object pronouns are placed before the conjugated verbs: la mangio I eat it lo saluta he / she greets him li vedo I see them Note also that with negative sentences NON is always placed before the object pronoun: non la mangio I don t eat it non lo saluta he / she doesn t greet him non li vedo I don t see them When dovere, volere and potere are followed by the infinitive, the direct object pronoun is either attached to the infinitive, which drops its final e, or placed before the conjugated verb: Vuoi mangiare questi pomodori? Do you want to eat these tomatoes? Sì, voglio mangiarli. Yes, I want to eat them. OR Sì, li voglio mangiare. Yes, I want to eat them. Dovete vendere questa macchina? Do you have to sell this car? No, non dobbiamo venderla. No, we don t have to sell it. OR No, non la dobbiamo vendere. No, we don t have to sell it. Reference (page 2)

3 ORDINAL NUMBERS (NUMERI ORDINALI) 1 primo (first) 6 sesto (sixth) 2 secondo (second) 7 settimo (seventh) 3 terzo (third) 8 ottavo (eighth) 4 quarto (fourth) 9 nono (ninth) 5 quinto (fifth) 10 decimo (tenth) Ordinals above tenth are constructed in the following manner: take the corresponding cardinal number, drop its vowel ending and add esimo 11 undici + esimo undicesimo 40 quaranta + esimo quarantesimo in the case of numbers ending in tré, remove the accent mark but keep the e 23 ventitré + esimo ventitreesimo 33 trentatré + esimo trentatreesimo if the number ends in sei, do not drop the vowel 26 ventisei + esimo ventiseiesimo NOTE: Unlike the cardinal numbers, ordinals are adjectives. Therefore, they agree with the noun they modify in gender and number. il primo giorno la ventesima volta tutti gli ottavi capitoli the first day the twentieth time all the eighth units Reference (page 3)

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