Final Exam Review, Part II A. Subject/Verb Agreement

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1 Final Exam Review, Part II A. Subject/Verb Agreement DIRECTIONS: In the questions below, choose the correct verb so that subject and verb agree. The first time through, you should refer to the clues. Practice until you can answer all the questions correctly without the clues. Sentences Clue (or rule) 1-2 Make the subject and verb agree when words intervene between them. 3 The grammatical number of the subject does not change with the addition of expressions beginning with such words as the following: accompanied by, along with, as well as, in addition to, including, no less than, not to mention, together with. 4-6 Subjects joined by and usually plural 7-9 Singular subjects joined by or, either... or, neither... nor take a singular verb If one subject singular and one plural, the verb agrees with the ner subject The verb also agrees with the ner subject in person. 14 Do not let inverted word order cause you to make a mtake in agreement When used as subjects, such words as each, either, one, everybody, and anyone singular Every or each preceding singular subjects joined by and calls for a singular verb Collective nouns take a singular verb when they refer to the group as a unit. (Ex.: team, class) Collective nouns take a plural verb when they refer to individuals or parts of the group Some nouns (such as athletics, politics, series, deer, and sheep) can be either singular or plural. 1: The rhythm of the pounding waves calming. 2: All of the dogs in the neighborhood barking. 3: A high tax, not to mention unemployment, votes. influence influences 4: My friends and my mother each other. like likes 5: The team and the band on the field.

2 6: Building a good marriage and building a good log fire similar in many ways. 7: John or Dor to us regularly. write writes 8: Either Patty or Tom asked to lead the meeting. 9: Neither Carol nor Ted excluded from the meeting. 10: Neither the basket nor the apples expensive. 11: Neither the apples nor the basket expensive. 12: Either Maria or you late for class. 13: Either you or Maria late for class. 14: Hardest hit by the high temperatures and drought the farmers. 15: Neither of them going to the show. like likes 16: Each of them a good seat. 17: Everybody in the class tickets. 18: Every silver knife, fork, and spoon to be counted.

3 19: Each cat and each dog its own toy. 20: The committee meeting today. 21: Ten million gallons of oil a lot of oil. 22: The jury today. vote votes 23: The number very small. 24: A number of students absent. 25: Ten million gallons of oil spilled. 26: The majority of us in favor. 27: Stattics an interesting subject. 28: Stattics often mleading. 29: The sheep when the gate left open. stray strays 30: Sheep when the gate left open. stray strays B. Pronoun/Antecedent Agreement Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number, gender, and person. An antecedent the noun or pronoun that a pronoun refers to or replaces.

4 If the pronoun singular, use a singular pronoun. If it plural, use a plural pronoun. Use a plural pronoun to refer to nouns or pronouns joined by and. A pronoun that refers to nouns or pronouns joined by or or nor should agree with the noun or pronoun nest to it. Examples: The young girl paints portraits. Her work popular among wealthy clients. The students apt and they show amazing abilities at an early age. The duke and h wife commsion the girl to paint their portraits. Neither her father nor her sters can conceal their pride. Identify the pronoun and antecedent in the following sentences: 1. Elabetta Sirani a popular painter in the 1600s, although she been nearly forgotten. 2. Elabetta s father a painter, and he tutored Elabetta at time when girls not expected to excel in any profession. 3. When Giovanni saw that Elabetta had talent, he began to dream of commsions. 4. Elabetta opened a painting school; the student body quick to prove their talent. Making Pronouns and Antecedents Agree Identify the correct pronoun that belongs in each sentence. Underline the antecedent/s. 1. Two cardinals make (its, their) home in that tree every spring. 2. Tim and Ted compd (h, their) grotesque bug collections. 3. Flower lovers prize the rose for (its, their) delicate scent. 4. Edgar Allan Poe s writings unfortunately never made (h, him) much money. 5. Like other gifted child performers, Lindsay Lohan once known for learning (her, their) lines quickly. 6. Wanda and Penelope in (her, their) first year of high school. 7. The panther quite beautiful; (its, their) coat jet black. 8. The team excited about (its, their) upcoming game. 9. Kermit invited Piggy to (h, its) party. 10. Sarah and Dor a really big house. Let s throw a party at (her, their) place. Fill in the blanks with the correct pronouns in the following sentences. 1. Mystery novels admired for clever plots and colorful characters. 2. Some detective fiction also praed for vivid description of setting. 3. Among the best-loved fictional detectives Sherlock Holmes, who sometimes relied on even smarter brother. 4. Ms Jane Marple, the Englh detective in many of Agatha Chrtie s novels, did much of sleuthing on the countryside. 5. A mystery novelt s fans likely to form a club based on delight in that author s work. C. Connotation and Denotation Connotation and Denotation two methods for determining the meanings of words. Connotation refers to the variety of positive and negative associations that most words naturally carry with them. Denotation the prece, literal definition of a word that might be found in a dictionary. In short: CONNotation = CONNections (what we imagine when we hear the word) DEnotation = Definitions (the dictionary definition)

5 As a class, dcuss the following lt of words: home, abode, domicile, residence o What the denotation, or general definition) of each of these words? o Of the four, which word the most positive representation? o Which the most negative association for you? Why? o If they each the same DENOTATION (and they do), how can they create such differing associations? Now, the same dcussion for the following lt of words: unattractive.. plain, dull, ugly o What the denotation, or general definition) of each of these words? o Of the four, which word the most positive representation? o Which the most negative association for you? Why? o If they each the same DENOTATION (and they do), how can they create such differing associations? Assignment Directions: Read each lt of words below. Each word a different connotation, but the same general denotation. Decide what the general denotation for each group and write that on your paper. Then, number the words in each group from most positive connotation to most negative connotation. Example: 3. skinny 4. bony 1. slim 5. anorexic 2. slender thin (general denotation) blue down dcouraged depressed teary devastated heavy fat chubby big-boned solid obese infantile young immature juvenile childh smart clever bright we genius attractive beautiful pretty gorgeous lovely D. Inferences

6 An inference an educated guess based on prior knowledge or provided details. When you INFER information about the literature you read, you make some assumptions based on context clues. Directions: Read each passage and then respond to the questions. Each question will ask you to make a logical inference based on textual details. Explain your answer by referencing the text. Every day after work, Paul left h tool belt in the truck. Before he went inside, he took h muddy boots off on the steps of the front porch. Alice would a fit if the boots made it so far as the welcome mat. He then took off h dusty overalls and threw them into a plastic garbage bag; Alice left a new garbage bag tied to the porch railing for him every morning. On h way in the house, he dropped the garbage bag off at the hing machine and went straight up stairs to the shower as he instructed. He would eat dinner with her after he presentable, as Alice had often said. 1. What type of job does Paul work? How do you know th? 2. Describe Alice: What in the text supports your description? 3. What relationship do Paul and Alice? Why do you feel th way? Tommy! Mom called out as she walked in the front door. Tommy! she continued shouting, I sure could use some help with these groceries! There still no reply. Mom walked into the kitchen to put the grocery bags down on the counter when she noticed shattered glass from the picture window all over the living room floor and a baseball not far from there. Th coming out of your allowance, Tommy! Mom yelled, but she yelled to herself. Tommy s shoes gone. 6. What happened to the window? How do you know th? 7. Why did Tommy leave? What in the text supports your description?