UNIT 4. LOOKING GOOD SUMMIT 1 REVIEW & EXTRA PRACTICE

Transcription

1 UNIT 4. LOOKING GOOD SUMMIT 1 REVIEW & EXTRA PRACTICE PROF. JENDRY BARRIOS

2 Expressions of Quantity (Quantifiers) Quantifier Used with count nouns Used with non-count nouns Observation one each every one apple each apple every apple Always followed by a single count noun. two, three, etc. both a couple of a few several many a number of two apples both apples a couple of apples a few apples several apples many apples a number of apples Always followed by a plural count noun. a little much a great deal of less a little rice much rice a great deal of rice less rice Always followed by a noncount noun. no some / any a lot of / lots of plenty of most all a third of more no apples some / any apples a lot of / lots of apples plenty of apples most apples all apples a third of the apples more apples no rice some / any rice a lot of / lots of rice plenty of rice most rice all rice a third of the rice more rice Followed by either a plural count noun or a non-count noun.

3 A few / Few ; A little / Little Quantifier Example Observation a few a little few little She has been here only two weeks, but she has already made a few friends. (Positive idea: She has made some friends.) I m very pleased. I ve been able to save a little money this month. (Positive idea: I have saved some money instead of spending all of it.) I feel sorry for her. She has (very) few friends. (Negative idea: She does not have many friends; she has almost no friends.) I have (very) little money. I don t even have enough money to buy food for dinner. (Negative idea: I do not have much money; I have almost no money.) A few and a little give a positive idea; they indicate that something exists, is present. Few and little (without a) give a negative idea; they indicate that something is largely absent. Very (+ few / little) makes the negative stronger, the number / amount smaller.

4 Using OF in Expressions of Quantity GROUP I: EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY THAT ALWAYS CONTAIN OF a lot of lots of a number of a great deal of a majority of plenty of GROUP II: EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY THAT SOMETIMES CONTAIN OF AND SOMETIMES NOT all (of) most (of) almost all (of) many (of) much (of) a few (of) a little (of) Many of my books are in English. Many of those books are in English. Many of the books are in English. Many books are in English. one (of) two (of) three (of) etc. both (of) several (of) some (of) any (of) Of is used with the expressions of quantity in GROUP II when the noun is specific. A noun is specific when it is preceded by: 1. my, John s (or any possessive) 2. this, that, these, those 3. the Of is not used with the expressions of quantity in GROUP II if the noun it modifies is nonspecific. In the example on the left, the speaker is not referring to specific books, but to books in general.

5 All (of) and Both (of) All of the students in my class are here. ( ) All the students in my class are here. ( ) All students must have an I.D. card. ( ) All of students must have an I.D. card. (X) When a noun is specific (e.g., the students), using of after all is optional. When a noun is nonspecific, of does NOT follow all. I know both (of) those men. ( ) I know both men. ( ) I know both of men. (X) Similarly, using of after both is optional when the noun is specific. When a noun is nonspecific, of does NOT follow both

6 Singular Expressions of Quantity One student was late to class. Each student has a schedule. Every student has a schedule. One, each, and every are followed immediately by singular count nouns (never plural nouns, never non-count nouns). One of the students was late to class. Each (one) of the students has a schedule. Every one of the students has a schedule. One of, each of, and every one of are followed by specific plural count nouns (never singular nouns, never non-count nouns), and the verb is always in the third person singular.

7 Quantifiers used without Referents Most quantifiers can be used without the noun they describe as long as the context has been made clear earlier. A number of people believe there is life on other planets, but many don t. (many people) John has a lot of money. However, Rita only has a little. (a little money) I have three siblings. Jane has four. (four siblings) Amelia has a couple of books to read this month. I don t have any. (any books) You have plenty of time to do your homework. I don t have much, though. (much time)

8 Subject-Verb Agreement with Quantifiers with Of In quantifiers with of, the verb must agree with the noun that comes after of. Some of the movie is in English. A lot of the music was jazz. Some of the movies are in English. A lot of the musicians were young. In formal English, none of is followed by a singular verb. However, in everyday spoken English, it is common to use it with a plural verb. Formal: None of the students was late for class. Informal: None of the students were late for class. The quantifiers one of, each of, and every one of are always followed by a plural noun, but they always take a singular verb. One of the students likes rap music. Every one of the teachers is going to stay after class.

9 Practice I Directions: Click on the links and do the exercises. 1 2 Click on the right answer, then click on the arrow to advance. (Click here) Click on the right answer, then click on NEXT QUESTION to advance. (Click here) 3 4 Chose the correct quantifier. (Click here) Click on the right answer, then click on the arrow to advance. (Click here) 5 Choose a word from the chart to fill each blank. (Click here) 6 7 Follow the instructions. (Click here) Follow the instructions. (Click here)

10 8 Fill in the gaps with the correct quantifiers. (Click here) 9 Click on the correct quantifier. (Click here) 10 Click on the correct quantifier. (Click here) 11 Complete the sentences with the correct quantifiers. (Click here) 12 Choose the correct answer. (Click here) 13 Scroll down and follow the instructions. (Click here) 14 Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences. (Click here) 15 Complete the sentences with the correct quantifier. (Click here) 16 Choose the correct option. (Click here) 17 Follow the instructions. (Click here) 18 Follow the instructions. (Click here) 19 Choose the correct quantifier. (Click here) 20 Choose the correct option. (Click here)