English Grammar Preparation for Secondary Schools

Transcription

1 ར 藏汉双语学生英语系列教材 English for Tibetan and Chinese Bilingual Speakers (Intermediate Level 1) 中学英语语法预习 English Grammar Preparation for Secondary Schools by Plateau English Team

2 PREFACE 前言 This English grammar book is written by the Plateau English Team. See the following tables for further details about editors and participants. The Plateau English Team s textbooks are categorized into three general groups: Elementary, Intermediate, and Advanced, based on the level of content, and these groups are broken down into 1, 2 and 3 based on the core vocabulary and grammar. Categories Content Language Level Target Group Elementary Level 1. Starter 300 Pre-school students 2. Reader 600 Primary school grade 1-3 students 3. Involver 1100 Primary school grade 4-6 students Intermediate Level 1. Comprehender 1600 Middle school students 2. Applier 2200 High school students 3. Analyzer 3100 University Freshmen Advanced Level 1. Evaluator 3600 University Sophomores 2. Researcher 4200 University Juniors and Seniors 3. Creator >5000 Graduate Students This textbook is Intermediate Level 1. It is suitable for middle school students who are interested in reviewing English grammar. It builds the necessary skills to begin studying the series New Senior English For China. The book reviews all English grammar tenses including present, past, future (simple, continuous, perfect) and conditionals. In addition, the book illustrates the usage of modal verbs. Each unit contains an explanation of the grammar point, a reading task, a practice task and a production task. Furthermore, titles are translated into Tibetan and Chinese. We hope that this book is useful! A. Editors and Participants 编辑和参与者 Name 姓名 Roles 职责 ལ Caixiangduojie ཚ དབང ར ར 才项多杰 Editor 主编 Elena McKinlay 埃琳娜麦金利 Participant 参与者 Gerald Roche 杰拉尔德罗氏 Participant 参与者 Gongtaijie 贡太杰 Participant 参与者 Litaiji 李太吉 Chinese editor 汉语主编 Rose Hyson 海玫 English editor 英语主编 Roudanjia 柔旦加 Participant 参与者 Wenchangjia 文昌加 Participant 参与者 Wu Haiyuan 吴海园 Participant 参与者 Xiangqingcairang དབང ཆ ན ཚ ར ང 项青才让 Tibetan editor 藏语主编 Zhoumaoji 周毛吉 Participant 参与者 Zhuoma 卓玛 Participant 参与者

3 CONTENTS ཀ 目录 GLOSSARY 词汇表... 5 CHAPTER ONE: PRESENT TENSES 第一章现在式... 6 Simple Present Tense 一般现在式... 7 Present Continuous Tense 现在进行式... 8 CHAPTER TWO: FUTURE TENSES 第二章将来式... 9 Future Tense (1) 将来式 ( 一 ) Future Tense (2) 将来式 ( 二 ) Future Tense (3) 将来式 ( 三 ) Future Tense (4) 将来式 ( 四 ) CHAPTER THREE: PAST TENSES 第三章过去式 Simple Past Tense 一般过去式 Past Continuous Tense 过去进行式 CHAPTER FOUR: PERFECT TENSES 第四章完成式 Present Perfect Tense 现在完成式 Future Perfect Tense 将来完成式 Past Perfect Tense 过去完成式 CHAPTER FIVE: MODAL VERBS 第五章情态动词 Modal Verbs 情态动词 CHAPTER SIX: CONDITIONALS 第六章条件句... 24

4 Zero Conditional 零类条件句 First Conditional 第一条件句 Second Conditional 第二条件句 Third Conditional 第三条件句 ANSWER KEY 答案 PRESENT TENSES Simple Present Tense Present Continuous Tense FUTURE TENSES Future Tense (Present Continuous): For discussing recent future events Future Tense: For discussing more recent future events Future Tense: For discussing arrivals and departures Future Tense: For discussing longer lengths of time PAST TENSES Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense PERFECT TENSES Present Perfect Tense: For describing the length of time Future Perfect Tense: For talking about the past in the future Past Perfect Tense: For expressing an action in the past before another action MODAL VERBS Modal Verbs: For expressing possibilities CONDITIONALS Zero Conditional: For explaining facts or describing situations that are always true First Conditional: For talking about what might happen in the future Second Conditional: For talking about dreams and hopes that will never happen Third Conditional: For talking about regret... 33

5 GLOSSARY 词汇表 Symbol Explanation Example V1 Simple present tense verb Eat V2 Past tense verb Ate V3 Past participle Eaten V(infinitive) Base verb (to) eat

6 CHAPTER ONE: PRESENT TENSES 第一章现在式

7 Simple Present Tense Formula: S + V1 1 + O 一般现在式 Example: I am a student Reading: Read and underline the present simple tense in the dialogue. A: My name is Duojie. What is your name? B: Hi Duojie. My name is Rose. A: I am a teacher. What is your job? B: I am also a teacher. Where do you teach? A: I teach at Qinghai Normal University. Where do you teach? B: I teach in America. What subject do you teach? A: I teach English. What subject do you teach? B: I am also an English teacher. A: Oh, you are also an English teacher. Where are you going? B: I am going home. See you later! A: Bye. Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with proper tense. My name _is _ (to be) Zhaxi. I _(to be) 20 years old. I _(to be) from Yushu Prefecture. I _(to be) a student at Qinghai Normal University. I _(to study) English. I _(to like) it very much because English _ (to be) an international language. There _ (to be) five people in my family. I _ (to have) a father, a mother, a brother, and a sister. My father _ (to be) a farmer. My mother _(to be) a teacher. My brother and sister _ (to be) students. is, am, are, like, have, has, study, Writing: Write a self-introduction using present simple tense. 1 V1 means present tense verb

8 Present Continuous Tense Formula: S + be (is/am/are) + V1ing + O 现在进行式 Example: I am studying English. Reading: Read the phone conversation. Underline the present continuous tense. A: Hi! What are you doing, Rose? B: I am cooking. What are you doing? A: I am jogging. What are you cooking? B: I am cooking noodles. Where are you jogging? A: I am jogging to my house. B: Oh, you are busy. Enjoy jogging! Bye. A: Bye. Enjoy cooking! Matching: Create sentences by matching from the column. # Subject Be Verb Object Sentences 1 Duojie going home. Duojie is eating meat. 2 Rose doing housework 3 They am cooking noodles. 4 I are jogging. 5 She is eating meat. 6 He having dinner. 7 We studying in the park. 8 Cat washing her hair Speaking: One student does an action and others describe it using present continuous tense. Example: A: What am I doing? B: You are jumping. Writing: Look around the classroom and describe what other people are doing.

9 CHAPTER TWO: FUTURE TENSES 第二章将来式

10 Future Tense (1) 将来式 ( 一 ) Explanation: Future tense (Present Continuous) is used for discussing resent future events Formula: S + be (is/am/are) + V1ing. + Time phrase Example: We are meeting at 7:30pm. Reading: Read the phone conversation. Underline the future tense. A: Hi, Zhaxi. What are you doing tomorrow night? B: Oh! Hi, Duojie. I am meeting Zhuoma at 7:30pm. What are you doing tomorrow night? A: I am having a birthday party. I am calling to invite you. B: Oh, sorry. I will not be able to join your party. A: The party is ending at 12:30am. Can you come later? B: Yes, I will come around 9pm. A: Good. See you then. Matching: Create sentences by matching from the column. # Subject Be Verb Object Sentences 1 Elena going home at Elena is doing housework tomorrow. 7pm. 2 He am are doing housework tomorrow. 3 I is cooking noodles around 6pm. 4 Irene jogging in the morning. 5 Rose painting on Friday. 6 She having dinner with me this evening. 7 They studying in the park this weekend. 8 We leaving soon. Writing: Write a plan for what you are doing tonight. _

11 Future Tense (2) 将来式 ( 二 ) Explanation: Future tense for discussing more recent future events. Example: I am going to study English soon. Reading: Read the dialogue. A: Hi! What are you going to do this afternoon, Rose? B: I am going to visit two friends this afternoon. What are you going to do? A: My sister is sick. I am going to take her to see a doctor. Where are you going to meet your friends? B: We are going to meet at Central Square. Which hospital are you going to take her to? A: I am going to take her to the Number Two Hospital. What are you three going to do at Central Square? B: We are going to fly kites. What time are you going to come back? A: I am going to come back at 4:00pm. B: Oh, do you want to have dinner with us? A: Sure, what time are you going to have dinner? B: We are going to have dinner at 7:30pm. A: Great! See you then. Looking for Patterns: Look at the dialogue. What verbs are used? What is the pattern? Discuss with a partner and try to write the grammar pattern (formula). Verbs used: _ Grammar Pattern: _ Formula: S + be (is/am/are) + going to + infinitive + O Writing: Look at the dialogue above. With a partner write a dialogue about your plans for the next weekend. A: What are you going to do next weekend? B: I am going to read books. A: B: _ A: B: _ A: B: _ A: B: _ A: B: _ A: B: _ A: B: _

12 Future Tense (3) 将来式 ( 三 ) Explanation: Future tense for discussing arrivals and departures Formula: S + V1 + O Example: Right now it is 12:00pm. The bus leaves at 12:30pm. Reading: Read the . Underline future tense for arrivals and departures. Hi Rose, Thank you for letting me stay with you. My bus arrives tomorrow. It leaves Yushu tonight at 6:00pm, and arrives in Xining at 10:00am tomorrow. I am going to stay with you for five days. My train to Beijing leaves on Friday at 2:00pm. Please help me to get to the train station. Thanks, Tashi Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with proper verb form of arrive, depart, leave. Dear Duojie, I am writing to tell you my schedule. My bus _arrives _ in Xining at 2:00pm tomorrow. I will take a train to Lhasa. It _ Xining tonight at 6:00pm, and _ in Lhasa at 6pm tomorrow. I am going to stay for seven days. I am going to return next Saturday. My train _ in Xining at 7:00am, and _ for Beijing at 10:00pm. I hope to see you next Saturday. Sincerely, Kawa Speaking: Work with a partner to write a phone conversation about travel plans. A: Hi! Are you still coming to stay with me tomorrow? B: Yes. Let me tell you my plans. A: Great! When does your bus leave? B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

13 Future Tense (4) 将来式 ( 四 ) Explanation: Future tense for discussing longer lengths of time Formula: S + will + V1 Example: I will move to Xining in October. Reading: Read the letter. Underline the future tense. Dear Duojie, I will have a job interview at the beginning of May. If I get the job, I will move to Xining in August. Many people will help me to pack my things in Guide County Middle School. I am writing this letter to ask for your help in Xining. Firstly, will you look for an apartment for me? Secondly, when I arrive in Xining, will you meet me at the Bus Station? Finally, I will also need help with unpacking. Will you be able to help me? I would appreciate if you could help me! Thanks, Rose Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with correct future tense of come, be, wait, finish, meet, arrive. # Gaps A Hi! Caiyang. When _will_ you _come_ to Xining? B Hi! Duojie. I on Friday. A What time you here? B I around 10:30am. A Oh, I won t be able to meet you on time. I teaching at 10:30am. I you at the Bus Station at 11:00am. B I see. That fine. I for you at Noodle King Restaurant. It is across the street from the Bus Station. A Sure, we can eat lunch there. B Great! See you tomorrow. Speaking: Discuss what you will do during this coming holiday. Make a list of your plans, and find two other classmates who have the same plans as you. Example: A: What will you do during the holiday? B: First, I will go home. Then, I will help my mother to harvest barley. Writing: Write about a classmate s plan for the coming holiday. Use as many forms of future tense as possible.

14 CHAPTER THREE: PAST TENSES 第三章过去式

15 Simple Past Tense Formula: S + V2 2 + O 一般过去式 Example: Rose left the US in Reading: Read the story. Underline the past tense. There was a boy from a village. He took care of a flock of sheep. He loved his sheep. He wanted his sheep to be happy and healthy. One day he took them to the mountains. There was no one else there. The boy was alone. He did not like it. He played with some sheep. He was bored and sad. He had an idea. He looked at the fields in the valley. He yelled, "Farmers! A wolf is coming. It will eat my sheep. Please help me save them!" The farmers came. They were ready to kill the wolf. When they arrived, the sheep were safe. The boy had lied to them. The farmers were angry and frustrated. They wanted to yell at the boy. He was hiding and they could not find him. The farmers left. At sunset, the boy heard a sound. It was a wolf. He saw the wolf come and kill his sheep. He yelled, "Help! A wolf is eating my sheep!" sheep. This time, no one came to help. They did not believe him. The wolf killed all of the The boy was very sad. He never lied again. Questions: Use the past tense to answer the questions. 1. Where was the boy from? _ 2. What did he take care of? _ 3. What did he tell the farmers? 4. How did the farmers feel? _ 5. What happened when the wolf came? _ 6. If you were the boy, what would you do differently? 2 V2 means past tense form of verb. Example: ate, went, laughed

16 Past Continuous Tense Formula: S + be (was/were) + V1ing + O 过去进行式 Example: Duojie was studying when I saw him yesterday. Reading: Read the story. Underline while and when, and circle the verbs. 1. Duojie was typing when Rose entered the office. 2. Rose s mom called her while she was eating breakfast. 3. Zhaxi was waiting outside of the classroom when Rose arrived. 4. While we were having English Class, the principle opened the door. 5. I was walking to school when the rain began. 6. When I saw Rose, she was printing a book. 7. When I left this morning, my roommates were still sleeping. 8. He turned off the stove while she was cooking. 9. They were watching TV when the power went out. 10. They were eating dinner when someone took her phone. Discuss the grammar pattern in groups. Grammar Pattern for when: Grammar Pattern for while: Past Simple (entered) Past Continuous (was typing) Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with correct verb tenses. 1. While I _was cooking_ (cook) my breakfast yesterday, my friend _called_(call) me from Korea. 2. While I (do) laundry, I (play) a computer game. 3. I (take) a bus when you (call) me. 4. I (exercise) when one of my students (text) me. 5. He (pass) a note when the teacher (yell) at him. 6. She (take) a picture with her phone while the teacher (teach). 7. Elena (ran) out of the classroom while the teacher (write) on the board. 8. Teacher Zhaxi (walk) by while I (cheat) on my test. 9. I (play) on QQ when my teacher (smack) me on the head. 10. The teacher (flick) my ear while I (sleep) in class. Writing and Speaking: Read the following crime story and answer the question. Yesterday, during class, our teacher noticed that she had lost her textbook. She tried to remember where she had left it. She thought that while she was taking a break, someone took her textbook. Q: What did you do while the teacher was taking a break? What were you doing when the teacher left the room? Where were you while the teacher was taking a break? Ask your classmates what they were doing to find out who took the textbook. Be sure to use when and while.

17 CHAPTER FOUR: PERFECT TENSES 第四章完成式

18 Present Perfect Tense 现在完成式 Explanation: For describing the length of time that someone has done something Formula: S + has/have + been + V1ing + for + time phrase Example: Zhaxi has been managing this program for thirty years. Reading: Read the resume cover letter and answer the questions below. Cairang Duojie qinghaicr@gmail.com /03/03 To Whom It May Concern: I am a grade-four college student. I study English at Qinghai Normal University. I am writing this letter in response to your job posting. I feel that I am a great English teacher for many reasons. Firstly, I have been speaking three languages for over ten years. Tibetan is my mother tongue. I have been studying Chinese since primary school. In addition, I have been studying English for ten years. Secondly, I have been learning from foreign teachers for the last three years. I believe that their way of teaching is fun and useful. I have been using their way of teaching during my internship, which began in September. I plan on using it in the future. Thirdly, I have been teaching Tibetan and English in different holiday training programs for three years. Furthermore, I have been tutoring freshmen in English for two years. I really like teaching. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, Cairang Duojie

19 Questions: Answer the following questions. Use complete sentences. 1. Where does Cairang study? 2. How long has he been in university? 3. Why is he writing the letter? 4. What is his mother tongue? 5. What has he been studying? 6. How long has he been studying Tibetan, English and Chinese? 7. What way of teaching has he been using? For how long? _ 8. Has he been teaching Chinese for seven years? 9. What has he been doing with freshmen? 10. If you were looking for a teacher, would you choose Cairang? Why? Writing: Write your own resume cover letter. _

20 Future Perfect Tense 将来完成式 Explanation: For talking about the past in the future Formula: S + will have + V3 + time phrase Example: In 2004, I will have taught English for five years. Look at these example sentences in the future perfect tense: + I will have finished by 10am. + You will have forgotten me by then. - She will not have Gone to school. - We will not have left.? Will you have arrived?? Will they have received it? Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with future tense 1. By the time I am fifty, I _will have done_ (do) many things. I (travel) around the world. I (get) married. I (have) two children. I (learn) how to cook Tibetan food very well. I (hike) the tallest mountain and (swim) in the deepest lake. 2. I (edit) all your papers by tomorrow morning. By tomorrow evening, I (return) all your papers to you and (explain) all your mistakes. By midnight tomorrow, I (sleep) for two hours and you (print) your papers. By Saturday at 4pm, you (pass) your exams. Writing: Complete the following sentences by answering the question What will you have done by the following times? 1. By 2014, _ 2. By 2024, _ 3. By 2034, _ 4. By 2044, _ 5. By 2054, _ 6. By 2064, _

21 Past Perfect Tense 过去完成式 Explanation: For expressing an action in the past before another action in the past Formula: S + had + V3 + when + S + V2 Example: I had already eaten when you invited me to dinner. Reading: Read the following dialogue. Underline the past perfect tense and answer the questions. David: You asshole! Sarah: What?! David: Why didn t you come to dinner yesterday? Sarah: I had already eaten when you called me. David: But yesterday was my birthday! I had invited you to dinner a week ago. Sarah: Oops! I had forgotten. Please forgive me. David: I had looked forward to my birthday party for a week and you didn t come. Sarah: I am so sorry. What can I do for you? David: Nothing. It s too late. Questions 1. Why was David angry at Sarah? 2. Why didn t Sarah go to dinner? 3. How long ago had David invited Sarah to dinner? _ 4. How long had David looked forward to his birthday? _ Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with past perfect tense 1. My father _had_ already _named_ (name) me before I was born. 2. My parents already (choose) my husband when I was in middle school. 3. They already (arrange) my marriage before they told me I was getting married. 4. The school already (decide) my major before I entered. 5. My family already (plan) my future before I even began college. 6. The leaders already (make) the decision before the meeting began. 7. The receipt already (arrive) but the book had not. 8. They already (break) the engagement when the wedding invitations arrived. 9. The songs already (be put) online before the CD was made. 10. The new building already (fall over) before people lived there.

22 CHAPTER FIVE: MODAL VERBS 第五章情态动词

23 Modal Verbs 情态动词 Explanation: For expressing possibilities MV Examples Usages Will I will go to school tomorrow unless I get sick. Future event that will happen (a high degree of possibility) Would I would buy a house if I had enough money. Second and third conditional (medium to low degree of possibility) May Teacher, may I come in? May I Most polite statement and request help you? Might A: Whose book is this? B: It might be Elena s. Talks about things that you re not sure about (medium to low degree of possibility) A: Will you go to park tomorrow? B: I might go to the park tomorrow if the weather is good. Must A: Whose book is this? Commands and things that you re sure about. B: It must be Elena s. Her name is on it. A: You must return this book to Elena. Shall Shall we leave? Formal way of asking Should You re sick and you should go to Recommendations and advice the hospital. Can A: I can ride a bicycle. Can you? B: I can t ride a bicycle but I can drive a car. Ability and request Could A: Could help me? B: Yes, I can. More polite request and conditionals (medium to low degree of possibility) Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with correct modal. Before 2012, Rose not teach English grammar well. Then she thought she learn how to teach English grammar. She asked many friends where she go. Some friends said that she want to attend this school, and some said she want to attend that school. Finally, her best friend said that she attend Oxford because it has a great English program. She began attending Oxford in She finished studying in Now she teach English to anyone. Speaking and Writing: Use the modal verbs to make a dialogue and practice with a partner A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

24 CHAPTER SIX: CONDITIONALS 第六章条件句

25 Zero Conditional 零类条件句 Explanation: For explaining facts or describing situations that are always true Formula: If + S + V1, S + V1 / S + V1 if + S + V1 Example: If I go to school, I get up at 7am. I get up at 7am if I go to school. Reading: Read the sentences and make five more sentences using zero conditional. Share them with your classmates. 1. If I go to work, I finish at 6pm. 2. I arrive home at 6:30pm if I leave work on time. 3. If you break a rule, you get in trouble. 4. Teacher gets angry if you skip class. 5. You get ZERO if you cheat. 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _

26 First Conditional 第一条件句 Explanation: For talking about what might happen in the future Formula: If + S + V1, S + will + V (infinitive). S + will + V (infinitive). if + S + V1 Example: If you study hard, you will pass the exam. You will pass the exam if you study hard. Reading: Read the dialogue and answer the questions below. Mother: What are you doing? Son: I am playing with my toys. Mother: If you get too dirty, I will have to wash you. Son: If you wash me, I will cry. Mother: If you cry, I will tell your father. Son: I will run away if you tell my father. Mother: If you don t come inside now, I will not give you dinner. Son: I am coming. Look! I am clean! Questions 1. What will the mother do if the son gets dirty? 2. What will the son do if the mother washes him? 3. What will the mother do if the son cries? _ 4. What will the son do if the mother does not give him dinner? Speaking: Create a dialogue in groups. A: I hate learning English! B: If you learn English, you will be able to talk to foreigners. A: _ B: _ A: _ B: _ A: _ B: _ A: _ B: _ A: _ B: _ A: _ B: _ A: _ B: _

27 Second Conditional 第二条件句 Explanation: For talking about dreams and hopes that will never happen Formula: If + S + V2, S + would / could + V (infinitive) S + would / could + V (infinitive) if + S + V2 Example: If I had a lot of money, I would build a school. I would build a school if I had a lot of money. Reading: Read the dialogue and answer the questions below. A: Bob, what would you wish for if you could make three wishes? Why? B: I would wish for health, money and happiness. If I was healthy, I would be able to do many things. If I was rich, I could buy whatever I want. If I were happy, I would have a great life. Aaron, if you could make three wishes what would you wish for and why? A: I would wish for a brother because if I had a brother, I wouldn t have to do as much work. I would wish for a good job because if I had a good job, then I could feed my family. Finally, I would wish for a nice home because it would make me happy. Amy, what would you do if you could make three wishes? C: I would go to a good college, find a good job and marry a good man. If I went to a good college, I could get a good job. If I got a good job, I could find a good man. If I found a good man, then I would be happy. Questions 1. What would Amy wish for if she could make three wishes? Why? 2. What would Bob wish for if he could make three wishes and why? 3. What would Aaron wish for if he could make three wishes? Why? 4. What would you wish for if you could make three wishes and why? _ Speaking: Discuss one of the following situations by using second conditional. What would you do if you saw this: 0. A car accident. (If I saw a car accident, I would call the police.) 1. A person falls over. 2. A car runs over a dog. 3. A student is cheating on an exam. 4. Someone is stealing another person s money.

28 Third Conditional Explanation: For talking about regret 第三条件句 Formula: If + Past Perfect, S + would + have + V3 S + would + have + V3 if + Past Perfect Example: If I had gone to the party, I would have had a great time. I would have had a great time if I had gone to the party. Reading: Read the letter and answer the questions. Dear Teacher, I am very sorry for not listening to you. Yesterday, I was very tired. If I had gone to bed early last night, I would have been on time this morning. Unfortunately, I had too much homework last night. I know that I could have done my homework earlier. I would have gone to bed early if I had done my homework two days ago. Because I was so tired I fell down the stairs and I hit my head on the floor. If I hadn t hit my head, I would have felt good during class. However, I did hit my head and I couldn t pay attention during class. In the future, I will do my homework on time, go to bed early, and listen to your class. Sincerely, Duojie Questions 1. Why didn t Duojie listen during the class? _ 2. What would have happened if he had gone to bed early? 3. What happened to Duojie? Why? _ 4. Write the sentences from the letter that use third conditional. 5. Write five new sentences that use third conditional. Writing: Think of something that you feel sorry about. Write a letter of regret.

29 ANSWER KEY 答案

30 PRESENT TENSES Simple Present Tense Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with proper tense. My name is Zhaxi. I am 20 years old. I am from Yushu Prefecture. I am a student at Qinghai Normal University. I study English. I like it very much because English is an international language. There are five people in my family. I have a father, a mother, a brother, and a sister. My father is a farmer. My mother is a teacher. My brother and sister are students. Present Continuous Tense Matching: Create sentences by matching from the column. Notes: Any sentence is acceptable if the be verb is correct. FUTURE TENSES Future Tense (Present Continuous): For discussing recent future events Matching: Create sentences by matching from the column. Notes: Any sentence is acceptable if the be verb is correct. Future Tense: For discussing more recent future events Writing: Look at the dialogue above. With a partner write a dialogue about your plans for the next weekend. Notes: Any sentence is acceptable if the tense is used properly. Future Tense: For discussing arrivals and departures Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with proper verb form of arrive, depart, leave. Dear Duojie, I am writing to tell you my schedule. My bus arrives in Xining at 2:00pm tomorrow. I will take a train to Lhasa. It departs / leaves Xining tonight at 6:00pm, and arrives in Lhasa at 6pm tomorrow. I am going to stay for seven days. I am going to return next Saturday. My train arrives in Xining at 7:00am, and departs / leaves for Beijing at 10:00pm. I hope to see you next Saturday. Sincerely, Kawa Future Tense: For discussing longer lengths of time Formula: S + will + V1 Example: I will move to Xining in October. Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with correct future tense of come, be, wait, finish, meet, arrive. # Gaps A Hi! Caiyang. When are you coming to Xining? B Hi! Duojie. I am coming on Friday. A What time are you arriving here? B I am arriving around 10:30am. A Oh, I won t be able to meet you on time. I finish teaching at 10:30am. I will meet you at the Bus Station at 11:00am. B I see. That will be fine. I will wait for you at Noodle King Restaurant. It is across the street from the Bus Station. A Sure, we can eat lunch there. B Great! See you tomorrow.

31 PAST TENSES Simple Past Tense Formula: S + V2 3 + O Example: Rose left the US in Questions: Use the past tense to answer the questions. 1. Where was the boy from? The boy was from a village. 2. What did he take care of? He took care of sheep. 3. What did he tell the farmers? He told them that a wolf was coming. 4. How did the farmers feel? They felt angry and frustrated. 5. What happened when the wolf came? The wolf killed all of the sheep. 6. If you were the boy, what would you do differently? Any answer is OK. Past Continuous Tense Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with correct verb tenses. 1. While I was cooking my breakfast yesterday, my friend called me from Korea. 2. While I was doing laundry, I played a computer game. 3. I was taking a bus when you called me. 4. I was exercising when one of my students texted me. 5. He was passing a note when the teacher yelled at him. 6. She took a picture with her phone while the teacher was teaching. 7. Elena ran out of the classroom when the teacher was writing on the board. 8. Teacher Zhaxi walked by while I was cheating on my test. 9. I was playing on QQ when my teacher smacked me on the head. 10. The teacher flicked my ear while I was sleeping in class. PERFECT TENSES Present Perfect Tense: For describing the length of time that someone has done something Questions: Answer the following questions. Use complete sentences. 1. Where does Cairang study? He studies at Qinghai Normal University 2. How long has he been in university? He has been in the university for four years. 3. Why is he writing the letter? He is writing the letter in response to a job posting. 4. What is his mother tongue? His mother tongue is Tibetan. 5. What has he been studying? He has been studying Chinese and English. 6. How long has he been studying Tibetan, English and Chinese? He has been studying Tibetan since he was born. He has been studying English for ten years. He has been studying Chinese since primary school. 7. What way of teaching has he been using? For how long? He has been using his foreign teachers way of teaching during internship (for six months). 8. Has he been teaching Chinese for seven years? No. He has been teaching Tibetan and English for three years. 9. What has he been doing with freshmen? He has been tutoring them for two years. 10. If you were looking for a teacher, would you choose Cairang? Why? Any answer with correct grammar is OK. Future Perfect Tense: For talking about the past in the future Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with future tense 1. By the time I am fifty, I will have done many things. I will have traveled around the world. I will have gotten married. I will have had two children. I will have learned how to cook Tibetan food very well. I will have hiked the tallest mountain and swum in the deepest lake. 3 V2 means past tense form of verb. Example: ate, went, laughed

32 2. I will have edited all your papers by tomorrow morning. By tomorrow evening, I will have returned all your papers to you and explained all your mistakes. By midnight tomorrow, I will have slept for two hours and you will have printed your papers. By Saturday at 4pm, you will have passed your exams. Past Perfect Tense: For expressing an action in the past before another action in the past Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with past perfect tense 1. My father had already named me before I was born. 2. My parents had already chosen my husband when I was in middle school. 3. They had already arranged my marriage before they told me I was getting married. 4. The school had already decided my major before I entered. 5. My family had already planned my future before I even began college. 6. The leaders had already made the decision before the meeting began. 7. The receipt had arrived but the book had not. 8. They had already broken the engagement when the wedding invitations arrived. 9. The songs had already been put online before the CD was made. 10. The new building had fallen over before people lived there. MODAL VERBS Modal Verbs: For expressing possibilities Gap Filling: Fill in the gaps with correct modal. Before 2012, Rose could not teach English grammar well. Then she thought she should learn how to teach English grammar. She asked many friends where she should go. Some friends said that she might want to attend this school, and some said she might want to attend that school. Finally, her best friend said that she must / should attend Oxford because it has a great English program. She began attending Oxford in She finished studying in Now she can teach English to anyone. CONDITIONALS Zero Conditional: For explaining facts or describing situations that are always true Reading: Read the dialogue and answer the questions below. Notes: Any sentences with correct zero conditional are OK. First Conditional: For talking about what might happen in the future Formula: If + S + V1, S + will + V (infinitive). Questions 1. What will the mother do if son gets dirty? She will wash him if he gets dirty. 2. What will the son do if the mother washes him? He will cry if she washes him. 3. What will the mother do if the son cries? She will tell his father if he cries. 4. What will the son do if the mother does not give him dinner? Any answers with correct first conditional are OK. Second Conditional: For talking about dreams and hopes that will never happen Formula: If + S + V2, S + would / could + V (infinitive) Questions 1. What would Amy wish for if she could make three wishes? Why? She would go to a good college, find a good job and marry a good man. If she went to a good college, she could get a good job. If she got a good job, she could find a good man. If she found a good man, then she would be happy. 2. What would Bob wish for if he could make three wishes and why? He would wish for health, money and happiness. If he were/was healthy, he would be able to do many

33 things. If he was rich, he could buy whatever he wanted. If he were happy, he would have a great life. 3. What would Aaron wish for if he could make three wishes? Why? He would wish for a brother because if he had a brother, he wouldn t have to do as much work. He would wish for a good job because if he had a good job, then he could feed my family. Finally, he would wish for a nice home because it would make him happy. 4. What would you wish for if you could make three wishes and why? Any answers with correct second conditional are OK. Third Conditional: For talking about regret Questions 1. Why didn t Duojie listen during the class? He was tired and he hit his head / his head hurt. 2. What would have happened if he had gone to bed early? If had gone to bed early, he would have been on time. 3. What happened to Duojie? Why? He fell down the stairs and hit his head on the floor because he was tired. 4. Write the sentences from the letter that use third conditional. a. If I had gone to bed early last night, I would have been on time this morning. b. I would have gone to bed early if I had done my homework two days ago. c. If I hadn t hit my head, I would have felt good during class. 5. Write five new sentences that use third conditional. Any sentences with proper third conditional are OK