PABLO: WRITTEN HORTATORY ARGUMENT (LETTER OF COMPLAINT)

Transcription

1 PABLO: WRITTEN HORTATORY ARGUMENT (LETTER OF COMPLAINT) Section A : Radio Station Manager of SAFM Dear Sir/Madam, I would like to make a few suggestions to improve your radio station. firstly your station plays the same songs every 5 minutes of the day. Secondly your station plays too many commercials. The Radio D.J that you have there, (Amanda Blair) has to go. Her material old and it isn t even funny. She harasses people and singers about their behind when she doesn t look at her own. Also the games and the competition they do should be cut down and the constant blabbering should be cut down aswell. The way I think you can solve this problem is by having one hour of uninterrupted music. then after the hour has pasted put some commercials and then put another one hour of music, and continue this process. Please take this letter into consideration, for your sake. Your Sincerely Pablo Picas Page 1

2 PABLO: WRITTEN HORTATORY ARGUMENT (LETTER OF COMPLAINT) Genre: for achieving different purposes level of scaffolding independently written based on questions provided by teacher to scaffold writing 9 schematic structure organises the text: rhetorical questions: What are the best strategies? conjunctions: First, Next, Finally, In addition noun group in place of conjunctions: Another reason, One of the main arguments, The principle cause of the increase phrases and dependent clauses of cause: As a result of the rain, Struggling to survive, Despite his poor health phrases and dependent clauses of time, place, manner: Born in 1898, When we had finished, With great care non-finite clauses: Selecting a topic topic words: Antarctica, Pollution action verbs (in procedures): Slice, Boil existential subject to introduce new information: There interpersonal elements: Personally, Obviously, In fact, It is apparent layout: subheadings, diagrams, pictures address, salutation, statement of purpose, statement of opinions and supporting evidence, suggestions for improvement, complimentary closing statement conjunctions: Firstly, Also topic words: The radio DJ interpersonal: Manager of SAFM, Dear Sir/Madam, Please, Your (Yours) Sincerely layout: letter, layout conventions used appropriately, though address incomplete and no date builds cohesion: reference items: my, it, they, him, the, this, these, all of the above, such examples vocabulary patterns - synonyms / antonyms - words that go together: lodge complaint - word sets: gene, inherit, hereditary, dominant, recessive - classification: teeth - canines, molars, premolars, incisors - composition (whole-part): tooth - enamel, dentine, pulp, nerve conjunctions to join sentences: Next, So, Therefore, Hence, Conversely reference items: your, I, their, it, she, they, you, her, one, the, this, a, there, your(s) vocabulary patterns - words that go together: cut down, solve problem, for your sake - word sets: radio station, songs, commercials, DJ, games and competition, music, singers, uninterrupted music, one hour of music conjunctions: Secondly, then joins clauses to expand information: linking conjunctions: and, or, so, and then binding conjunctions: because, if, since, when, so / so that, whenever, though relative clauses: The Suez Canal, which was completed in 1869, non-finite clauses: The team, having seen the results, felt, Having seen the results, the team, To improve the final product projections: Scientists claim that exercise prolongs life. linking: and, then binding: when, after non-finite clauses: by having one hour of uninterrupted music projections: I think (that) you can Page 2

3 PABLO: WRITTEN HORTATORY ARGUMENT (LETTER OF COMPLAINT) Field: for expressing ideas and experiences noun groups: numbers, describers, classifiers, qualifiers: television, a book, the pencil, all day, the children in the water, the children living in the city, The medical discovery that has had the most impact comparatives: funnier, slower, more beautiful, best A few suggestions, your radio station, every 5 minutes of the day, too many commercials, her material, The Radio DJ that you have there, the games and the competition they do, the constant blabbering, one hour of uninterrupted music, one hour of music 10 / 11 nominalisations: likelihood, growth, development, beauty, risk, government, capability, potential suggestions, consideration, process, the blabbering verbs: action: subtract, peered, scanned, demolish mental (sensing): knew, believe, understood, enjoyed, hated saying: said, laughed, shouted, stated, asserted relational: are, became, has, consists of, represents, means verbal groups: wanted to improve, tried estimating phrasal verbs: fell in with the wrong crowd, look it up, put up with, put off, put out action: improve, plays, harasses, look, pasted (passed), take, continue, put, cut down mental (sensing): think, solve relational: have, is verbal groups: like to make phrasal verbs: cut down, look at, take into consideration causal relations: verbs: led to, brought on nouns: the result of the floods, the cause of the injury phrases: because of the heat, in spite of the rain dependent clauses: because the weather was bad, owing to the cyclone threat, if the cyclone hits, in order to end the suffering circumstances and clauses: when: in 1614, when he arrived where: at the sign, standing on stage how: carefully, with great care, like a leopard with whom / what: with his friend, with their belongings when: every 5 minutes of the day, after the hour has pasted (passed) where: there how: by having one hour of uninterrupted music about what: about their behind metaphors: get it off your chest technical vocabulary: digest, high sugar levels, niacin commercials, material, uninterrupted quoting and referencing: direct speech: The police officer said, There were no injuries. reported speech: The manager of the team said that they were referencing: Scientists believe that, According to the weather bureau, Studies have shown Page 3

4 PABLO: WRITTEN HORTATORY ARGUMENT (LETTER OF COMPLAINT) Tenor: for interacting with others speech functions: statements, questions, offers, commands a series of statements expressed as mostly accurate simple, compound and complex sentences, concluding with a polite command (Please take ) 9 / 10 subjectivity / objectivity: subjective: In my opinion objective: The response of the prime minister subjective: I think, I would like objective: your station plays too many commercials modality: certainty: possibly, it suggests, tend to, might be able to, I am sure, will obligation: necessarily, must, demand, they forced frequency: tendency, typical, always inclination: like, willing, preference certainty: can obligation: has to, should inclination: would like to interpersonal meaning: feelings, attitudes: It s beautiful, very, rude, just, only, luckily, unfortunately, importance, outstanding idioms, colloquialisms, euphemisms, humour culturally specific references: dressed in black names to refer to people feelings, attitudes: old, isn t even funny, harasses idioms, humour: blabbering, behind names: Sir/Madam, Amanda Blair, Manager of SAFM appropriateness of tenor language choices appropriately reveal writer s feelings and attitudes and position the writer as having some authority as a listener, final command inappropriately moves from polite to having a threatening tone Page 4

5 PABLO: WRITTEN HORTATORY ARGUMENT (LETTER OF COMPLAINT) Mode: for creating spoken and written texts tenses: primary: past, present, future secondary: other tenses eg was sleeping, wanted to go, haven t played, was going to have to play passive voice: active: The heavy rainfall led to some minor flooding. passive: Minor flooding was caused by the heavy rain. primary - present: plays, have, is, harasses, think, put, continue, take into consideration - secondary: would like, has to go, doesn t look at, should be cut down, can solve, has pasted (passed) passive: should be cut down passive used appropriately to omit agent and thus avoid saying You should 9 foregrounding: referencing: According to the statistics, As shown in the data abstract elements: The destruction of the habitat conjunctions including those in second place: Success, on the other hand, phrases and dependent clauses of cause phrases and dependent clauses of time, place, manner including consecutive phrases of time, place: In Canberra in 1975 non-finite clauses non-human elements: The lathe, Koalas human elements: specific We, general People action verbs: Draw existential subject to introduce new information interpersonal elements abstract elements: Her material, The way I think you can solve this problem conjunctions: firstly (Firstly), Secondly, Also, then after the hour has pasted (passed) time, place manner: then after the hour has pasted (passed) non-human: Her material human: I, The radio DJ, She interpersonal: Please appropriateness of foregrounding foregrounding of human and non-human elements is appropriate for an early persuasive letter, student is beginning to foreground conjunctions and abstract elements as is appropriate to a more written formal letter coherence: introduction, topic sentences and conclusion, and the links between them print conventions: handwriting: letter formation, spacing, direction spelling: link to pronunciation and visual patterns, spelling common and uncommon words, using prefixes and suffixes punctuation: capitals, fullstops, question marks, commas, speech marks, apostrophes, semicolons, dashes, links to intonation abbreviations: cm, 2nd, eg opening statement simply but clearly predicts content of letter, topic sentences do not adequately introduce points being made, same paragraphs could be combined or reorganised to provide clearer links and logical development, simple conclusion spelling: mostly correct except for: aswell (as well), pasted (passed) punctuation: capitals and full stops appropriate most of the time, commas after some phrases and clauses linked to intonation abbreviations: D.J multimedia / multimodal: links between gestures, visual images, sound, light, layout, tables, spoken text and print text Page 5

6 PABLO: WRITTEN INTERPRETATION (SHORT ANSWER RESPONSES) They re a weird mob (VIDEO STUDY) Questions 1. Nino Culotta is an Italian migrant, Nino is a good-hearted gentleman and he is polite, well mannered but he is a bit ignorant. He came to Australia because he came to work on a newspaper as a sports editor for a relative. 2. Nino found work as a brick labourer which is a very difficult job considering you would be working out in the heat all day on a building site. He was working in the suburbs of Sydney, this was when the new housing developments had started in the 1960 s. 3. The people that Nino worked with were typical Assies. They were hard working, they loved to swear and carry on, they were easy to get along with and they loved their beer and rollie cigarettes. 4. There were outlying suburbs being built and Sydney was starting to expand. The harbour site was finished by then and the suburbs were inhabited by ordinary average income families. The inner city sydney was established and bustling. 5. In the 1960 s there were plenty of racism towards migrants because of what they looked like or because they had different customs or beliefs. Also at that time migrants had started opening restaurants and shops which of non Australia involvements. 6. The Australian males were portray as the typical aussie in the movie. They were easygoing, beer drinkers, funny and sometimes on the lazy side. The Australian females were putrayed as these beautiful beach babes with blonde hair and they all had perfect bodies. 7. In the movie you saw Iconic thinks like the hills hoist and Quantas and the harbour bridge. I also noticed that all the brickie men were wearing the good old footy shorts and the blue flanalet singlets. 8. Some of the slangs used in the film were, Your shout, King s blood Cross, blood hell and Good day mate. Some of these slang are still used today and even though these words were considered as rude today they are less ofencive. 9. Some things that are still the same are the mens attitudes, and some sites of Sydney. Some things that have changes is Kings Cross, The way men and woman dress different and today they have different acsent. 10. I believe that Crocidile Dundee was over done and the men from the movie Page 6

7 PABLO: WRITTEN INTERPRETATION (SHORT ANSWER RESPONSES) Genre: for achieving different purposes level of scaffolding schematic structure independently writes short answers in response to written question, often uses the language and structure of the questions written questions structure the responses 9 / 10 organises the text: rhetorical questions: What are the best strategies? conjunctions: First, Next, Finally, In addition noun group in place of conjunctions: Another reason, One of the main arguments, The principle cause of the increase phrases and dependent clauses of cause: As a result of the rain, Struggling to survive, Despite his poor health phrases and dependent clauses of time, place, manner: Born in 1898, When we had finished, With great care non-finite clauses: Selecting a topic topic words: Antarctica, Pollution action verbs (in procedures): Slice, Boil existential subject to introduce new information: There interpersonal elements: Personally, Obviously, In fact, It is apparent layout: subheadings, diagrams, pictures builds cohesion: reference items: my, it, they, him, the, this, these, all of the above, such examples vocabulary patterns - synonyms / antonyms - words that go together: lodge complaint - word sets: gene, inherit, hereditary, dominant, recessive - classification: teeth - canines, molars, premolars, incisors - composition (whole-part): tooth - enamel, dentine, pulp, nerve conjunctions to join sentences: Next, So, Therefore, Hence, Conversely reference items: he, you, this, the, they, their, these, that, Some of these, I vocabulary patterns - synonyms: polite/well-mannered, brick labourer/difficult job, rude/less ofencive (offensive) customs/beliefs - words that go together: easy to get along with, hard working, rollie cigarettes, outlying suburbs, inner city, easy-going, blonde hair, hills hoist, harbour bridge, footy shorts, Good day mate, building site, housing developments, average income families, brick labourer - word sets: newspaper, sports editor - classification: people - migrants; families - relative; males - gentleman, men, brickie men, typical Assies (Aussies), beer drinkers; woman(women) - Australian females, beautiful beach babes - composition:sydney - inner city suburbs, new housing developments, outlying suburbs, the inner city Sydney, The harbour site, Kings Cross conjunctions: Also joins clauses to expand information: linking conjunctions: and, or, so, and then binding conjunctions: because, if, since, when, so / so that, whenever, though relative clauses: The Suez Canal, which was completed in 1869, non-finite clauses: The team, having seen the results, felt, Having seen the results, the team, To improve the final product projections: Scientists claim that exercise prolongs life. linking: and, or, also, but binding: when, because, even though relative clauses: Nino found work as a brick labourer which is a very difficult job (Nino found work as a brick labourer, which is a very difficult job), started opening restaurants and shops which of non Australia involvements (restaurants and shops without involvement of Australians) non-finite clauses: considering you would be working out in the heat all day on a building site projections: I also noticed that all the brickie men were wearing the good old footy shorts, I believe that Crocidile (Crocodile) Dundee was overdone Page 7

8 PABLO: WRITTEN INTERPRETATION (SHORT ANSWER RESPONSES) Field: for expressing ideas and experiences noun groups: numbers, describers, classifiers, qualifiers: television, a book, the pencil, all day, the children in the water, the children living in the city, The medical discovery that has had the most impact comparatives: funnier, slower, more beautiful, best an Italian migrant, a good hearted gentleman, a sports editor, a brick labourer, a very difficult job, a building site, the suburbs of Sydney, the new housing developments, outlying suburbs being built, The harbour site, ordinary average income families, plenty of racism towards migrants, these beautiful beach babes with blonde hair, Iconic thinks (things) like the hills hoist, the good old footy shorts, the blue flanalet (flannelette) singlets, the people that Nino worked with, the way men and woman dress different, Some of the slangs used in the film, Some things that are still the same less ofencive (offensive), different acsent (accents) 9 / 10 nominalisations: likelihood, growth, development, beauty, risk, government, capability, potential work, labourer, developments, involvements, drinkers, migrant, beliefs, racism verbs: action: subtract, peered, scanned, demolish mental (sensing): knew, believe, understood, enjoyed, hated saying: said, laughed, shouted, stated, asserted relational: are, became, has, consists of, represents, means verbal groups: wanted to improve, tried estimating phrasal verbs: fell in with the wrong crowd, look it up, put up with, put off, put out action: came, work, started, found, finished, saw, inhabited, wearing, dress, used, changes(d) mental (sensing): believe, considered, noticed relational: is, was, were, had, are, have, were portrays (portrayed) verbal groups: came to work, loved to swear, starting to expand, started opening phrasal verbs: carry on, to get along with, worked with, looked like causal relations: verbs: led to, brought on nouns: the result of the floods, the cause of the injury phrases: because of the heat, in spite of the rain dependent clauses: because the weather was bad, owing to the cyclone threat, if the cyclone hits, in order to end the suffering phrases: for a relative dependent clauses: considering you would be working out in the heat all day on a building site, because he came to work on a newspaper, because of what they looked like, because they different customs or beliefs circumstances and clauses: when: in 1614, when he arrived where: at the sign, standing on stage how: carefully, with great care, like a leopard with whom / what: with his friend, with their belongings metaphors: get it off your chest when: when the new housing developments had started in the 1960 s, by then, all day, today where: on a newspaper, in the suburbs of Sydney, in the movie, out in the hear how: as a brick labourer, as a sports editor, as these beautiful beach babes with blonde hair technical vocabulary: digest, high sugar levels, niacin quoting and referencing: direct speech: The police officer said, There were no injuries. reported speech: The manager of the team said that they were referencing: Scientists believe that, According to the weather bureau, Studies have shown Iconic thinks, (things), migrant, sports editor, labourer, building site, housing developments, outlying suburbs, average income, established and bustling, customs or beliefs, racism Page 8

9 PABLO: WRITTEN INTERPRETATION (SHORT ANSWER RESPONSES) Tenor: for interacting with others speech functions: statements, questions, offers, commands subjectivity / objectivity: subjective: In my opinion objective: The response of the prime minister modality: certainty: possibly, it suggests, tend to, might be able to, I am sure, will obligation: necessarily, must, demand, they forced frequency: tendency, typical, always inclination: like, willing, preference a series of statements expressed through a variety of mostly accurate and complex sentences. subjective: I believe, I also noticed objective: Nino is a good-hearted gentleman certainty: would be 9 / 10 interpersonal meaning: feelings, attitudes: It s beautiful, very, rude, just, only, luckily, unfortunately, importance, outstanding idioms, colloquialisms, euphemisms, humour culturally specific references: dressed in black names to refer to people feelings, attitudes: good-hearted, polite, well mannered, ignorant, typical, hard-working, easy to get along with, ordinary average income, rude, over done (overdone) idioms, humour: easy going, Your shout, bloody hell, carry on, Good day mate, beach babes, on the lazy side cultural references: hills hoist, Quantas (QANTAS), harbour bridge, King s blood Cross, good old footy shorts and blue flanalet (flanalette) singlets, rollie cigarettes names: Nino Culotta, Nino, Crocodile Dundee appropriateness of tenor language choices position the writer as some authority as a viewer and are mostly objective, hiding the opinion holder as is appropriate. Page 9

10 PABLO: WRITTEN INTERPRETATION (SHORT ANSWER RESPONSES) Mode: for creating spoken and written texts tenses: primary: past, present, future secondary: other tenses eg was sleeping, wanted to go, haven t played, was going to have to play passive voice: active: The heavy rainfall led to some minor flooding. passive: Minor flooding was caused by the heavy rain. foregrounding: referencing: According to the statistics, As shown in the data abstract elements: The destruction of the habitat conjunctions including those in second place: Success, on the other hand, phrases and dependent clauses of cause phrases and dependent clauses of time, place, manner including consecutive phrases of time, place: In Canberra in 1975 non-finite clauses non-human elements: The lathe, Koalas human elements: specific We, general People action verbs: Draw existential subject to introduce new information interpersonal elements primary - present: is, are, have, believe - past: came, found, was, worked, were, loved, had, saw noticed secondary - accurate: was working, had started, had started opening, were wearing - inaccurate: have changes (have changed), were portray (were portrayed) subject verb agreement errors: there were plenty of racism passive: were being built, were inhabited, was established and bustling, were portray(ed) were putrayed (portrayed) passive voice used appropriately to foreground non-human elements such as harbour site and suburbs conjunctions: Also, I also noticed time, place, manner: In the 1960 s, In the movie non-human: The harbour site, The inner city Sydney, Some of the slang(s) used in the film, Some things that are still the same, Some things that have changes(d) human: Nino Culotta, He, Nino, The people that Nino worked with, They, The Australian males, The Australian females, I existential: There interpersonal: I believe 9 / 10 appropriateness of foregrounding coherence: introduction, topic sentences and conclusion, and the links between them appropriate foregrounding of human elements in character descriptions, non-human elements to describe the setting, comment on the use of language and make comparisons between the past and present task does not require an introduction, topic sentences and conclusion print conventions: handwriting: letter formation, spacing, direction spelling: link to pronunciation and visual patterns, spelling common and uncommon words, using prefixes and suffixes punctuation: capitals, fullstops, question marks, commas, speech marks, apostrophes, semicolons, dashes, links to intonation abbreviations: cm, 2nd, eg spelling: accurate spelling of common vocabulary, some errors: Assies (Aussies), flanalet (flannelette), ofencive (offensive), acsent (accent), putrayed (portrayed) punctuation: capitals and fullstops most of the time, commas for lists and after dependent clauses, apostrophes for contractions but not of possession multimedia / multimodal: links between gestures, visual images, sound, light, layout, tables, spoken text and print text Page 10

11 ESL Scales Commentary Scale 9 Pablo s texts provide evidence contributing mostly to Scale 9. A student achieving SACSA Standard 5, the standard for the end of Year 10, should be working around Scale 14. G Text in Context Key Teaching Points Genre Outcome 9.1 Communicates in a wide range of social situations and small range of educational genres and reflects on these in an informed way. Demonstrates an elementary understanding of genres - reflects in simple terms on the purposes, the appropriate structure and common features of a range of elementary genres, such as personal and biographical recounts, simple narratives, procedures, descriptive reports, sequential explanations, simple arguments and summaries Constructs oral and written examples of a range of elementary genres having a number of stages or a series of events - constructs simple oral and written arguments based heavily on modeled and collaboratively constructed texts Writes a letter to the manager of a radio station with appropriate structure: statement of purpose, statement of opinions and supporting evidence, suggestions for improvement, complimentary closing statement. Identifies and uses a small range of significant language features that set up the structure of a text - conjunctions organising arguments: Firstly, Secondly, Also Identifies clauses and expands the information in a text by joining the clauses - forms complex sentences using a wide range of binding conjunctions: when, by, after, because, even though - uses a small range of relative pronouns with varying accuracy: a brick labourer which is a very difficult job,(a brick labourer, which is a very difficult job) shops which of non Australia involvements (shops without involvement of Australians) Uses a range of simple language elements that make a text hang together (ie cohesive resources) - uses a narrow range of conjunctions to join sentences or paragraphs in a text: then, (Then) Also - uses reference items appropriately in longer, increasingly complex factual genres: In the 1960 s Also at that time - uses a small range of synonyms and antonyms: polite/wellmannered, brick labourer/difficult job, rude/less ofencive (offensive) Accurately form complex sentences using a wider range of binding conjunctions and relative pronouns. (Scales 9 and 10) Introduce grammatical elements alternative to conjunctions to organise formal written texts: Another argument instead of Secondly. (Scale 10) Introduce rhetorical questions to begin an argument. (Scale 10) Page 11

12 ESL Scales Commentary Scale 9 Text in Context Key Teaching Points Field Outcome 9.2 Understands and uses common vocabulary that constructs everyday, nontechnical fields and is developing tentative control of technical fields. Demonstrates a greater understanding of vocabulary beyond immediate personal and school experiences Discusses issues relating to migration in the 1960s and compares Australian culture of this era with current practices. Chooses appropriately from a small range of vocabulary when required to make more delicate meanings: Chooses appropriately formal language in letter and short answer responses but uses some colloquial language. Writes and retells simple descriptive texts which construct less familiar topics, such as fantasy characters or creatures Describes some of the characters and setting of a film in short answer responses. Demonstrates understanding of other perspectives and ideas when arguing, although still draws mainly from their own experiences and perspectives Writes from own perspective in letter to station manager, though presents arguments for improvement objectively. Uses more varied vocabulary - verbs expressing mental processes: think, solve, believe, considered, noticed, saw - noun groups: a few suggestions, the constant blabbering, one hour of uninterrupted music, a sports editor, Iconic thinks (things) like the hills hoist - phrases expressing means: by having one hour of uninterrupted music Expands noun groups by using a more delicate choice of - describer: a good hearted gentleman, ordinary average income families - classifier: a building site, the new housing developments, the inner city Sydney - some longer qualifiers: plenty of racism towards migrants, these beautiful beach babes with blonde hair Understands a wide range of nominalisations and uses a small range of examples: suggestions, material, problem, consideration, process, developments, beliefs, racism Introduce phrases expressing the manner of an action: fell like a rag doll. (Scale 10) Expand noun groups by using a more delicate choice of describers, classifiers and more complex qualifiers. (Scale 10) Encourage the use of a wider range of vocabulary when recounting, summarising or paraphrasing. (Scale 10) Incorporate other perspectives and ideas when putting forward arguments. (Scale 10) Page 12

13 ESL Scales Commentary Scale 9 Text in Context Key Teaching Points Tenor Outcome 9.3 Constructs spoken and written texts confidently in a small range of contexts, particularly familiar contexts, and is developing control in a small range of more formal contexts. Uses appropriately a wide range of language elements when expressing a point of view in predominantly informal contexts: it isn t even funny, The way I think you can solve this problem Demonstrates understanding of nonliteral meanings by beginning to use with some confidence a narrow range of common colloquialisms or idioms Demonstrates some critical awareness by identifying and reflecting confidently on the appropriateness of a wide range of linguistic choices Discusses slang used in a film and comments on the appropriateness. Discusses in simple ways and for a narrow range of texts how visual images and language construct stereotypes, bias and prejudice Discusses how characters, genders and cultures were portrayed in a film. Uses a range of simple forms of language expressing modality with a greater degree of accuracy in more formal contexts: I would like to make a few suggestions, the constant blabbering should be cut down Begins to reflect critically on appropriate choice of commands and language expressing modality in various situations: Please take this letter into consideration, for your sake. Chooses confidently from a range of vocabulary to maintain appropriate tenor in a text - chooses behind instead of bum in formal letter - a narrow range of colloquialisms and idioms: easy going, carry on, Your shout, bloody hell, Good day mate, blabbering, on the lazy side Focus on maintaining the appropriate tenor in factual texts by choosing formal rather than colloquial expressions. (Scale 9) Provide further opportunities to reflect on and discuss how visual images and language construct stereotypes, bias and prejudice. (Scales 9 and 10) Encourage the use of simple forms of language expressing modality with a greater degree of accuracy: Fortunately, there is a better alternative. (Scale 10) Explore further how meanings can be made either subjectively or objectively: I think the problem is, or, The problem might be that and discuss appropriateness and effectiveness. (Scale 10) Mode Outcome 9.4 Identifies and compares with some confidence a range of features of spoken, written and visual texts, and generally constructs a range of short coherent texts. Identifies the patterns in what is foregrounded (ie placed at the front) in a genre and begins to identify and use appropriately a small range of alternative language elements to foreground in a narrow range of genres Identifies and discusses with some confidence the meanings made in a range of multimodal texts and demonstrates a tentative critical understanding of cultural reference, such as the depiction of who people are by their clothes Reflects on meanings made in film and the portrayal of Australian males and females: easy going, beer drinkers, beautiful beach babes with blonde hair, the brickie men were wearing the good old footy shorts and the blue flanalet (flanalette) singlets. Understands that changes in the grammar may be required when changing what is forgrounded but does not always have control of that Appropriately changes grammar following change on foregrounding: the games and the competitions they do should be cut down, There were outlying suburbs being built, the suburbs were inhabited by ordinary average income families, The Australian males were portray(ed) Organises texts in longer, logically ordered paragraphs Writes simple introduction, conclusion and topic sentences in formal letter. Foregrounds appropriately in independent constructions of explanations and arguments so that the text is coherent Firstly, Secondly, Also, The way I think you can solve this problem is Demonstrates developing control, with support, of the links between intonation patterns and punctuation Uses capitals, full stops, commas for lists and apostrophes for basic contractions. Uses commas between some phrases and clauses based on intonation. Teach use of apostrophe of possession. (Scales 8 and 9) Continue to develop a critical understanding of cultural references by reflecting on and discussing how meanings are made in multimodal texts. (Scales 9 and 10) Provide texts that model typical patterns of foregrounded elements. (Scale 10) Further develop understandings and control of foregrounding in relation to text organization: increase the complexity of introductions, topic sentences and conclusions. (Scale 10) Page 13