Unit 12:Adjective Clauses. Todd Windisch, Spring 2015

Transcription

1 Unit 12:Adjective Clauses Todd Windisch, Spring 2015

2 WARM-UP #1: DISCUSSION As you come into class and sit down, join a discussion with your classmates using the following questions about PERSONALITY: Complete the sentence with the one adjective that best describes your personality: I am a person who is. Why do you describe yourself that way? Is it helpful to classify people into personality types or to place yourself in a personality category? Why or why not? Do you generally hang out with people with a similar personality to your own, or are your personalities different? How would you describe your best friend s personality?

3 PRE-WARM-UP Review the information about A, B, C, & D personalities from our reading yesterday and answer these questions at your table: Which personality type are you? How do you know? Can you think of examples to support your response? Do you know someone with a different personality type? How can you tell?

4 WHAT DID WE LEARN YESTERDAY? What s an adjective clause? What do we call these words: Who, whom, which, that, whose, when, where? What s the difference between who/that/which?

5 REVIEW: VIDEO Watch the following movie trailer of The Avengers Have you seen this movie? Do you like this kind of movie? Complete the worksheet by providing information about each member of the Avengers

6 WARM-UP #3: PAIRWORK Find a partner and come get a handout from the teacher One person is student A and one person is student B One student reads two sentences to their partner, and the partner responds with an adjective clause by combining the two sentences together and answering YES to the question You can check your partner s answers with your handout Student A: Did you find the watch? You lost it yesterday. Student B: Yes, I found the watch that I lost yesterday. Student A: Correct! Good job!

7 WARM-UP: We discussed these questions on Thursday, but before we read the article, let s review the subject by talking about these in more detail Using Vocabulary What are some examples of actions that are beneficial to the environment? What actions have a negative effect on the environment? Should some industries be regulated so they don t harm the environment? Which ones? Are you worried about the sustainability of the planet? Why or why not?

8 WARM-UP Take out your personality profile from yesterday Share your experience with the people at your table Answer these questions: What personality type did you get? What does this say about you? USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSES Example: I learned an ENFJ is the type of person who prefers long-term relationships. Do you think this was accurate? Will you use this information to help you in the future?

9 INTRO: READING Take a few minutes to read What Type Are You? (p. 196) silently to yourself Don t worry if you don t finish. We will read it again together. Circle any unfamiliar vocabulary While reading, answer the true or false questions on p. 198

10 COMPREHENSION ANSWERS: 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F

11 VOCABULARY Correlation (n) Shared relationship

12 VOCABULARY Without mincing words (phrase) Speaking plainly and honestly of something unpleasant

13 VOCABULARY Embrace (v) Eagerly accept

14 VOCABULARY Entrepreneurs (n) People who own and run a business

15 VOCABULARY Spotlight (n) Center of attention

16 VOCABULARY Gravitate towards (v) Move to or are drawn to

17 VOCABULARY Charismatic (adj) Having a special charm or personal qualities to attract people

18 VOCABULARY Insight (n) Deep understanding

19 POST-READING DISCUSSION VOCABULARY 1. Would you like to be an entrepreneur? What are the advantages and disadvantages? 2. Who is the most charismatic person you know? Describe them. 3. What is a topic in which you have a lot of insight? Can you tell your partner something about it? READING Which personality type are you? How do you know? Can you think of examples to support your response?

20 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE Also known as a relative clause They are dependent clauses that give more information about nouns They usually follow nouns! Where are the noun clauses in these sentences? I have a friend who lives in Paris. The food that I like the most is pasta! My friend only reads books which were written for teenagers. How do you know these are adjective clauses?

21 RELATIVE PRONOUNS Most of the time, an adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun Who, whom, which, that, whose, when, where In some cases, the relative pronoun can be omitted (deleted/hidden) WE LL LEARN ABOUT THIS LATER

22 WHERE ARE THEY? An adjective clause can occur after a main clause, inside a main clause, inside a dependent clause (pretty much anywhere nouns occur) My sister who s older than me works the night shift. My sister who s older than my sister who s younger works the night shift.

23 THAT/WHICH/WHO To refer to people use who and that as the subjects of verbs in adjective clauses The Ings are the people who/that bought the house. Sam is the man who/that lives next door to me. Both of these are acceptable, but that is more informal

24 THAT/WHICH/WHO To refer to things, use which and that as the subjects of verbs in adjective clauses This is the car which/that is the nicest. Math is the subject which/that is the easiest for me. Both of these are acceptable, but that is more informal

25 THAT/WHICH/WHO The verb in the adjective clause agrees with the noun or pronoun that the clause modifies There are many people who have taken this personality test. This test is the one that is the best known. Shirley likes people who Shirley likes a person who BE CAREFUL! Do not use double subjects! Extroverts are people who they like to be with others. Grapes that they have dried in the sun are called raisins.

26 THAT, WHICH, WHO PRACTICE Complete exercise 1 on the worksheet (Clauses Relative 1) that the teacher has passed out Finish the sentences with an adjective clause Are all of these adjective clauses referring to the subject or object of the sentence? OBJECT! Make sure to use the correct relative pronoun! Example: Bees are insects that fly through the air and make honey. Your answers will vary. What do these sentences look like separated?

27 THAT, WHICH, WHO PRACTICE Complete exercise 3 on the worksheet (Clauses Relative 1) that the teacher has passed out Combine the sentences using an adjective clause Make sure to use the correct relative pronoun! EXAMPLE: Bob has a pet crocodile. It eats English students. EXAMPLE: Bob has a pet crocodile that eats English students.

28 ANSWERS Exercise 3 (Clauses Relative 1), p These are the flowers that are for the teacher. 3. We watched a movie that made me cry. 4. She s the teacher who yelled at me. 5. I just met a girl who had a tattoo on her arm. 6. I saw one of the bullies who stole my lunch money. 7. I liked the soup that was served yesterday.

29 NOTICE! So far, our exercises have followed the same pattern Look at exercise 3. You are always combining the object of the first sentence with the subject of the second sentence What happens when you need to combine the object of the second sentence? WHOM!

30 OBJECTS OF VERBS The relative pronoun can also be the object of the verb! Jean was the person that I mentioned. Who did I mention? I mentioned Jean. Jean was the person that met me at the movies yesterday. Who met me? Jean met me. With things we still use that and which. The test that/which I took was difficult. I took the test.

31 OBJECTS OF VERBS To refer to people, use whom, who, and that as the objects of verbs I met her friend Jean whom I had met several times before. I met her friend Jean who I had met several times before. I met her friend Jean that I had met several times before. Whom is more formal Whom is traditionally the only way to refer to people as the objects of verbs in adjective clauses but English is changing This is the only way you use whom

32 DELETION In conversation and informal writing, you can sometimes omit the relative pronoun when it is an object Jean is the person I mentioned. The test I took was difficult. This is how most people speak One way to remember this is, if there is another subject after the relative pronoun, you can remove it We went to the haunted house that s near Disneyland. We went to the haunted house is near Disneyland.

33 WHO/WHOM PRACTICE Complete the exercise on the worksheet (Clauses Relative 2) that the teacher has passed out You will only complete the numbers that the teacher has assigned you and share your answers with the class Notice that you are referring to people and things as the objects of verbs in the adjective clauses EXAMPLE: King Kong was the movie. We saw it yesterday. EXAMPLE: King Kong was the movie we saw yesterday.

34 ANSWERS Exercise 1 (Clauses Relative 2), p Evolution is a theory (that) Charles Darwin created. 2. I enjoyed the homework (that) we did over the weekend. 3. That s the boy (whom/that) my sister has a crush on. 4. Did you like the pasta (that) I made for supper last night? 5. Where s the tee-shirt (that) you bought at the concert? 6. Do you know the teacher (whom/that) the police arrested yesterday? 7. Those are the twins (whom/that) I can t tell apart. 8. Where are the socks (that) I took off this morning? 9. Where are the papayas (that) I paid for?

35 ANSWERS Exercise 1 (Clauses Relative 2), p He s the man (whom/that) I don t agree with. 11. Shirley is the saleswoman (whom/that) I talked to yesterday. 12. This is a restaurant (that) I m very fond of. 13. You re the person (for whom/that) I wrote this song (for). 14. Politics is a topic (that) we always argue about. 15. She is the professor (that) I wrote the paper for. 16. I have a big test (that) I am not prepared for. 17. Narcolepsy is the disease (that) the teacher is suffering from.

36 WHOSE Use whose to introduce an adjective clause that indicates possession We use whose to replace his/her/its/their + noun Whose works for people AND things Ken is the man. We met his wife. Ken is the man whose wife we met. I have a neighbor. His dog is really annoying. I have a neighbor whose dog is really annoying. Whose follows the person who has possession.

37 WHOSE PRACTICE How would you combine these sentences? He is the guy. His friend is a famous actor. He is the guy whose friend is a famous actor. Da Vinci was an artist. His most famous painting hangs in the Louvre. Da Vinci was an artist whose most famous painting hangs in the Louvre. I have a cat. His favorite food is lasagna. I have a cat whose favorite food is lasagna. I think you re the person. I found your diary. I think you re the person whose diary I found.

38 ACTIVITY: DESCRIBE SOMEONE At your tables take turns describing people in the class Use sentences that include adjective clauses EXAMPLE: I am thinking of someone who is wearing a red shirt today. It is someone that comes from Vietnam. It is someone whose name starts with a C. The other people at the table try and guess who you are describing Now, try it with celebrities!

39 PLACES You can use where to introduce an adjective clause that modifies a noun of place IMPORTANT! Where replaces the word there If there is not or cannot be used you cannot use where & you will be probably use which or that This is the restaurant. We ate there. This is the restaurant where we ate. This is the restaurant. It is near KFC. This is the restaurant where it is near KFC. This is the restaurant that is near KFC.

40 TIME You can use when or that to begin an adjective clause that modifies a noun of time I can t think of a time when/that I wasn t happy. The year when/that I got my first car was the best year ever! Do you think we can omit when or that in these cases? YES! Because there is there is a subject after the relative pronoun. I can t think of a time I wasn t happy. The year I got my first car was the best year ever!

41 PLACES PRACTICE Are the following sentences correct or incorrect? I am from Fountain Valley where is close to the beach. INCORRECT Bordeaux is the city where I lived for 4 months. CORRECT I went to a restaurant last night which offered a lot of options. CORRECT This is the classroom where I have class in. INCORRECT I like going to Big Bear where I have a cabin. CORRECT

42 ACTIVITY: DEFINITION QUIZ You will receive a list of words that all start with a certain letter You need to define these words using adjective clauses EXAMPLE: Apple A fruit that grows on trees. A fruit that is red. A fruit that some people use to make pies. How would you define bed? How would you define New York? You will read your definitions to a partner, who will try to guess what the word is (remember that they all start with the same letter)

43 IDENTIFYING/NON-IDENTIFYING There are two types of adjective clauses: identifying and nonidentifying Sometimes, they are called defining and non-defining Identifying adjective clauses contain information that is essential to the meaning of the sentence to understand it correctly Identifying adjective clauses require no punctuation (no commas) I like apples that are red. Does this sentence mean I like ALL apples?

44 IDENTIFYING/NON-IDENTIFYING Non-identifying adjective clauses add extra information to sentences This information does not distinguish one thing from another Non-identifying adjective clauses are always surrounded by commas I like apples, which are red. This sentence means I like apples It implies I like ALL apples. I am just adding extra information.

45 DIFFERENT MEANINGS Sometimes, it s possible to use either an identifying or non-identifying clause in a sentence, but the meaning changes My sister who likes carrots wanted a carrot cake for her birthday. My sister, who likes carrots, wanted a carrot cake for her birthday. Which sentence means I have one sister? Which sentence means I have more than one? My wife whose name is Tammy went on a trip for work. My wife, whose name is Tammy, went on a trip for work. I punched the guy at the bar who was being disrespectful to my girlfriend. I punched the guy at the bar, who was being disrespectful to my girlfriend.

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52 EXTRA RULES FOR NON-IDENTIFYING 1) You cannot omit the relative pronoun in a non-identifying clause! That s Tarik, whom you met on Friday. That s Tarik, you met on Friday. My favorite book, which I have read 20 times, is Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire. My favorite book, I have read 20 times, is Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire. What does this sentence mean when it is an identifying adjective clause?

53 EXTRA RULES FOR NON-IDENTIFYING 2. THAT We never use that in a non-identifying adjective clause This is one major way to tell the difference between identifying and nonidentifying clauses (especially in speech) How else can you tell the difference in speech? Think of punctuation. Titanic, which is almost 20 years old, is Leonardo DiCaprio s best movie. Titanic, that is almost 20 years old, is Leonardo DiCaprio s best movie.

54 EXTRA RULES FOR NON-IDENITFYING 3. You can informally use a non-identifying clause to refer to an entire idea (not just a noun) Helen is hardworking, which impresses me. I can t whistle, which is the worst thing about me. NOTE: In formal writing and speech, use a noun at the beginning of a that or which clause Helen is hardworking, a characteristic which impresses me. I can t whistle, a fault which I find to be the worst thing about me.

55 ACTIVITY: EXTENDING THE STORY You will receive a story that contains some blanks Notice this story is already complete You will be adding extra (unnecessary) information in the form of non-identifying adjective clauses REMEMBER: You cannot use that and you can t omit the relative pronoun

56 ACTIVITY: EXTENDING THE STORY Now that we have completed out stories, find 2 other classmates from another table who had the same story as you Read the story out loud and compare your answers Are you stories really different? Now let s share the best answers and complete the story on the projector!

57 REVIEW What did we learn yesterday? Can you complete this outline with a partner? Deletion of Relative Pronouns OK: NOT OK: NOT OK: Adjective Clauses for places Use REMEMBER: Identifying VS Non-identifying TWO MAJOR DIFFERENCES 1. 2.

58 REVIEW What did we learn yesterday? Can you complete this outline with a partner? Deletion of Relative Pronouns OK: when it is an object (another pronoun) NOT OK: when it is a subject NOT OK: when it is non-idenitfying Adjective Clauses for places Use where REMEMBER: Use where when you use there (AND HERE) Identifying VS Non-identifying TWO MAJOR DIFFERENCES 1. Essential vs. non-essential information 2. no commas vs. commas

59 HANDS-ON PRACTICE Personality Test We are going to take a personality test and analyze the results What do the results say about you? Do you agree with the results?