Printed Solid State Lighting Update

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1 Printed Solid State Lighting Update Marc Chason Marc Chason and Associates, Inc. May 7, 2013

2 Two Themes Overview of the 2013 inemi Solid State Illumination (SSI ) Roadmap chapter Update on printed OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) technologies for Solid State Lighting (SSL)

3 inemi 2013 SSI Roadmap TOC

Energy Savings Drive Solid State Lighting http://apps1.eere.energy.

4 Energy Savings Drive Solid State Lighting s_factsheet.pdf

5 The Lighting Challenge US DOE Solid-State Lighting Research and Development: Multi-Year Program Plan, 2012,

6 LED Lamps are in the Marketplace

7 Packaged LED Revenue SOURCE: Yole, Status of the LED Industry, August 2012.

8 The Building Energy Component

9 Migration to Solid State Lighting (SSL)

10 The SSL/LED Migration Could Be Quick

11 Comparison of LED & OLED Assembly Light Source Light Engine Luminaire OLED Lamp LED point light source vs. OLED dispersed light source

12 LED & OLED Assembly Hierarchy Level LED Comments OLED Comments Assembly of luminaire. Assembly of luminaire. System level System level 3 Product is sold to Product is sold to assembly assembly customers. customers. 2 1 Package on board LED in package 0 LED Device SMT assembly inspection and test processes: solder, wire bond, etc. SMT assembly inspection and test processes: solder, wire bond, etc. Focuses on the fabrication of the LED wafer and dicing OLED Device Assembly accomplished via mechanical leads, conductive adhesives, low temperature solder, wire bonding. Processing accomplished via integration of sheet fed/roll-to-roll processes and lamination Focuses on the deposition of organic light emitting materials New assembly processes with new entrants

13 Producing White LED Light SOURCE: US DOE MYPP2012

14 SSL Reliability System reliability is a function of component reliability Gerd Slomski, Phillips LED Workshop,

15 Unique Opportunities Can SSL Transfer Optical Data to Mobile Devices?

16 Short Term Prioritized Gaps & Recommendations < 3 years Prioritized Gap SSI enabling technologies, manufacturing infrastructure and supply chains are emerging but relatively undeveloped. Electronic components and devices rather than optical ones gate LED and OLED product performance and product lifetime. SSI specific software and modeling tools to optimize assembly of LED and OLED SSI devices are limited. Recommendations Significant cross industry education is required to create a robust ecosystem. Develop SSI specific SMT technologies for fabricating LED light engines and light sources. As OLED technology progresses, develop SMT and R2R tools for flex or rigid substrate systems. Education of electronics design industry to SSI market opportunities and product requirements to develop extensive supply chain. Develop SSI specific software for designing and fabricating LED an OLED light engines and light sources within environmental and thermal constraints.

17 Long Term Prioritized Gaps & Recommendations > 3 years Prioritized Gap SSI cost/lumen has not shown the same improvement rate as luminous efficacy. Roll-to-Roll processing for manufacturing companies is not a high yielding core competence for OLED manufacturing. SSI Product lifetime does not meet advertised targets. SSI standards are trailing industry development pace. Recommendations Develop LED and OLED materials to produce high-efficiency light sources. Develop configurable and standardized in-line measurement and inspection tools for R2R processes. Develop Accelerated Life Tests (ALT) appropriate for long life-time designs, with ALT results validated with real time performance data. Prioritize failure mechanisms (e.g., optical, electronic, mechanical, component, etc.) so industry can address relevant issues Maintain consistency and streamline standards development. Develop standards to insure that public policy conforms to technical capability.

18 Point Source LEDs as Wide Area OLEDS

19 Why Printed Electronics for SSL? Four Themes 1. Where does the Light come from? 2. Why should I care about Solid State Lighting (SSL)? 3. Can I make money in this Market? 4. What are the Value Chains and Supply Chains? Incandescent LED CFL OLED

20 Printed Lighting is Available Roll to roll processing Screen Printing

21 OLED Offers Unique Form Factor

and OLED is Moving Forward Osram announces launch of their OLED lighting production facility Universal Display announces technology and materials license agreement with Panasonic Idemitsu Novaled

22 and OLED is Moving Forward Osram announces launch of their OLED lighting production facility Universal Display announces technology and materials license agreement with Panasonic Idemitsu Novaled develops long-life powerefficient white PIN OLEDs DOW opens semiconductor/display R&D center in Seoul with OLED focus Panasonic starts shipping OLED lighting panels and modules Universal Display reports technical performance of white OLED that exceeds DoE lifetime targets Verbatim launches world s first commercially available color tuneable OLED lighting panels

23 AMOLED Display Technology More than 100 people have preordered LG s $10,000 OLED TV so far (Feb 14, 2013) 55-inch OLED TV Source: LG Display

24 AMOLED Display Technology OSA Direct Source: LG Display

AMOLED Can Drive SSL Technology Speaking before the Plastics Electronics Conference in October, 2012 James Lee, LG Display research fellow, indicated ink jet printing,

25 AMOLED Can Drive SSL Technology Speaking before the Plastics Electronics Conference in October, 2012 James Lee, LG Display research fellow, indicated ink jet printing, nozzle printing and roll printing by gravure and offset methods are potential options for soluble solutions. Source: LG Display

26 Flexible OLED Lighting Tiles Solvay, Holst Centre and several other partners demonstrate flexible 69cm 2 30lm/Watt OLED lighting tiles

27 Printed OLED Process Improves Comparison of external quantum efficiency and lifetime of evaporated and solution processed OLEDs at Konica Minolta.

28 Haitz s Law Drives LED Cost Reduction But will it be valid for OLED technology?

Assembly Structure for OLED-based Device Layer Metal Cathode Electron Transport Layer Organic Emitters Hole Injection Layer Anode Glass Function Low work function material Transport

29 Assembly Structure for OLED-based Device Layer Metal Cathode Electron Transport Layer Organic Emitters Hole Injection Layer Anode Glass Function Low work function material Transport electrons to Organic Emitters; block hole transport Electron/hole recombination and light emission Transport holes to Organic Emitters; block electron transport Transparent conductor Substrate

30 OLED Assembly Hierarchy Level Assembly Step Comments 3 System level assembly Assembly of luminaire. Product is sold to end customer 2 Package on Board 1 LED in Package 0 LED Device OLED Device Interconnects, leads & packaging Integration with R2R processes Focuses on printing/vapor deposition of OLED New assembly processes with new entrants

Global Research) FlexTech Alliance Conference 2009 Eased

31 Competing OLED Architectures Structure of Hybrid Tandem OLED Series Connection of Panel Segments Source: Anil Duggal (GE Global Research) FlexTech Alliance Conference 2009 Eased deposition requirements Source: Eastman Kodak SID Tech Symp 54-2 (2008)

32 Multiple OLED Deposition Options Vacuum Deposition Solution Processing Rigid vs. Flexible substrate? Sheet vs. Roll-to-Roll processing?

33 USDOE OLED Deposition Development

34 Roadmaps to Reduce Costs Opportunity for GAA-related Technologies

35 Solution-Processed, Small-Molecule OLED Luminaire for Interior Illumination 2012 USDOE R&D Workshop

Numerous Industry Organizations 2013, 2011 & 2009 inemi Solid State Illumination Roadmaps IPC rolls out new Printed Electronics Management Council Committee R&D, Mfg, Marketing Workshops Multi-Year

36 Numerous Industry Organizations 2013, 2011 & 2009 inemi Solid State Illumination Roadmaps IPC rolls out new Printed Electronics Management Council Committee R&D, Mfg, Marketing Workshops Multi-Year Program Plan 12 December 2011 A new IPC Printed Electronics Management Council Steering Committee has been created that will oversee the development of educational programmes to support the printed electronics industry.

EU Project - IMOLA IMOLA- Intelligent light Management for organic light-emitting diode on foil Applications Tasked with making large-area OLED-based lighting modules with built-in intelligent light

37 EU Project - IMOLA IMOLA- Intelligent light Management for organic light-emitting diode on foil Applications Tasked with making large-area OLED-based lighting modules with built-in intelligent light management. Participants: Imec, the project coordinator, TNO/Holst Centre (Netherlands), Philips Technologie (Germany), NXP Semiconductors (Netherlands, Belgium), Hanita Coatings RCA (Israel), Henkel Electronic Materials (Belgium), Centro Ricerche Plast-optica (Italy), FER department of the University of Zagreb (Croatia).

38 New Supply Chain Opportunities Traditional lamp manufacturers CFL Incandescent Conventional practices Conventional practices Conventional practices Luminaire Installation Recycle LED OLED Semiconductor electronics Conventional practices & new opportunities Conventional practices & new opportunities Electronics industry practices

39 BASF & Philips 1st to develop OLED for use as transparent car roof The OLEDs are transparent when switched off, allowing for a clear view outside the vehicle, yet providing light only within the vehicle when switched on In addition to offering completely new design possibilities, the transparent OLED lighting concept also allows new approaches to automotive engineering. The transparent OLED sandwich structure can be combined with equally transparent solar cells. es/basf-and-philips-1st-to-develop-oled-foruse-as-transparent-car-roof asp "This combination allows the driver to enjoy a unique open-space feeling while it generates electricity during the day and pleasantly suffuses the interior with the warm light of the transparent, highly efficient OLEDs at night," said Dr. Felix Görth, head of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes and Organic Photovoltaics at BASF Future Business GmbH.

Audi to introduce OLED lights to future vehicles The company expects to be using OLED rear lights

But Berlitz visualizes white OLEDs being used for daytime running lights and side lights.

The first prototypes are now appearing as part of a project with public support, installed on

40 Audi to introduce OLED lights to future vehicles The company expects to be using OLED rear lights relatively soon whilst they see brake lights a few more years away. But Berlitz visualizes white OLEDs being used for daytime running lights and side lights. The biggest target of all - especially for Audi's designers - are three-dimensional OLEDs. The first prototypes are now appearing as part of a project with public support, installed on various levels in the rear light units of an Audi TT. i-to-introduce-oled-lights-to-future-vehicles asp

41 Stable and efficient white devices: An overview 2012 USDOE R&D Workshop

42 Summary for New Opportunities SSL Market is growing LED products available today Commercial OLED products about 2-3 years away Printed OLED is gaining traction through niche markets Significant R&D underway IP activity accelerating Opportunity for Printed Electronics -related businesses to grow in the lighting space New supply chains forming New value chains being established

ADVANCEMENTS IN GRAVURE TECHNOLOGY: FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND GROWTH PRINTED LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY

ADVANCEMENTS IN GRAVURE TECHNOLOGY: FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND GROWTH PRINTED LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY Marc Chason Marc Chason and Associates, Inc. marcchason@sbcglobal.net January 17, 2012 Logic Driven Value Chain