BOOKS, JOURNALS AND NEWSPAPERS

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Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Library Harvard Referencing System - Guide and Examples When presenting your research paper, it is important that you provide references to the sources of information

1 Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Library Harvard Referencing System - Guide and Examples When presenting your research paper, it is important that you provide references to the sources of information you have used in your research. Referencing is a method of acknowledging the contributions and work of others in your writing. You will have to provide brief information in the text and full bibliographic details of all SOURCES consulted in your at the end of your piece of work. The Harvard Referencing System is an author-date system for citing and referencing sources of information. This guide provides examples of In-text citation and referencing according to the Harvard Referencing System for various information sources. BOOKS, JOURNALS AND NEWSPAPERS BOOKS Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication. Title of book (italicized). Edition (if any). Place: Publisher. One Author (Schaefer 2011) OR Schaefer, R. T., Sociology: a brief introduction. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Schaefer (2011)

2 Two Authors (Witzany and Baluška 2012) OR Witzany, G. and Baluška, F., Biocommunication of plants. New York: Springer. Witzany and Baluška (2012) Three Authors (Solomon, Bamossy and Hogg 2006) OR Solomon, M., Bamossy, G., Askegaard, S. and Hogg, M. K., Consumer behavior: a European perspective. 3rd ed. Harlow: Financial Times. Solomon, Bamossy and Hogg (2006) More Than Three Authors (Jull et al., 2008) OR Jull, G. et al., Whiplash headache and neck pain: research-based directions for physical therapies. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston. Jull et al. (2008) Corporate Authors First citation: according to the report in 2011 by Malaysia Airline System Berhad (MAS) Malaysia Airline System Berhad, Annual report. Kuala Lumpur: MAS. Subsequent citations: MAS (2011) had published another

3 Multiple Works Published By The Same Author In The Same Year of publication (Hac 2003a, 2003b) OR Hac (2003a, 2003b) Hac, A., 2003a. Mobile telecommunications protocols for data networks. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons. Hac, A., 2003b. Wireless sensor network designs. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons. TRANSLATED BOOKS Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication. Title of book (italicized). Translated from (language) by (surname of translator, included initials first, then surname). Edition (if any). Place: Publisher. (Dupuy 2009) Dupuy, J. P., On the origins of cognitive science: the mechanization of the mind. Translated from French by M. B. DeBevoise. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. EDITED BOOKS Author s surname, Initials, ed., Year of publication, Title of book (italicized). Edition (if any). Place: Publisher. (Sjostrand 1993) (Pike and Sarkar 1986) Sjostrand, S. (ed.) Institutional change: theory and empirical findings. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. Pike, E. R. and Sarkar, S., (eds.) Frontiers in quantum optics. Bristol: Adam Hilger. Note: use (eds.) if more than 1 editor.

4 CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK Chapter author s surname, Initials. In: Book editor(s) surnames followed by initials with (ed.). or (eds.). Title of book (italicized). Edition (if any). Place: Publisher. Page numbers. (Vygotsky 1991) Vygotsky, L. S., Genesis of the higher mental functions. In: Light, P., Sheldon, S., and Woodhead, M. (eds.). Learning to think. London: Routledge, pp E-BOOKS Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication. Title of book (italicized). [Type of medium] Place: Publisher. Available through: Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Library website edu.my [Accessed date]. (Wolf 2012) Wolf, M. J., Before the crash. [e-book] Detroit: Wayne State University Press. Available through: Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Library website [Accessed 4 December 2012]. Note: E-book through UTAR Library Website, e.g. Morgan & Claypool Synthesis. (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2009) Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A., Research methods for business students, [e-book] Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. Available at: Google Books <books.google.com> [Accessed 19 July 2010]. Note: E-book available freely from Google.

5 JOURNAL ARTICLES (PRINTED) Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication. Title of journal article. Title of journal (italicized), Volume, Issue or number, Page number(s). (Huffman 1996) (Lamb and Kling 2003) Huffman, L. M., Processing whey protein for use as a food ingredient. Food Technology, 50(2), pp Lamb, R. and Kling, R., Reconceptualizing users as social actors in information systems research, MIS Quarterly 27(2), pp JOURNAL ARTICLES (ONLINE DATABASE / ELECTRONIC JOURNAL) Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication, Title of journal article. Title of journal (italicized), [Type of medium] Volume, Issue or number, Page number(s), if available. Available through: Source [Accessed date]. (Jin and Cheng 2011) Jin, Y. and Cheng, Y., Chemical engineering in China: past, present, and future. Chemical Engineering Progress, [E-journal] 107(4), pp Available through Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Library website utar.edu.my/. [Accessed 1 May 2012].

6 MAGAZINE OR JOURNAL ARTICLES, WHICH ARE FREELY AVAILABLE ON THE INTERNET Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication, Title of article. Title of magazine or journal (italicized), [Online] Available at: Source [Accessed date]. (Gommans 2001) Gommans, M., From brand loyalty to e- loyalty: a conceptual framework, Journal of Economic and Social Research, [online] Available at: < fatih.edu.tr/~jesr/ JESR.e-loyalty.pdf>. [Accessed1 July 2012]. NEWSPAPER ARTICLES (PRINTED) Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication. Title of article. Title of Newspaper (italicized). Day and month before page numbers and column line. (Prakash 2012) Prakash, M., Get ready for touch screen revolution. New Straits Times, 1 Dec. p. B6. NEWSPAPER ARTICLES (ONLINE) Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication. Title of article or column header. Title of Newspaper (italicized), [Type of medium] Additional date information. Available at: url [Accessed date]. (Chow 2012) Chow, B. H., Building an innovative society. The Star Online, [Online] 5 Dec. Available at: my/cus/ &sec = focus [Accessed 1 December 2012].

7 OTHER TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES CONFERENCE PAPERS (PRINTED) Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication. Title. Conference s name (italicized). Location, Date, Place: Publisher, Page numbers. (Fledelius 2000) (Dutta and Mallick 2012) Fledelius, H. C., Myopia and significant visual impairment: global aspects. Proceedings of the 7 th International Conference on Myopia. Taipei, November, Tokyo: Springer, pp Note: Published conference paper. Dutta. T. and Mallick, D., Spiritual based intervention among adolescent drug users: an innovative challenge, paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Behavioral & Social Science Research, 2 November 2012, Kampar: Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman. Note: For unpublished conference paper, the title is not italicized. CONFERENCE PAPERS (ONLINE) Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication. Title. Conference s name (italicized). Location, Date, Place. Available at: Source [Accessed date]. (Lord 2009) Lord, J., What do consumers say? Changing attitudes, changing strategies: reaching China s dynamic consumer markets. American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai Conference, Shanghai, 15 October. AMCHAM-Shanghai. Available at: marketingconference//default.aspx [Accessed 27 August 2012].

8 THESES AND DISSERTATIONS (PRINTED) Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication. Title of dissertation (italicized). Level. Official name of University, Country. (Teh 2003) Teh, C. S., A third world feminist reading of selected Malaysian novels in English. PhD Thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Malaysia. THESES AND DISSERTATIONS (ONLINE) Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication. Title of dissertation (italicized). Level. Institution issuing degree. Available through Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Library Website [Accessed date]. (Ernesto 2010) Ernesto, D, A., Multidisciplinary collaborative model for complex biomedical engineering design projects. MSc. The University of Texas. Available through Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Library website [Accessed 22 May 2012]. REPORTS (PRINTED) Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication, Title of report (italicized), Place: Publisher. (Mortimer and Cox 1999) Mortimer, M., & Cox, M., Contaminants in mud crabs and sediments from the Maroochy River. Environment technical report no. 25, Brisbane: Department of Environment.

9 REPORTS (ONLINE) Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication, Title of report (italicized). [Type of medium] Available at: url [Accessed date]. (Scientific Committee on Health 1998) Scientific Committee on Health Report on tobacco and health [pdf]. London: Scientific Committee on Health. Available at: archive.officialdocuments.co.uk /document/doh/ tobacco/part-l.htm [Accessed 2 November 2011]. PATENT Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication. Title of patent (italicized). Number of patent including country of issue. (Cookson 1985) Cookson, A, H., Particle trap for compressed gas insulated transmission systems. US Patent STANDARDS Corporate body. Year of publication. Identifying letters and numbers and full title of BS (italicized). Place: Publisher. (British Standards Institute 2002 p.5) British Standards Institute, BS11623:2001 Transportable gas cylinders. Milton Keynes: BSI.

10 DVD, VIDEO OR FILM Full title of DVD or Video (italicized). Year of publication. [Type of medium] Director. Country: Film studio or maker. (Other relevant details). Unleashing creativity (2005) Homeopathy mystery of healing (2007) Days and clouds (2010) Unleashing creativity [DVD] Directed by Phyllis Lane. Stanford, CA: Bigger Picture Productions. Homeopathy mystery of healing [Video] Directed by Timothy Dooley. Harrington Park, N.J.: Janson Media. Days and clouds [Film] Directed by Lionello Cerri. USA: Film Movement. UNPUBLISHED WORKS An unpublished work may be a collection of personal research notes; an unpublished thesis; a manuscript; an unpublished paper given at a conference; etc. If there is no identifiable author, use the title of the unpublished work. (Arokiasamy 2008) (Rose and Ramagnano 2013) Arokiasamy, L., Workforce diversity: a human resource development perspective towards organizational performance, lecture note distributed in the unit Organizational Behavior at Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman. Note: The title is not italicized. Rose, L. and Ramagnano, S., (in press) Emergency nurse responsibilities for mechanical ventilation: a national survey. Journal of Emergency Nursing. (Accepted for publication January 2013). Note: The title is not italicized.

11 WEBSITES Author s surname, Initials, Year of publication. Title of page (italicized). [Type of medium] Available at: include web pages address/url (Uniform Resource Locator) [Accessed date]. Website With Author (Albanese 2009) Albanese, A., Fairer compensation for air traveler. [Online]. Available at: minister.infrastructure.go.au/releases/2009 [Accessed 14 October 2012]. Website Without Author (Behaviour modification 2007) Behaviour modification [Online]. Available at: [Accessed 24 December 2011]. Website With Institutional Or Organizational Author (Queensland Health 2009) Queensland Health, Sun safety and physical activity. [Online]. Available at: qld.gov.au/hid/skinhealth/sunsafety/sunsafety AndPhysicalActivity_ap.asp [Accessed 21 April 2012]. Blog (Lynn 2009) Lynn, K., Accelerating permafrost melt poses significant environmental risks, [Blog] 28 November. Available at: [Accessed 23 June 2009].

12 PICTURES, IMAGES AND PHOTOGRAPHS Artist/Photographer's surname, Year of publication. Title (italicized). [Type of medium] Collection Details (Place, url, etc.) (Encyclopedia Britannica 2002) (Tang 2011) Encyclopedia Britannica, Volcano. [Photograph] London: Encyclopedia Britannica, Tang, C. S A Cambodian man rows a boat near a collapsed house in Takeo province [Electronic print] Available at: channel newsasia.com/ stories/afpasiapacific/view/ /1/.html [Accessed on 26 th December 2012]. TABLES OR DIAGRAMS If the table is reproduced entirely, place the citation below the table. Full details should be included in the reference list. Masters, J. R. W., Animal cell culture: a practical approach. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Masters p. 83) PERSONAL COMMUNICATION If the information you are referencing was obtained by a personal communication such as telephone call, interview or , provide as much detail as possible and note the nature of the communication. (Janna 2003) Janna, H., Discussion on influenza A virus transmission directly from birds to humans. [ ] (Personal communication, 13, January 2012).

13 QUOTATIONS For a direct quotation from an author, enclose this in quotation marks, and give the author, date and page number(s) that the quotation was taken from, in brackets. Short Quotation Smith (1992, p.45), stated that "..." Smith, F., To think: in language, learning and education. London: Routledge. Long Quotation (> 50 words) Language, then, like everything else, gradually transforms itself over the centuries. There is nothing surprising in this. In a world where humans grow old, tadpoles change into frogs, and milk turns into cheese, it would be strange if language alone remained unaltered. In spite of this, large numbers of intelligent people condemn and resent language change, regarding alterations as due to unnecessary sloppiness, laziness or ignorance (Aitchison 2001, p.18). Aitchison, J., Language change: progress or decay? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. SECONDARY SOURCE If you have not read a particular source but it was referred to in another work, cite both the original source and the secondary source where you have referred to. (Gibbs 1981, cited in Bowden and Marton 1998, p. 35). Bowden, J and Marton, F., The university of learning. London: Kogan Page. Note: The reference list at the end of your document should only contain works that you have read. For more information on the Harvard Referencing System, please see our Reference Librarian Last updated 5 April 2013

References/Bibliography Harvard Style Based on Style manual for authors, editors and printers / revised by Snooks & Co. 2002

References/Bibliography Harvard Style Based on Style manual for authors, editors and printers / revised by Snooks & Co. 2002 The Harvard style is a generic author-date style for citing and referencing