English 11. January 13, 2014

Transcription

1 English 11 January 13, 2014

2 Agenda - 1/14/2014 Collect Signed Grade Sheets Collect Grammar Worksheets Discuss Grammar Worksheets (Appositives and Apostrophes) Improving Vocabulary Unit 2: Chapter 8 Journal/Vocab Practice Grammar Review Subject-Verb Agreement REVIEW Fragments, Comma Splices & Fused Sentences Exam Study Guide HOMEWORK: Complete Exam Review Guide (Due 1/17) Don t forget: All late work (with a late pass) and Weapons Search Essay rewrites are due on 1/17!

3 Apostrophes The watches owned by the men The men s watches The contract of they would They d

4 Unit Two: Chapter 8 attest attribute discern dispatch enhance enigma exemplify mobile nocturnal orient

5 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 attest verb Anyone who has seen the Golden Gate Bridge in the rose-gold light of sunset can attest to its beauty. Witnesses attest to the fact that rainfall makes the ground of Death Valley so slippery that boulders slide across it. Attest means A. to declare to be true. B. to wish for. C. to forget easily.

6 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 attest verb Anyone who has seen the Golden Gate Bridge in the rose-gold light of sunset can attest to its beauty. Witnesses attest to the fact that rainfall makes the ground of Death Valley so slippery that boulders slide across it. Attest means A. to declare to be true. B. to wish for. C. to forget easily. Seeing such a sight would enable one to declare the truth of the beauty. People who are witnesses would be able to declare the event to be true.

7 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 attribute noun A three-hundred-page novel written in 1939 has the odd attribute of containing no e, the most common letter in English. Some cars have computerized attributes such as windshield wipers that automatically turn on when it rains. Attribute means A. a tendency. B. a defect. C. a characteristic.

8 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 attribute noun A three-hundred-page novel written in 1939 has the odd attribute of containing no e, the most common letter in English. Some cars have computerized attributes such as windshield wipers that automatically turn on when it rains. Attribute means A. a tendency. B. a defect. C. a characteristic. Not containing a single e is a characteristic of the novel. The second item gives an example of a computerized characteristic of some cars.

9 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 discern verb An experienced jeweler can easily discern whether a diamond is genuine or fake. People who are red-green colorblind can discern the colors of traffic lights by recognizing shades of gray. Discern means A. to see clearly. B. to disregard. C. to change.

10 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 discern verb An experienced jeweler can easily discern whether a diamond is genuine or fake. People who are red-green colorblind can discern the colors of traffic lights by recognizing shades of gray. Discern means A. to see clearly. B. to disregard. C. to change. If a jeweler is experienced, he or she would be able to see clearly whether a diamond is genuine or fake. If red-green colorblind people can recognize shades of gray, they would be able to see clearly the colors of a traffic light.

11 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 dispatch verb I wanted to dispatch the letter as quickly as possible, so I took it to the post office instead of dropping it into a mailbox. At work Harold is treated like an errand boy. His boss often dispatches him to the deli for sandwiches or donuts. Dispatch means A. to represent. B. to send. C. to drive.

12 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 dispatch verb I wanted to dispatch the letter as quickly as possible, so I took it to the post office instead of dropping it into a mailbox. At work Harold is treated like an errand boy. His boss often dispatches him to the deli for sandwiches or donuts. Dispatch means A. to represent. B. to send. C. to drive. A person would take the letter to the post office in order to send it as quickly as possible. The boss would send Harold to the deli for sandwiches or donuts.

13 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 enhance verb Our gym teacher enhanced her appearance with a more attractive hairstyle. The college catalogue stated that the writing course would enhance all students writing skills by improving their grammar and style. Enhance means A. to make better. B. to recognize. C. to reduce.

14 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 enhance verb Our gym teacher enhanced her appearance with a more attractive hairstyle. The college catalogue stated that the writing course would enhance all students writing skills by improving their grammar and style. Enhance means A. to make better. B. to recognize. C. to reduce. A more attractive hairstyle would make the teacher s appearance better. In the second item, the word improving suggests that enhance means to make better.

15 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 enigma noun How the thief entered our house was an enigma until we remembered that the cellar door had been left unlocked. The singing sands of Scotland remained an enigma until scientists learned that footsteps caused the round grains of sand and the surrounding air pockets to make musical vibrations. Enigma means A. a comfort. B. a puzzle. C. an error.

16 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 enigma noun How the thief entered our house was an enigma until we remembered that the cellar door had been left unlocked. The singing sands of Scotland remained an enigma until scientists learned that footsteps caused the round grains of sand and the surrounding air pockets to make musical vibrations. Enigma means A. a comfort. B. a puzzle. C. an error. How the thief entered the house would be a puzzle until they remembered the unlocked cellar door. Until scientists came up with an explanation for the singing sands, the sands would have been a puzzle.

17 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 exemplify verb The many IRS employees who give citizens inaccurate information exemplify governmental incompetence. Mr. Ramirez, who emphasizes original thinking and freedom of expression, exemplifies the best in teaching. Exemplify means A. to illustrate. B. to save. C. to oppose.

18 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 exemplify verb The many IRS employees who give citizens inaccurate information exemplify governmental incompetence. Mr. Ramirez, who emphasizes original thinking and freedom of expression, exemplifies the best in teaching. Exemplify means A. to illustrate. B. to save. C. to oppose. Specific government employees who give inaccurate information would illustrate general governmental incompetence. A teacher who emphasizes original thinking and freedom of expression would illustrate the best in teaching.

19 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 mobile adjective My parents own a mobile home, which can be moved from place to place. Every morning when I was in the hospital, a volunteer wheeled a mobile library into my room. Mobile means A. active. B. expensive. C. moveable. A mobile home Photo: Amanda Bicknell/FEMA

20 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 mobile adjective My parents own a mobile home, which can be moved from place to place. Every morning when I was in the hospital, a volunteer wheeled a mobile library into my room. A mobile home being towed to its destination Mobile means A. active. B. expensive. C. moveable. If the home can be moved from place to place, it must be moveable. If the library was wheeled into the patient s hospital room, it must have been a moveable library. Photo: Amanda Bicknell/FEMA

21 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 nocturnal adjective I know when my brother has enjoyed one of his nocturnal feasts because I find a stack of dishes in the sink in the morning. Since owls are nocturnal, they are rarely seen during the day. Nocturnal means A. noisy. B. busy. C. of the night. A nocturnal street scene

22 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 nocturnal adjective I know when my brother has enjoyed one of his nocturnal feasts because I find a stack of dishes in the sink in the morning. Since owls are nocturnal, they are rarely seen during the day. A nocturnal street scene Nocturnal means A. noisy. B. busy. C. of the night. If the dishes are in the sink the next morning, the brother must have snacked during the night. If owls are rarely seen during the day, they must be creatures of the night.

23 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 orient verb When coming up from the subway, I often need to look at a street sign to orient myself. Certain cars let drivers orient themselves in unfamiliar places with the help of an electronic map that shows the car s location. Orient means A. to locate. B. to welcome. C. to question.

24 TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 orient verb When coming up from the subway, I often need to look at a street sign to orient myself. Certain cars let drivers orient themselves in unfamiliar places with the help of an electronic map that shows the car s location. Orient means A. to locate. B. to welcome. C. to question. One would look at a street sign in order to locate oneself. In the second item, the word location suggests that orient means to locate.

25 Writing Prompt Next Generation Reality 1/14/2014 Write a letter to a cable TV channel explaining your idea for a new reality show. Include information about the location for the show, the title, the kinds of people you would want to be on it, and the way it would differentiate itself from other reality programming. Make your pitch as market-savvy and commercial as possible.

26 What s wrong with these sentences? There is too many pictures on the wall. Or this one? Everybody but Julio want to go home. Or this one? All the people wants to win the lottery. The subjects and verbs don t agree!

27 How do we fix them? There are too many pictures on the wall. A plural subject goes with a plural verb. Everybody but Julio wants to go home. A singular subject goes with a singular verb. All the people plans to win the lottery. A plural subject goes with a plural verb. Now the subjects and verbs agree!

28 To be correct, subjects and verbs must agree They must agree in NUMBER: Singular subjects go with singular verbs. Everyone wants to win the lottery. Plural subjects go with plural verbs. All the players want to win the game. Number is always about Singular & Plural

29 What causes problems with S/V agreement? Words between the subject and the verb: The shoes in the closet needs to be shined. In the closet is a prepositional phrase between the subject shoes and the verb need. To be correct, the verb should be: need with no s The shoes in the closet need to be shined. Common Prepositions about before during inside over above below except in through across beside for of to around between from off under at by in on with

30 Verb before the subject Inside the garage are the shovel. Across the border is Reynosa and Progresso. Where is the instructions for the X-Box? Shouldn t they be? Inside the garage is the shovel. Across the border are Reynosa and Progresso. Where are the instructions for the X-Box?

31 Indefinite Pronouns [-0ne words] [-body words] [-thing words] one nobody nothing each anyone anybody anything neither everyone everybody everything either someone somebody something All of these indefinite pronouns are singular Nobody have a clue about what they are doing. (should be has) Everything are ready for the party. (should be is) Neither Fred, nor Ed, nor Ted know the way. (should be knows) All and both, however, are plural All of them wants to go. (should be want)

32 Joel is one of those people who is very private. (should be are) Compound Subjects Subjects joined by and usually take a plural verb. Diet and exercise is ways to be healthy. (should be are) Ambition and luck was Juan s keys to success. (should be were) Who, Which and That If they stand for singular words, who, which and that take singular verbs: Rebecca is a person who are very private. (should be is) If they stand for plural words, who, which and that take plural verbs:

33 General Rules for checking subject / verb agreement When you are trying to see if the subject and verb agree, leave out the part you don t need: Everyone in the contest want to win. Everyone want to win. [wrong!: should be wants] Now put the part back: Everyone in the contest wants to win. Say the sentence to yourself out loud, if it doesn t sound right, there is a very good chance it is not right.

34 One More Thing: Tense Agreement Tense is all about time. Usually we write in the Past tense. The Present and Future are fine, but once you start in a tense, STAY there! Yesterday we decided that tomorrow we will go shopping is correct. (Past & Future together) We went to the store and buy food. is not correct. (Past & Present together) It should be bought not buy.

35 Fragments, Comma Splices, and Fused Sentences How do I know if I have too little in a sentence... And how can I tell if I have too much?

36 This You presentation will learn to recognize covers avoiding complete sentence sentences, employ fragments, appropriate comma splices, punctuation, and use and subordination fused and sentences. coordination.

37 A fragment, comma splice, and/or fused sentence item on an objective test might look like this...

38 Sample Item At the pizzeria, Jolene eavesdropped on the A argument at the next table, hot cheese B cascaded over her slice of of pizza onto her bare C The comma Is the between lap. A. pizzeria; Jolene B. table while hot C. pizza. cascaded. Onto Over D. No change is necessary. table punctuation and hot (or makes lack of a it) comma at A, splice, B, an error C that option incorrect? B fixes.

39 A sentence must have a subject, verb, and complete thought. Andre practiced jump shots to impress Coach Nelson. Andre = subject, practiced = verb, and the thought = complete, so you have a sentence.

40 Recognize a fragment when you see one. As Andre Andre spinning spun spun the the ball the ball the to ball to show to to show off off his his off off his skills. his skills. Now Finally! there s A no Yikes! Spinning Now the a subject, a so verb, you verb, thought so you is have not and still a have complete a a fragment! complete! fragment. thought!

41 Recognize fused sentences and comma splices. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court unfortunately the the coach s coach s back back was was turned. turned. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court, unfortunately the the coach s coach s back back was was turned. turned. You cannot You cannot run together join two two sentences with no punctuation! a comma!

42 Fix the error with a period and a capital letter. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court. unfortunately Unfortunately, the coach s the coach s back back was was turned. turned. Swish goes the period!

43 Fix the error with a comma and a coordinating conjunction. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court, unfortunately but the coach s the back coach s was back turned. was turned. Be my FANBOYS for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.

44 Fix the error with a semicolon. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court; unfortunately, the coach s the coach s back back was was turned. turned. Use the semicolon sparingly 3 to 4 times per essay, max.

45 Fix the error with a subordinate conjunction. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court after unfortunately the coach s back the was coach s turned. back was turned. Reduce one of the two clauses to an incomplete thought.

46 These are the subordinate conjunctions. after although as because before even though if, even if in order that once provided that since so [that implied], so that than that though unless when, whenever where, wherever, whereas whether while

47 Remember these general punctuation rules when subordinating one of the clauses in the error. Subordinate clause +, + main clause. Main clause + Ø + subordinate clause.

48 Here s our sample: Although Andre sank a perfect basket from half court, the coach s back was turned. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court after the coach s back was turned. Adding an Dropping unnecessary the comma after comma court is is like a championship grandstanding game when turnover! a teammate is open!

49 Quick Test Directions: In the items that follow, choose the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). If no error exists, choose No change is necessary. Show me you got game!

50 Item 1 The dogs drooled while we we ate slices of of hot A pizza, but the cat feigned nonchalance even B C though we knew that she wanted a pepperoni. A. drooled. While B. pizza, but C. nonchalance. Even D. No change is necessary.

51 Item 2 Mary Ellen screamed, her roommate s pet tarantula crawled out of the bag of popcorn. A. screamed her B. screamed; because, her C. screamed as her D. No change is necessary.

52 Item 3 Running late with dinner, Elizabeth fussed with A seasonings and wiped spots off off the B glasses. while While the family stared at at their empty C plates. A. dinner; Elizabeth B. seasonings, and C. glasses while D. No change is necessary.

53 Item 4 Everyone scrambled off the lakeside patio. When the 10-foot alligator lumbered onto shore. A. patio when B. patio; when C. patio, when D. No change is necessary.

54 Item 5 The glass of iced tea promised thirst-quenching refreshment. Roseanne, however, had had to beat to beat A B Maria to the refrigerator as as they raced through C the front door. A. refreshment. Roseanne B. however; had C. refrigerator; as D. No change is necessary.

55 Item 6 Warren wanted to make a good impression on Melody but the soda explosion that soaked his shirt ruined their first meeting. A. Melody; but, the B. Melody; however, the C. Melody, however, the D. No change is necessary.

56 Item 7 Because of the hot sun, ice cream ran down the A cone and coated Randall s fingers, his his for his tongue tongue B C C couldn t keep up. A. sun; ice cream B. cone, and C. fingers, for his D. No change is necessary.

57 Item 8 Wanda took a deep breath and got ready to yell. Because Paul was about to explain why his half of the rent would be late again. A. yell, because B. yell because C. yell for D. No change is necessary.

58 Item 9 After Simon bought roses for Emily, he spotted A Derek s car in her driveway and realized that this B gesture would not repair the relationship or or win win C back her love. A. Emily. he B. driveway. And C. relationship; or D. No change is necessary.

59 Item 10 Since Larry had studied for hours; he was relieved to find a big red A at the top of his grammar quiz. A. hours he B. hours. He C. hours, he D. No change is necessary.

60 Grammar Games ChompChomp Comma Chameleon ar/punctuation.htm