MARTIN KOLLÁR. University of Technology in Košice Department of Theory of Electrical Engineering and Measurement
|
|
- Nicholas Stone
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 MARTIN KOLLÁR nivesity of Technology in Košice Depatment of Theoy of Electical Engineeing and Measuement A TRANSDCER INTERFACE FOR RESISTIVE SENSOR ELEMENTS BASED ON THE SE OF A FLIP-FLOP This pape pesents a new tansduce inteface. This inteface seves the esistive bidges. The A/D convesion is based on the use of an auto-compensatoy system with two digital-to-analog convetes (DACs). A new measuement technique based on the use of a flip-flop cicuit is used to obtain high accuacy. The main advantages of the depicted achitectue ae: a) Calibation accuacy depends only on LSB and maximal diffeential non-lineaity (max(dnl )) of the fist digital-to-analog convete (DAC). b) Resultant accuacy of measuement depends on calibation accuacy and on accuacy of the second DAC. c) Calculation of a coection fomula (o look up table) and input amplifie ae not equied. The expeimental measuement cicuit with flip-flop was constucted and simulated to veify opeation of the measuement. Keywods: Wheatstone bidge, tansduce inteface, self-calibation, flip-flop cicuit, measuement. INTRODCTION Thee is, natually, no such thing as an ideal cicuit and if thee wee, we would quickly find out that its envionment would be fa fom being ideal. As a esult, cicuits may exhibit a vaiety of non-ideal popeties, such as noise, offset, dift, non-linea behaviou, and many othes. At the same time they ae affected by thei ambience: many cicuits show cosssensitivities to othe effects than they ae supposed to sense, and thei bias netwoks and/o leads may pick up noise and intefeence. In ode to be able to classify the cicuit non-idealities, we have to distinguish between time-vaiant and time-invaiant causes fo deviations fom the ideal behaviou, and between deteministic and statistical deviations []. Thee ae diffeent coection stategies fo each of these fou combinations. In odinay measuement systems, the inaccuacies caused by the offset and eo of the gain can be eliminated by using the thee-signal technique [, 3]. To eliminate the eos caused by the non-linea behaviou, seveal efeence signals must be applied to the measuement cicuit [3]. Nowadays, specific testing methods of the ADC ae based on the use of sinusoidal and tiangula efeence signals [4]. Coect elimination of all eos by using these methods depends mainly on the pecision of these efeence signals. In addition, the calculation of the coection fomula o the look up table is still necessay. In high pecision systems, DACs can be used to geneate efeence signals [3, 4]. Howeve, efeence signal geneato and measuement system ae usually in the same envionment. Theefoe, the accuacy of the efeence signal geneato should be at least two odes highe than desied accuacy [4]. In the poposed design, the DAC used in standad solutions fo calibation, has been moved to the feedback and senso signal fom Wheatstone bidge has been pocessed by a flip-flop. It is so-called auto-compensatoy system with a flip-flop [5]. The main advantage is in the use of the flip-flop. The following section shows that all low fequency distubances, which ae pesent within many locations of the flip-flop and Wheatstone bidge and all
2 mismatches in the elements of the flip-flop ae eflected only in an offset of the flip-flop when the flip-flop is contolled with slow ising slope impulses.. FLIP-FLOP CIRCIT The cicuit in Fig. as the senso based on a flip-flop cicuit has been intoduced in efeence [6]. The standad flip-flop consisting of two tansistos and two esistos (Fig. ) is chaacteized by two stable states, one and zeo. i R K i R N R i i R β β (t) C i i C u u T T Z Fig.. Flip-flop cicuit. W. Lian and S. Middelhoek [6] poved that a flip-flop can be used fo measuement of non-electical quantities in such a way that one element of the flip-flop is eplaced by a senso. Then the pinciple of measuement is based on the fact that the measued nonelectical quantity beaks the value symmety of the invetes of the flip-flop in elation to the mophological symmety axis passing though points K and Z (Fig. ). Howeve, measued quantity can be compensated fo by the voltage N = NE in such a way that the 5% state is estoed by epeated connection to souce. It means that the numbe of ones will be 5 % of the numbe of connections to voltage souce [6]. The magnitude of the measued nonelectical quantity will be eflected in the voltage NE, which we will call the equivalent voltage [6, 7]. Sensing elements, which geneate the voltage, can be placed within many locations of the flipflop cicuit. Wheatstone bidge can be added to the flip-flop. The flip-flop cicuit with Wheatstone bidge is shown in Fig. a and its equivalent cicuit is shown in Fig. b. Thee = s [R D /(R A +R D )-R C /(R B +R C )] and R 3 = R A R D +R B R C. s R A R D R B R C i R K i R N R 3 i R K i R N R i i R β β (t) R i i R β β (t) C i i C u u C i i C u u T T T T Z Z Fig.. Flip-flop cicuit a) with Wheatstone bidge, b) its equivalent cicuit.
3 It should be noted that in voltage contol we also distinguish between fast and slow-ising slope impulses [8, 9] (Fig. 3). The equivalent voltage can be affected by the mismatches in the capacitances of the flip-flop (Fig. ). This can be used fo measuement of the capacitances [5]. (t) m δ T/ δ t Fig. 3. Voltage contol pulse. The contol by slow-ising slope impulses is chaacteized by such a atio m /δ that the cuents passing though the capacitos ae negligible in compaison to the tansisto cuents of the flip-flop. This condition is met if it is tue that δ, δ >R C is at the same time δ, δ. >R C [8, 9]. In the following text only contol impulses with slowly ising slopes ae analyzed... State desciption The flip-flop senso, accoding to Fig. b, is descibed by the system of diffeential equations [8] du dt du dt ( () φ ) R t u R = Q, () R R C ( ( ) N φ ) R t u R = Q, () R R C whee R =R +R 3 and φ,φ ae defined as and φ I I = I +, φ = I + (3) β β ES u u VT V I i T ES e I = i e, =, (4) whee β, β ae the cuent amplification coefficients, i ES, i ES ae the satuation cuents of bipola tansistos and V T is a themal voltage... Equivalent Voltage When, fo example, one of two esistances is slightly lage than the othe, the flip-flop is foced to go to a cetain stable state. To qualify this effect, a DC voltage was intoduced into the flip-flop senso (as shown in Fig. ). Thee exists a cetain value of this voltage called the equivalent voltage at which the effect of the asymmety in the esistos is fully compensated fo by the addition of this voltage. A deivation of the magnitude of the equivalent voltage is shown in this section.
4 The chaacteistics of the flip-flop ae shown in Fig. 4a. The tansfe chaacteistic of the fist du invete u (u ) is obtained fom equation () with zeo left side =. The tansfe dt chaacteistic of the second invete u (u ) is obtained fom equation () with zeo left side du =. Stable and unstable states ae epesented by the intesection points of these dt du du chaacteistics. They ae also called singulaities in the state plane as =, =. One dt dt stable state is obseved in Fig. 4a, if value of slowly ising impulse (Fig. 4b) is lowe than cetain value α. Two stable states, and unstable state S ae obseved if value of slowly ising impulse (Fig. 4b) is highe than cetain value α. But so-called neithe stable and neithe unstable tiple point S P [8] is obseved if value of slowly ising impulse (Fig. 4b) is equal to α and flip-flop is balanced by equivalent voltage NE. Region of the stable state zeo u S T j Q = S P S (t)>α Q = Region of the stable state one (t) V S (t)=α (t)<α T/4 t S u Fig. 4 a) Singulaities in the state plane, b) coesponding voltage contol impulse. Pactically, the unstable state neve can be achieved by the flip-flop. But taking into account a theoetical model of flip-flop, the unstable state may be assumed. Then a tansition of the flip-flop into unstable state S is epesented by a tajectoy T j (Fig. 4a). A bounday between the egion of the stable state one and zeo is also epesented by this tajectoy T j. Tajectoy T j is line with a unit slope [8], which leads to du = du. (5) By taking the integals of equation (5) it follows that u = u+ C, (6) whee C is an integating constant. As it can be seen in Fig. 3 the voltage (t) is equal to zeo duing the time inteval (T/, T) of a contol impulse. At this inteval the capacito C is chaged though the impulse geneato and esisto R on potential - NE and capacito C is chaged though the impulse geneato and esisto R on potential -. Howeve, the voltage can change depending on the time, theefoe it must hold fo the fequency of a senso signal f <. Then with the stat of the following contol impulse it can be assumed that RC u (T) = -, u (T) = - NE and fom (6) we have
5 u = u NE +. (7) Fom the second Kichhoffs law, of the cicuit in Fig. a, it follows that R I du ' I + + C u NE R I C + u dt + + = β β dt I du, (8) whee cuents I, I ae defined by the equation (4). Taking into account that the capacito cuents ae negligible when compaed to the tansisto cuents, by means of (7) it can be deived I I R I+ = R I +. (9) β β It is mentioned above, the existence of the tiple point S P is joined only with the compensation of the asymmety of the flip-flop by equivalent voltage NE. Then the tiple point is neithe stable and unstable [8]. This view of the poblem makes it possible to put the Jacobi matix fo given system (), () elative to the teatment of the stability o instability of the given point. In case of value asymmety let us assume S P = [, ] so that. In ode to deive Jacobi matix fom the system eq. (), (), the deivatives to voltage u and u must be taken into the tiple point. Jacobi matix is given as follows J RC = RI I + ( () t () t ) ( () t () t ) VT β CV T RC u RC u +, () I ( ) ( ) RI T T + CV RC V RC u RC u T T β VT VT whee I = iese, I = ies e. Since the tiple point is neithe stable and unstable, the eigenvalues λ must be equal to. Then fom det J λ E = () ( ) fo λ equal to fom (7) and (9) it can be obtained = + V NE T R ln R R β ies R i ES β. () Dependence of the equivalent voltage on the output voltage fom Wheatstone bidge and on the mismatches in satuation cuents, load esistances and in cuent gains of the flip-flop can be obseved fom the equation (). Note that some influences can be eflected in voltages o cuents and can be found within many locations of the flip-flop cicuit and the Wheatstone bidge.
6 IN R A R B IN s R D I IN R C Fig. 5. Wheatstone bidge with distubances. The Wheatstone bidge is shown in Fig. 5. Some influences ae eflected in voltage souces IN, IN and in cuent souce I IN. But the Wheatstone bidge is a linea cicuit, which can be solved by using Thevenins theoem. Then still a sum of contibutions of voltage and cuent souces within the solved cicuit is the esult. Theefoe R = + R R I ( ) C D C IN IN IN ( RB + RC), (3) whee is the non-affected voltage of the Wheatstone bidge. Conclusion is that distubing voltage and cuent souces within the Wheatstone bidge ae eflected only in an offset. By using the above pocedue can be shown that R R β i = t + V + t ES () ln () NE T d R i ES R β, (4) whee d (t) epesents low-fequency distubances such as a flicke noise. The esultant equation of equivalent voltage contains voltage (t) of Wheatstone bidge and so-called eo equivalent voltage. In case that the Wheatstone bidge has a distubance, by means of (3) it can be assumed R R β ies RC NE = () + ln T + () ( ) d + D C IN IN IN R i ES ( RB + RC ) R β t V t R R I R R whee () ( ) ln β ies RC T + d + D C IN IN IN R i ES ( RB + RC ) R β V t R R I, (5) is a new eo equivalent voltage. It follows fom eq. (5) that distubing voltage and cuent souces within the Wheatstone bidge also all changes in the paametes of the flip-flop ae eflected only in an offset eo voltage. The equivalent does not depend on the amplitude of voltage contol impulse is main advantage of using the flip-flop in compaison to an amplifie which is used in odinay appoach.
7 .3. Feedback technique It is beneficial to use a feedback technique in ode to set the value of the equivalent voltage automatically. It woks as follows: The output in the numbe of ones is used to geneate a signal (the feedback signal). This signal is then added to the input of the flip-flop to bing the flip-flop back to the 5% position. The size of this feedback signal is a diect measue of the paamete [7]. An auto-compensatoy system with the flip-flop is descibed in the following section. 3. PROPOSED SOLTION Auto-compensatoy system, shown in Fig. 6, contains the following main pats: - A flip-flop cicuit to convet all causes, which can affect the value symmety of the flipflop, into a seies of ones and zeos. - The Wheatstone bidge as a sensing device of the flip-flop to convet a non-electical quantity to be measued into a senso signal. - A evesible counte and a DAC to compensate fo the time-invaiant deteministic eos and the time vaiant eos. - A evesible counte and a DAC to measue a senso signal of the Wheatstone bidge. - A multiplexe to contol the switching opeations of the system. s i R NE i R R K Wheatstone bidge R i i R β β C i u i C u T T R Φ (t) MX Φ t evesible counte evesible counte N N Φ DAC DAC digital output Fig. 6. Auto-compensatoy system. The idea is simple: Duing the fist phase of a measuing cycle to compensate fo the timeinvaiant deteministic eos and the time vaiant low fequency eos (supply voltage of the Wheatstone bidge is switched off), and duing the second phase to measue senso signal (supply voltage of the Wheatstone bidge is switched on). The peiod of the switching on and off the Wheatstone bidge is T (Fig. 3). To measue diectly the senso signal duing the second phase, an adding cicuit is installed to the system as it can be seen in Fig. 6. The pinciple of functionality, of the cicuit in Fig. 6, is shown in Fig. 7. In the following text the tem distubances and mismatches is used fo the time-invaiant deteministic eos and the time vaiant low fequency eos.
8 Φ t N T Eo signal LSB Senso signal t N t Fig. 7. The pinciple of system functionality. Inaccuacy of the compensation of distubances and mismatches is equal to RK ±.5 ( LSB + max( DNL )), whee max(dnl ( R + RK ) ) is maximal diffeential non-lineaity [4] of DAC, and does not depend on an integal non-lineaity [4] of DAC. The absolute maximal eo of measuement is given by ν = R.5 LSB + max DNL + max INL +.5LSB ( ( )) ( ) K max ( R + RK ), (6) whee max(inl ) is the maximal integal non-lineaity of DAC. But notice that an eo of esisto-divide R K, R (Fig. 6) is not consideed in (6). The value R K usually anges fom a few Ω to tens of Ω and is at least two odes of magnitude smalle than R. The esisto atio is R K /R (R K << R ) and cannot be influenced by elements of the flip-flop. The value of R K is nomally fou odes of magnitude smalle than R. In addition, in the tiple point (see Section Equivalent voltage) the equivalent esistances of the tansistos of the flip-flop ae a few MΩ [8]. The esisto atio eo can be deived =. (7) RK RK R R R R R R To compensate fo the influence of the tempeatue T h, because a themal coefficient R α = of a esisto R, it is sufficient to use the esistos with identical themal R Th coefficients. Pactically, the initial esisto atio eo is about of.% and esistance-atio tempeatue coefficient anges fom to ppm/ o C []. The esultant absolute eo is given ν R R = +.5( LSB + max ( DNL )) + max ( INL ) +.5LSB K K max R ( R + RK ) (8) Thus, the only dependence of measuement eo on LSB and DNL of DAC, LSB and INL of DAC and on esisto atio eo can be obseved in (8). Since the given paametes of DAC and DAC can be changed by some influences, the eo of measuement can be also
9 changed. Howeve, the calibation accuacy is changed in such a way also in odinay systems. The othe souce of eo that must be taken into account is eo of an adding cicuit (Fig. 6). But this cicuit is consideed in the stuctue fo bette undestanding of the system functionality. Pactically, the signal of DAC is incopoated to the fist invete of flip-flop. This modification is shown in Fig. 8. i R ir N R R K NE R K R N s Wheatstone bidge R R (t) Fig. 8. Modification of auto-compensatoy system. 3.. Simulated esults The auto-compensatoy system with the flip-flop was simulated in PSPICE. At the beginning, the mismatches in the load esistos of the flip-flop wee assumed. The values of esistos R, R wee changing fom 7. to. kω. The emaining paametes wee set as follows: R k = Ω, R =.8 kω, =. mv, LSB = mv, V T = 6 mv, β = β =, i ES = i ES = -6 A. The flip-flop senso was contolled by a voltage pulse accoding to Fig. 3, while δ, δ = 6µs, m = V and T = 4µs. The simulated esult is shown in Fig. 9a. Coesponding eo suface is shown in Fig. 9b and maximal absolute eo is equal to 5.5 µv. Fig. 9. a) Simulated esult, b) coesponding eo suface. Then a distubance u DIS epesented by a signal u DIS = sin(34t) was found in the flip-flop. A simulated esult is shown in Fig. and maximal absolute eo is equal to 5 µv.
10 Fig.. Output voltage of DAC and a distubing signal u DIS. 3.. Expeimental esults The complete cicuit was ealized by using the suface montage technology. The compaatos wee installed between the flip-flop outputs and the evesible countes. The Wheatsone bidge as light intensity sensing element was used. The conventional esisto was substituted by photoesisto. Digital data fom the evesible counte wee pocessed in PC by using LabVIEW. To veify the independence of measuement eo on mismatches in the elements of the flip-flop, one of the load esistances was set to 7. kω and othe esistance was subsequently given seveal diffeent (fom 7. to. kω). Simultaneously, the mismatch in satuation cuents was simply ealized by using two tansistos connected in paallel on one side of the flip-flop, while on the othe side, thee was only one tansisto. The emaining paametes wee as follows: R k = Ω, R =.8 kω, LSB = mv. The flip-flop senso was contolled by a voltage pulse accoding to Fig. 3, while δ, δ = 6µs, m = V and T = 4µs. The output voltage of the Wheatstone bidge was measued by a pecise voltmete to define measuement eo of the auto-compensatoy system. In elation to equation (8), the negligible integal and diffeential non-lineaity leads to eo one LSB. In case of this expeiment it should be eo 5.5 µv. But the maximal expeimental eo was equal to 3 µv. The eason was being looked fo in the influence of a themal and shot noise because highfequency eos cannot be compensated fo by using the auto-compensatoy system (see Section Equivalent voltage). The effect of noise put on an output voltage of the DAC is shown in Fig.. Since influence of noise can be makedly eliminated by a ditheing, this technique was used. The eade will find moe detailed infomation about implementation of this method in []. The esultant eo was compensated fom 3 to 7 µv. Remaining deviation (.5 µv) was caused by DAC and DAC. Taking into account this deviation, effective numbe of bits (ENOB) [4] is equal to, because bits DAC was used. In the following expeiment a distubing voltage IN was employed in the Wheatstone bidge (Fig. 5). The esult eo was again equal to 7 µv by using the ditheing.
11 Fig.. Output signal of DAC. The aim of these expeiments was to show that the eo of measuement by using the autocompensatoy system with the flip-flop depends only on DAC,. And fom this point of view a vey good ageement between expeimental and simulated, theoetical esults could be declaed. In the following pat, dynamical popeties of the auto-compensatoy system will be descibed. Fom a global view, the evesible countes used in the auto-compensatoy system ae digital integatos. Howeve, senso signal of the Wheatstone bidge can be time-vaiant. To avoid a dynamic eo it must hold () d t LSB <, (9) dt T max whee T is peiod of the contol impulses (Fig. 3). Assuming ( t) sin ( π f t) follows that f = it m LSB <, () 4πT whee f is a fequency of the senso signal. Example: fo m =.mv, LSB = mv, T = 4µs, accoding to (), f will be equal to khz. m 4. COMPARISON WITH THE STANDARD SOLTIONS The output of the Wheatstone bidge is a small diffeential voltage supeimposed on a lage common mode voltage. To povide a usable signal, an instumentation amplifie can be used in the standad solution. The standad topology contains thee opeational amplifies and seven esistos []. To make a compaison with the poposed solution, some basic chaacteistics of instumentation amplifie ae descibed in the following text. The common mode ejection depends on esisto matching and oveall gain. The common mode ejection atio (CMRR) of the instumentation amplifie is appoximately equal to half esisto mismatch plus the gain. Fo example, a % esisto mismatch the CMRR is limited to 46 db plus the gain efeed to the input. The CMRR of standad instumentation amplifies anges fom 65 to db. The gain stability and gain lineaity also depend on the esisto matching. The gain lineaity is about of.% but eo of gain can be anged fom. to %. Last chaacteistic that must be taken into account is an offset. Its value is at intevals fom
12 tenths to ones of mv []. These eos ae not tivial in high pecision system. In addition, they can be makedly changed depending on some influences. Besides, the senso signal can be affected by a time vaiant distubance. A standad measuing system containing the instumentation amplifie, ADC and calibation cicuits is shown in Fig.. DAC Souce of efeence signal ef off Compensation of offset ADC Digital output Micopocesso Regulation of gain Fig.. Instumentation amplifie with ADC. Thee-signal technique can be used to compensate offset and eo of gain. The output voltage is given = ( A+ A ) + INL A+ A +.5LSB, () (( ) ) OT A/ D A/ D whee INL A/D is an integal non-lineaity of ADC and A is an eo of gain. Duing the offset compensation, the inputs ae shot-cicuited, theefoe Then the offset compensation leads to (( ) ) = ( A+ A ) + INL A+ A +.5LSB. () OToff off A/ D off A/ D ' OT INL = " ( A + A) + INLA/ D ( OT ) ( A + ) ( A + A) ) INL ( ) + A/ D off A off (.5LSB ), D / A OToff D / A (3) " whee INL D/A is an integal non-lineaity of DAC and OT = (A+ A) (A+ A) off INL A/D ((A+ A) off ) (INL D/A ( OToff )+.5LSB D/A ). The efeence signal is used to compensate fo eo of gain, theefoe whee ( ) OTef ef = A+ A and " OTef = OTef OToff + INLA / D ( OTef ) ( INL ( ) +.5LSB ) +.5LSB, D / A OToff ( ( ) ) D / A A / D = INL +.5LSB +.5LSB. The eo of gain, in OTef OTef OToff D / A OToff D / A A/ D this case, can be calculated fom equation ( ) = A+ A. Fom (4) it follows that OTef ( ) ( ) ef ( ) + INL / /.5 /.5 OTef A D OTef OToff INLD A OToff + LSBD A + LSBA/ D A = A. (5) ef (4)
13 The esultant output voltage with compensation of offset and eo of gain is given A A A INL OTef OT = ( + ) A/ D ( OTef ) + ef ef + INLA/ D (( A + A) off ) + ( INLD / A ( OToff ) +.5LSBD / A ) + ef ef ef IV ( A A) off INLA/ D ( OT ), (6) whee A A A INL IV OTef OT = ( + ) A/ D ( OTef ) + ef ef + INLA/ D( ( A + A) off) + ef + ( INLD / A ( OToff ) +.5LSBD / A ) ( A + A) off. ef ef OTef Because ( A+ A) A = A, fo input signal = + off (Fig. ), the ef esultant eo is defined + off + off ν = INLA/ D( OTef) + INLA/ D( ( A + A) off) + ef ef + off + ( INLD / A ( OToff ) +.5LSBD / A ) + ef ef off IV ( A A) off Aoff INLA/ D ( OT ), (7) whee is senso signal. The dependence of the esultant eo of the standad system on integal non-lineaity of DAC and ADC, ef and on off, accoding to Fig., can be obseved fom equation (7). On the othe hand, the esultant eo of the measuement by using auto-compensatoy system with the flip-flop, accoding to Fig. 6, depends only on integal and diffeential non-lineaity of DACs. In ode to show the popeties of the poposed and standad solution in a moe detailed way let us assume the following example: A =, A = 5. DAC, also ADC, accoding to Fig., ae bits. Thei integal and diffeential non-lineaity chaacteistics ae shown in Fig. 3 and 4. These chaacteistics can be obtained by using standad testing methods [4, ].
14 off ef Fig. 3. Integal non-lineaity as a function of output codes DNL [LSB] output codes Fig. 4. Diffeential non-lineaity as a function of output codes. Let the values of (A+ A) off and OToff coespond with output code equal to and OTef, OTef coespond with output code equal to 5 (Fig. 3). The esultant eo, accoding to equation (7), is shown in Fig. 5. This eo anges fom - 4 to.7 LSB. 3 eo [LSB] output codes Fig. 5. Resultant eo of the standad system. Howeve, on the othe hand, the esultant eo of auto-compensatoy system depends only on integal and diffeential non-lineaity of DACs (Fig. 6). The esultant eo of the poposed
15 system, accoding to equation (8), is shown in Fig. 6 (max(dnl) =. LSB; Fig. 6). This eo anges fom -.4 to.3 LSB and does not depend on offset and efeence signal. The esisto atio eo was supposed to be equal with.3 %..5.5 eo [LSB] outpu codes Fig. 6. Resultant eo of the poposed system. 5. CONCLSION A tansduce inteface fo esistive sensos has been pesented. A new concept fo accuate measuement has been implemented in a single cicuit. In compaison to odinay systems the type of a calibation using a pecise DAC is not equied. Instead two DACs ae used in the feedback to compensate inaccuacies and to measue a senso signal fom the Wheatstone bidge. The main acquisition is in the use of a modified flip-flop. All distubances and mismatches in the elements of the flip-flop and some distubances of the Wheatstone bidge ae compensated and accuacy depends only on the pecision of DACs. The expeimental cicuit was made by suface montage technology and its immunity was being tested on exteme mismatches in elements of the flip-flop and on distubances. ENOB of tansduce inteface is bits by using bits DAC is main test esult. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This wok has been suppoted by the Gant Agency of the Slovak Republic VEGA gant. No. /8/5. REFERENCES. Hosticka B.J., Bockhede W., Hammeschmidt D.: Silicon sensos systems. Smat senso intefaces-kluwe Academic Publishe, Novembe 997, pp Kiianaki N. V., Yuish S. Y., Shpak N. O., Deynega V. P.: Data Acquisition and Signal Pocessing fo Smat Sensos. John Willey & Sons, Mach, p Randy F.: ndestanding Smat Sensos. Atech House, Apil, p IEEE Std IEEE Standad fo digitizing wavefom ecodes. The institute of electical and electonics enginees, Inc. New Yok, SA, 994, p Kollá M.: Measuement of capacitances based on a flip-flop senso. Sensos&Tansduces e-digest (S&T), Vol. 35, No. 8-9, 3, Toonto, Ontaio Canada, p. 7.
16 6. Lian W., Middelhoek S.: A new class of integated sensos with digital output based upon the use of a flipflop. IEEE Electon Device Lettes, Vol. EDL-7, 986, pp Middelhoek S., Audet S.A.: Silicon Sensos: full of pomises and pitfalls. J.Phys. E: Sci. Instum., Vol., 987, pp Kollá, M.: Flip-flop senso contolled by slow-ise contol pulse. Radioengineeing, Vol., No. 3,, pp , ISSN Špány V., Pivka L.: Dynamic popeties of flip-flop sensos, Jounal of Electical Engineeing, Vol. 47, No. 7-8, p Aeny P.R., Webste J.G.: Analog signal pocessing, John Wiley and sons, 999, p. 6.. Kollá M.: ncetainty in the system fo measuement of the capacitances by using flip-flop senso. Vol. 4, 3, p. 6.. Apia P., Daponte P., Michaeli L.: Analytical a pioi appoach to phase-plane modeling of SAR A/D convetes. IEEE Tansaction on Instumentation and Measuement, Vol. 47, No. 4, 998, pp INTERFEJS PRZETWORNIKA DLA OPORNOŚCIOWYCH ELEMENTÓW CZJNIKOWYCH OPARTY NA ZASTOSOWANI PRZERZTNIKA BISTABILNEGO. Steszczenie Niniejszy atykuł pzedstawia nowy intefejs pzetwonika. Ten intefejs jest używany z mostkami oponościowymi. Pzetwazanie analogowo-cyfowe opiea się na użyciu systemu samokompensacyjnego z dwoma pzetwonikami cyfowo-analogowymi (D/A). Dla uzyskania dużej dokładności zastosowano nowy sposób pomiau opaty na użyciu pzezutnika bistabilnego. Głównymi zaletami opisanej achitektuy są: a) Dokładność kalibacji zależy jedynie od LSB i maksymalnej nieliniowości óżnicowej max(dnl) piewszego pzetwonika cyfowo-analogowego, b) Wypadkowa dokładność pomiau zależy od dokładności kalibacji oaz od dokładności dugiego pzetwonika analogowo-cyfowego, c) Obliczenie wzou koekcyjnego (lub tablicy pzeglądowej) i wzmacniacz wejściowy nie są wymagane. Doświadczalny układ pomiaowy z pzezutnikiem bistabilnym został wykonany i symulowany w celu weyfikacji pomiau.
Compact Beamformer Design with High Frame Rate for Ultrasound Imaging
Sensos & Tansduces 2014 by IFSA Publishing, S. L. http://www.sensospotal.com Compact Beamfome Design with High Fame Rate fo Ultasound Imaging Jun Luo, Qijun Huang, Sheng Chang, Xiaoying Song, Hao Wang
More informationStudy on evaluation method of the pure tone for small fan
Study on evaluation method of the pue tone fo small fan Takao YAMAGUCHI 1 ; Gaku MINORIKAWA 2 ; Masayuki KIHARA 3 1, 2 Hosei Univesity, Japan 3 Shap Copoation, Japan ABSTRACT In the field of audio, visual
More informationA Reconfigurable Frame Interpolation Hardware Architecture for High Definition Video
A Reconfiguable Fame Intepolation Hadwae Achitectue fo High Definition Video Ozgu Tasdizen and Ilke Hamzaoglu Faculty of Engineeing and Natual Sciences, Sabanci Univesity 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Tukey
More informationPrecision Interface Technology
Pecision Inteface Technology Phono Inteconnect Cables INTRODUCTION Signals fom catidges ae highly sensitive to hum, noise and vaious foms of intefeence. The connecting cable between the catidge and pe-amplifie
More informationH-DFT: A HYBRID DFT ARCHITECTURE FOR LOW-COST HIGH QUALITY STRUCTURAL TESTING
H-DFT: A HYBRID DFT ARCHITECTURE FOR LOW-COST HIGH QUALITY STRUCTURAL TESTING David M. Wu*, Mike Lin, Subhasish Mita, Kee Sup Kim, Anil Sabbavaapu, Talal Jabe, Pete Johnson, Dale Mach, Geg Paish Intel
More informationUniversity of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research. Peer reviewed version. Link to published version (if available): /VETECF.2002.
Nesimoglu, T., Beach, MA., MacLeod, JR., & Wa, PA. (00). Mixe lineaisation fo softwae defined adio applications. In ehicula Technology Confeence 00 (TC 00-Fall) (ol. 1, pp. 534-538). Institute of Electical
More informationOn the Design of LPM Address Generators Using Multiple LUT Cascades on FPGAs
Novembe 6, 006 1:58 Intenational Jounal of Electonics lpm IJE Intenational Jounal of Electonics Vol. **, No. **, ** 006, 1 18 On the Design of LPM Addess Geneatos Using Multiple LUT Cascades on FPGAs Hui
More informationPrecision Interface Technology
Pecision Inteface Technology Phono Inteconnect Cables INTRODUCTION Signals fom catidges ae highly sensitive to hum, noise and vaious foms of intefeence. The connecting cable between the catidge and pe-amplifie
More informationExperimental Investigation of the Effect of Speckle Noise on Continuous Scan Laser Doppler Vibrometer Measurements
Expeimental Investigation of the Effect of Speckle Noise on Continuous Scan Lase Dopple Vibomete Measuements Michael W. Sacic & Matthew S. Allen Univesity of Wisconsin-Madison 535 Engineeing Reseach Building
More informatione-workbook TECHNIQUES AND MATERIALS OF MUSIC Part I: Rudiments
e-wokbook fo TECHNIQUES AND MATERIALS OF MUSIC Fom the Common Pactice Peiod Though the Tentieth Centuy ENHANCED SEVENTH EDITION Pat I: Rudiments Assignments in oksheet fomat by Thomas enamin Michael Hovit
More informationRanking Fuzzy Numbers by Using Radius of Gyration
ustalian Jounal of Basic and pplied Sciences, (): 68-66, 00 ISSN 99-878 anking Fuzz Numbes b Using adius of Gation. S.H. Nassei, M. Sohabi Depatment of Mathematical Sciences, Mazandaan Univesit, P.O.Bo
More informationA QUERY BY HUMMING SYSTEM THAT LEARNS FROM EXPERIENCE
A QUERY BY HUMMING SYSTEM THAT LEARNS FROM EXPERIENCE David Little, David Raffenspege, Byan Pado EECS Depatment Nothwesten Univesity Evanston, IL 60201 d-little,d-affenspege,pado@nothwesten.edu ABSTRACT
More informationLISG Laser Interferometric Sensor for Glass fiber User's manual.
LISG Lase Intefeometic Senso fo Glass fibe Use's manual. Vesion : 14.0.0 2015 CERSA-MCI CERSA-MCI 53, pac Expobat 13480 CABRIES FRANCE tel: +33 (0)4 42 02 60 44 fax: +33 (0)4 42 02 79 79 web: http://www.cesa-mci.com
More informationR&D White Paper WHP 119. Mezzanine Compression for HDTV. Research & Development BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION. September R.T.
R&D White Pape WHP 119 Septembe 2005 Mezzanine Compession fo HDTV R.T. Russell Reseach & Development BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION BBC Reseach & Development White Pape WHP 119 Mezzanine Compession
More informationMelodic Similarity - a Conceptual Framework
Melodic Similaity - a Conceptual Famewok Ludge Hofmann-Engl The Link +44 (0)20 8771 0639 ludge.hofmann-engl@vigin.net Abstact. Melodic similaity has been at the cente of eseach within the community of
More informationA 0.8 V T Network-Based 2.6 GHz Downconverter RFIC
3 J.-M. WU, C.-K. LIOU, C.-J. CHUANG, Y. KUO, A. V T NETWORK-BASED. GHZ DOWNCONVERTER RFIC A. V T Netwok-Based. GHz Downconvete RFIC Jian-Ming WU, Ching-Kuo LIOU, Ching-Jui CHUANG, Yujin KUO Dept. of Electonic
More informationC2 Vectors C3 Interactions transfer momentum. General Physics GP7-Vectors (Ch 4) 1
C2 Vectos C3 Inteactions tansfe momentum Geneal Phsics GP7-Vectos (Ch 4) 1 Solutions to HW When ou homewok is gaded and etuned, solutions will be available. Download PobViewe 1.4 www.phsics.pomona.edu/siideas/sicp.html
More informationA Low Cost Scanning Fabry Perot Interferometer for Student Laboratory
A Low Cost Scanning Faby Peot Intefeomete fo Student Laboatoy K.T.Satyajit, Suesh Doavai*, T.E.Kanakavalli **, Shaath Ananthamuthy Depatment of Physics, Bangaloe Univesity, Jnanabhaati Campus, Bangaloe-560056
More informationScalable Music Recommendation by Search
Scalable Music Recommendation by Seach Rui Cai, Chao Zhang, Lei Zhang, and Wei-Ying Ma Micosoft Reseach, Asia 49 Zhichun Road, Beijing 100080, P.R. China {uicai, v-chaozh, leizhang, wyma}@micosoft.com
More informationTHE SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR FOR MEASUREMENT OF THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAPACITORS
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volume 2, Section 3, 22 THE SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR FOR MEASUREMENT OF THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAPACITORS Martin Kollár Department of Electronics and Multimedia Telecommunications,
More informationEWCM 900. technical user manual. electronic controller for compressors and fans
EWCM 900 technical use manual electonic contolle fo compessos and fans Summay 1. INTRODUCTION...5 1.1. VERSIONS... 5 1.2. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS... 5 2. USER INTERFACE...6 2.1. COMPRESSOR SECTION... 6
More informationVersion Capital public radio. Brand, Logo and Style Guide
Vesion 2.0 12.3.2014 Capital public adio Band, Logo and Style Guide T A C K E T T + B A R B A R I A Oveview Ask anyone in the Sacamento egion what they think of Capital Public Radio and thei esponses will
More informationModified Sigma-Delta Converter and Flip-Flop Circuits Used for Capacitance Measuring
Modified Sigma-Delta Converter and Flip-Flop Circuits Used for Capacitance Measuring MILAN STORK Department of Applied Electronics and Telecommunications University of West Bohemia P.O. Box 314, 30614
More informationStochastic analysis of Stravinsky s varied ostinati
Stochastic analysis of Stavinsky s vaied ostinati Daniel Bown Depatment of Music, Univesity of Califonia at Santa Cuz, USA dalaow@ucsc.edu Poceedings of the Xenakis Intenational Symposium Southank Cente,
More informationA METRIC FOR MUSIC NOTATION TRANSCRIPTION ACCURACY
A METRIC FOR MUSIC NOTATION TRANSCRIPTION ACCURACY Andea Cogliati Univesity of Rocheste Electical and Compute Engineeing andea.cogliati@ocheste.edu Zhiyao Duan Univesity of Rocheste Electical and Compute
More informationGrant Spacing Signaling at the ONU
Gant Spacing Signaling at the ONU Glen Kame, Boadcom Duane Remein, Huawei May 2018 IEEE 802.3ca Task Foce, ittsbugh, A 1 Total Bust Size In 802.3ca, the OLT GATE message conveys only the payload length
More information4.5 Pipelining. Pipelining is Natural!
4.5 Pipelining Ovelapped execution of instuctions Instuction level paallelism (concuency) Example pipeline: assembly line ( T Fod) Response time fo any instuction is the same Instuction thoughput inceases
More informationADC0804C, ADC BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS WITH DIFFERENTIAL INPUTS
8-Bit esolution atiometric Conversion 100-µs Conversion Time 135-ns Access Time No Zero Adjust equirement On-Chip Clock Generator Single 5-V Power Supply Operates With Microprocessor or as Stand-Alone
More informationCLASSIFICATION OF RECORDED CLASSICAL MUSIC USING NEURAL NETWORKS
CLASSIFICATIO OF RECORDED CLASSICAL MUSIC USIG EURAL ETWORKS R Malheio ab R P Paiva a A J Mendes a T Mendes a A Cadoso a a CISUC Cento de Infomática e Sistemas da Univesidade de Coimba Depatamento de Engenhaia
More informationLanguage and Music: Differential Hemispheric Dominance in Detecting Unexpected Errors in the Lyrics and Melody of Memorized Songs
Human Bain Mapping 30:588 601 (2009) Language and Music: Diffeential Hemispheic Dominance in Detecting Unexpected Eos in the Lyics and Melody of Memoized Songs Takuya Yasui, 1,2,3 Kimitaka Kaga, 2,4 and
More informationRBM-PLDA subsystem for the NIST i-vector Challenge
INTERSPEECH 2014 RBM-PLDA subsystem fo the NIST i-vecto Challenge Segey Novoselov 1, Timu Pekhovsky 1,2, Konstantin Simonchik 1,2, Andey Shulipa 1 1 Depatment of Speake Veification and Identification,
More informationMusic from an evil subterranean beast
Music fom an evil subteanean beast Novembe 4, 2011 Abstact Two ecent compositions have capitalized on the geat expessive ange of a custom-designed music synthesis algoithm. The "Animal" plays a pat in
More informationother islands for four players violin, soprano sax, piano & computer nick fells 2009
fo fou playes violin, sopano sax, piano compute nick fells 2009 nick fells fo ensemle intégales, octoe 2009 this piece is fo fou playes: sopano sax, violin, piano and compute (ith maxmsp softae) it lasts
More informationDesign of Address Generators Using Multiple LUT Cascade on FPGA
Deign of Adde Geneato Uing Multiple LUT Cacade on FPGA Hui Qin and Tutomu Saao Depatment of Compute Science and Electonic, Kyuhu Intitute of Technology 680 4, Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 80 850, Japan Abtact
More informationT sors, such that when the bias of a flip-flop circuit is
EEE TRANSACTONS ON NSTRUMENTATON AND MEASUREMENT, VOL. 39, NO. 4, AUGUST 1990 653 Array of Sensors with A/D Conversion Based on Flip-Flops WEJAN LAN AND SETSE E. WOUTERS Abstruct-A silicon array of light
More informationDeal or No Deal? Decision Making under Risk in a Large-Payoff Game Show
Deal o No Deal? Decision Making unde Risk in a Lage-Payoff Game Show Thiey Post, Matijn J. van den Assem, Guido Baltussen and Richad H. Thale * Published in the Ameican Economic Review, Mach 2008 (98:1),
More informationFM ACOUSTICS NEWS. News for Professionals. News for Domestic Users. Acclaimed the world over: The Resolution Series TM Phono Linearizers/Preamplifiers
FM ACOUSTICS NEWS Volume 8, Sping 1997 News fo Domestic Uses Phono Lineaizes/Peamplifies 1 The Futue of Analog 3 The Inspiation System 4 Unique Potection Systems 5 Tuneable speake cables 6 Impoving the
More informationThe game of competitive sorcery that will leave you spellbound.
A Game by Buce Basi The game of competitive socey that will leave you spellbound. 0 min 4+ 2- Toubles a-bewin! It s exam time at the School of Socey and the mischievous witches ae caft thei stongest potions
More informationCitrus Station Mimeo Report CES WFW-Lake Alfred, Florida Lake Alfred, Florida Newsletter No. 2 6.
Newslette No. 2 6 Citus Station Mimeo Repot CES 70-13 Novembe 18, 1969 750-WFW-Lake Alfed, Floida 33850 Edito: W. F. Wadowski Havesting and Handling Section* Univesity of Floida Citus Expeiment Station
More informationGS4882, GS4982 Video Sync Separators with 50% Sync Slicing
GS488, GS498 Video Sync Separators with 50% Sync Slicing DATA SHEET FEATUES precision 50% sync slicing internal color burst filter ±5 ns temperature stability superior noise immunity robust signal detection/output
More informationFlagger Control for Resurfacing or Moving Operation. One-Lane Two-Way Operation
Flagger Control for esurfacing or Moving Operation 5 DEVICE MINIMUM WOK AEA SET 1 SET SET 3 SET 4 ACTIVE INACTIVE ACTIVE INACTIVE SIGN SETS 1 AND 3 AE ACTIVE AND (I.E., SIGNS FACE ONCOMING TAFFIC). SIGN
More information(2'-6") OUTLINE OF REQUIRED CLEAR SERVICE AREA
VACUUM AI TUBE 2GX 494 CUSTOME DETAILS DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETES L64 "ALL DIMENSIONS AND DESIGN CITEIA POJECTION PAGE OF 7 46 ('- TAFFIC FLOW CALL -8-999-6 (2") MIN. 8 2") ( DUAL CALL/SEND INTEFACE FEATUE
More informationSpreadsheet analysis of a hierarchical control system model of behavior. RICHARD S. MARKEN Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, California
Behavio Reseach Methods, Instuments, & Comutes 1990, 22 (4), 349-359 - METHODS & DESIGNS Seadsheet analysis of a hieachical contol system model of behavio RICHARD S. MARKEN Aeosace Cooation, Los Angeles,
More informationFlagger Control for Resurfacing or Moving Operation. One-Lane Two-Way Operation
Flagger Control for esurfacing or Moving Operation 5 5 WOK AEA 5 5 DEVICE MINIMUM SET 1 SET SET THIS SET OF SIGNS IS PLACED WITH SIGN LEGEND TUNED AWAY FOM BOTH DIECTIONS OF TAFFIC UNTIL ESUFACING OPEATIONS
More informationKeller Central Percussion
Kee Centa Pecussion Font Ensembe Execise Packet The fooing pages incude basic to intemediate technique and coodination execises fo the maching pecussion idiom. A stong gasp of these fundamentas is essentia
More informationInvestigation of Digital Signal Processing of High-speed DACs Signals for Settling Time Testing
Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 4(2): 67-72, 2016 DOI: 10.13189/ujeee.2016.040204 http://www.hrpub.org Investigation of Digital Signal Processing of High-speed DACs Signals for
More informationDecade Counters Mod-5 counter: Decade Counter:
Decade Counters We can design a decade counter using cascade of mod-5 and mod-2 counters. Mod-2 counter is just a single flip-flop with the two stable states as 0 and 1. Mod-5 counter: A typical mod-5
More informationChapter 1: Choose a Research Topic
Chapte 1: Choose a Reseach Topic This chapte coves: Topic 1: Libay Reseach Basics Topic 2: Get to Know the Libay Topic 3: Seaching Online Databases Successful eseach begins with knowing the basics. Roaming
More informationMIE 402: WORKSHOP ON DATA ACQUISITION AND SIGNAL PROCESSING Spring 2003
MIE 402: WORKSHOP ON DATA ACQUISITION AND SIGNAL PROCESSING Spring 2003 OBJECTIVE To become familiar with state-of-the-art digital data acquisition hardware and software. To explore common data acquisition
More information2 MHz Lock-In Amplifier
2 MHz Lock-In Amplifier SR865 2 MHz dual phase lock-in amplifier SR865 2 MHz Lock-In Amplifier 1 mhz to 2 MHz frequency range Dual reference mode Low-noise current and voltage inputs Touchscreen data display
More informationFocus: Orff process, timbre, movement, improvisation. Audience: Teachers K-8
VMEA Distict 14 Apil 26, 2014 Sounds abound! Bent Holl Desciption In this session we ll celebate the timbes of the Off instuments as we look at thei ustification and use in the music classoom We will play
More informationBasic rules for the design of RF Controls in High Intensity Proton Linacs. Particularities of proton linacs wrt electron linacs
Basic rules Basic rules for the design of RF Controls in High Intensity Proton Linacs Particularities of proton linacs wrt electron linacs Non-zero synchronous phase needs reactive beam-loading compensation
More informationDigital Delay / Pulse Generator DG535 Digital delay and pulse generator (4-channel)
Digital Delay / Pulse Generator Digital delay and pulse generator (4-channel) Digital Delay/Pulse Generator Four independent delay channels Two fully defined pulse channels 5 ps delay resolution 50 ps
More informationCross-Cultural Music Phrase Processing:
Human Bain Mapping 29:312 328 (2008) Coss-Cultual Music Phase Pocessing: An fmri Study Yun Nan, 1,2 Thomas R. Knösche, 1,3 * Stefan Zysset, 1 and Angela D. Fiedeici 1 1 Max Planck Institute fo Human Cognitive
More informationSCP725 Series. 3M It s that Easy! Picture this:
3M Supe lose Pojection Systems SP725 Seies with Simply Inteactive 3M It s that Easy! Pictue this: Students acing to the boad Feedom to choose any inteactive softwae that fits you lesson plans Teaches effotlessly
More informationEE273 Lecture 11 Pipelined Timing Closed-Loop Timing November 2, Today s Assignment
EE273 Lecture 11 Pipelined Timing Closed-Loop Timing November 2, 1998 William J. ally Computer Systems Laboratory Stanford University billd@csl.stanford.edu Copyright (C) by William J. ally, All Rights
More informationSources of Error in Time Interval Measurements
Sources of Error in Time Interval Measurements Application Note Some timer/counters available today offer resolution of below one nanosecond in their time interval measurements. Of course, high resolution
More informationINF4420 Project Spring Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
INF4420 Project Spring 2011 Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) 1. Introduction Data converters are one of the fundamental building blocks in integrated circuit design.
More information25.5 A Zero-Crossing Based 8b, 200MS/s Pipelined ADC
25.5 A Zero-Crossing Based 8b, 200MS/s Pipelined ADC Lane Brooks and Hae-Seung Lee Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1 Outline Motivation Review of Op-amp & Comparator-Based Circuits Introduction of
More informationTHE NOISE PERFORMANCE OF EVALUATION BOARDS FOR A UNIVERSAL TRANSDUCER INTERFACE WITH USB CONNECTION
THE NOISE PERFORMANCE OF EVALUATION BOARDS FOR A UNIVERSAL TRANSDUCER INTERFACE WITH CONNECTION Zu-yao Chang, Gerard C. M. Meijer Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory, Delft University of Technology,
More informationMusic Technology Advanced Subsidiary Unit 1: Music Technology Portfolio 1
Peason Edexcel GCE Music Technology Advanced Subsidiay Unit 1: Music Technology Potfolio 1 Release date: Tuesday 1 Septembe 2015 Time: 60 hous Pape Refeence 6MT01/01 You must have: A copy of the oiginal
More informationVOICES IN JAPANESE ANIMATION: HOW PEOPLE PERCEIVE THE VOICES OF GOOD GUYS AND BAD GUYS. Mihoko Teshigawara
1. INTRODUCTION VOICES IN JAPANESE ANIMATION: HOW PEOPLE PERCEIVE THE VOICES OF GOOD GUYS AND BAD GUYS Mihoko Teshigawaa Depatment oflinguistics Univesity ofvictoia, B.C., Canada Japanese anime, an animation
More informationPESIT Bangalore South Campus
SOLUTIONS TO INTERNAL ASSESSMENT TEST 3 Date : 8/11/2016 Max Marks: 40 Subject & Code : Analog and Digital Electronics (15CS32) Section: III A and B Name of faculty: Deepti.C Time : 11:30 am-1:00 pm Note:
More informationChapter 4. Minor Keys and the Diatonic Modes BASIC ELEMENTS
Chapte 4 Supplementay Execises - 1 Chapte 4 Mino Keys and the Diatonic Modes BASIC ELEMENTS I. Witing mino scales: Relative majo and mino A. Fo each majo key below, wite out the majo scale on the left-hand
More informationContent-Based Movie Recommendation Using Different Feature Sets
Poceedings of the Wold Congess on Engineeing and Compte Science 202 Vol, Octobe 24-26, 202, San Fancisco, USA Content-Based Movie Recommendation Using Diffeent Feate Sets Mahiye Ulyagm, Zeha Cataltepe
More informationADC Peripheral in Microcontrollers. Petr Cesak, Jan Fischer, Jaroslav Roztocil
ADC Peripheral in s Petr Cesak, Jan Fischer, Jaroslav Roztocil Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technicka 2, CZ-16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic Phone: +420-224 352
More informationAuburn University Marching Band
Aubun Univesity Maching Band Dea Pospective Dum Line Membe, Thank you fo you inteest in the 2018 Aubun Dum Line! The Aubun Univesity Maching Band has a poud tadition of exceent pefomances and geat schoo
More informationDigital Lock-In Amplifiers SR850 DSP lock-in amplifier with graphical display
Digital Lock-In Amplifiers SR850 DSP lock-in amplifier with graphical display SR850 DSP Lock-In Amplifier 1 mhz to 102.4 khz frequency range >100 db dynamic reserve 0.001 degree phase resolution Time constants
More informationTexas Bandmasters Association 2016 Convention/Clinic
Pefomance echniques of the Contempoay Maching Pecussion Ensemble CLINICIANS: Roland Chavez, Steve Wessels DEMONSRAION GROUP: Ceda Pak High School Pecussion exas Bandmastes Association 2016 Convention/Clinic
More informationInstead of the foreword. The author
Instead of the foreword In the 70 s... 80 s I was an enthusiast of buildings with tubes of any kind. Later my hobby's interest has shifted to other areas. I left however, with a large dowry of tubes such
More informationData Converter Overview: DACs and ADCs. Dr. Paul Hasler and Dr. Philip Allen
Data Converter Overview: DACs and ADCs Dr. Paul Hasler and Dr. Philip Allen The need for Data Converters ANALOG SIGNAL (Speech, Images, Sensors, Radar, etc.) PRE-PROCESSING (Filtering and analog to digital
More informationA Practical and Historical Guide to Johann Sebastian Bach s Solo in A Minor BWV 1013
Southen Illinois Univesity Cabondale OpenSIUC Aticles School of Music Sping 2017 A Pactical and Histoical Guide to Johann Sebastian Bach s Solo in A Mino BWV 1013 Douglas Wothen wothen@siu.edu Follow this
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. Jacobson and the Meaningful Life Center. Introduction: Birthday Greeting from Rabbi Simon. Postscript: Do You Matter?
TABLE OF CONTENTS Intoduction: Bithday Geeting fom Rabbi Simon Jacobson and the Meaningful Life Cente STEP 1. Pesonal Intospection STEP 2. Intensify and Initiate STEP 3. Give Additional Chaity STEP 4.
More informationMaking Fraction Division Concrete: A New Way to Understand the Invert and Multiply Algorithm
Making Faction Division Concete: A Ne Way to Undestand the Invet and Multily Algoithm Intoduction us is not to eason hy, just invet and multily. This is a hyme that I emembe leaning ay back in the fifth
More informationGENLINX II GS9032 Digital Video Serializer
GENLINX II GS932 Digital Video Serializer FEATUES SMPTE 259M and 54Mb/s compliant serializes 8-bit or 1-bit data autostandard, adjustment free operation minimal external components (no loop filter components
More informationSUITES AVAILABLE. TO LET Grade A Offices
SUITES VILBLE Ely Riv d y R F N R D TO LET Gade Offices Retail B Moos Fy Rd 4 3 Dunleavy D GRNGE TON 0 41 Du nle av y Supstoe Pospect Place P Ely EN Inte al D tion na Riv Intnational Pool k at Ice Rink
More informationÛ Û Û Û J Û . Û Û Û Û Û Û Û. Û Û 4 Û Û &4 2 Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û. Û. Û. Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ. œ œ.
Alto Baitone Saxophones omping Basi pattens (Maxixe): R Samba Samba evolved fom maxixe aound the 10s Two elements wee uial fo the definition of its style: the pattens eated by new and old peussion instuments
More informationNote 5. Digital Electronic Devices
Note 5 Digital Electronic Devices Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada 1 1. Binary and Hexadecimal Numbers Digital systems perform
More informationReadout techniques for drift and low frequency noise rejection in infrared arrays
Readout techniques for drift and low frequency noise rejection in infrared arrays European Southern Observatory Finger, G., Dorn, R.J, Hoffman, A.W., Mehrgan, H., Meyer, M., Moorwood, A.F.M., Stegmeier,
More informationModify the UL40-S2 into a Super-Triode amplifier. Ir. Menno van der Veen
Modify the UL40-S2 into a Super-Triode amplifier Ir. Menno van der Veen Introduction about modifications: The UL40-S2 is already some years on the market and meanwhile I have received several requests
More informationRemoval of Decaying DC Component in Current Signal Using a ovel Estimation Algorithm
Removal of Decaying DC Component in Current Signal Using a ovel Estimation Algorithm Majid Aghasi*, and Alireza Jalilian** *Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology,
More informationDigital Correction for Multibit D/A Converters
Digital Correction for Multibit D/A Converters José L. Ceballos 1, Jesper Steensgaard 2 and Gabor C. Temes 1 1 Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis,
More informationRGB ENCODER FOR PAL/NTSC FUNCTIONS FEATURES BLOCK DIAGRAM 24-SOP-300
The KA2198D is a monolithic circuit designed for encoder of video system. This device provides encoding system of PAL and NTSC video signal. The KA2198D contains matrix of -Y/-Y, modulator, pulse generator,
More informationInterfacing Analog to Digital Data Converters. A/D D/A Converter 1
Interfacing Analog to Digital Data Converters A/D D/A Converter 1 In most of the cases, the PPI 8255 is used for interfacing the analog to digital converters with microprocessor. The analog to digital
More informationGHz Sampling Design Challenge
GHz Sampling Design Challenge 1 National Semiconductor Ghz Ultra High Speed ADCs Target Applications Test & Measurement Communications Transceivers Ranging Applications (Lidar/Radar) Set-top box direct
More information2 MHz Lock-In Amplifier
2 MHz Lock-In Amplifier SR865 2 MHz dual phase lock-in amplifier SR865 2 MHz Lock-In Amplifier 1 mhz to 2 MHz frequency range Low-noise current and voltage inputs Touchscreen data display - large numeric
More informationDual Slope ADC Design from Power, Speed and Area Perspectives
Dual Slope ADC Design from Power, Speed and Area Perspectives Isaac Macwan, Xingguo Xiong, Lawrence Hmurcik Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604
More informationTechnology Scaling Issues of an I DDQ Built-In Current Sensor
Technology Scaling Issues of an I DDQ Built-In Current Sensor Bin Xue, D. M. H. Walker Dept. of Computer Science Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843-3112 Tel: (979) 862-4387 Email: {binxue, walker}@cs.tamu.edu
More informationAnalog to Digital Conversion
Analog to Digital Conversion What the heck is analog to digital conversion? Why do we care? Analog to Digital Conversion What the heck is analog to digital conversion? Why do we care? A means to convert
More informationIntroduction to Mechatronics. Fall Instructor: Professor Charles Ume. Analog to Digital Converter
ME6405 Introduction to Mechatronics Fall 2006 Instructor: Professor Charles Ume Analog to Digital Converter Analog and Digital Signals Analog signals have infinite states available mercury thermometer
More informationABOVE CEILING. COORDINATE WITH AV INSTALLER FOR INSTALLATION OF SURGE SUPRESSION AND TERMINATION OF OUTLET IN CEILING BOX
- VISUAL SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT LAYOUT SYMBOLS POVIDED BY AV CONTACTO POVIDED BY ELECTICAL CONTACTO/GENEAL CONTACTO POVIDED BY DATA/VOICE CABLING CONTACTO SYMBOL DESCIPTION EQUIPMENT NOTES EQUIPMENT POWE POWE
More informationGS1881, GS4881, GS4981 Monolithic Video Sync Separators
GS11, GS1, GS91 Monolithic Video Sync Separators DATA SHEET FEATURES noise tolerant odd/even flag, back porch and horizontal sync pulse fast recovery from impulse noise excellent temperature stability.5
More informationECEN689: Special Topics in High-Speed Links Circuits and Systems Spring 2011
ECEN689: Special Topics in High-Speed Links Circuits and Systems Spring 2011 Lecture 9: TX Multiplexer Circuits Sam Palermo Analog & Mixed-Signal Center Texas A&M University Announcements & Agenda Next
More informationCopyright. Robert Alexander Fontaine
Copyright by Robert Alexander Fontaine 2013 The Report Committee for Robert Alexander Fontaine Certifies that this is the approved version of the following report: Investigation of 10-Bit SAR ADC Using
More informationA FOUR GAIN READOUT INTEGRATED CIRCUIT : FRIC 96_1
A FOUR GAIN READOUT INTEGRATED CIRCUIT : FRIC 96_1 J. M. Bussat 1, G. Bohner 1, O. Rossetto 2, D. Dzahini 2, J. Lecoq 1, J. Pouxe 2, J. Colas 1, (1) L. A. P. P. Annecy-le-vieux, France (2) I. S. N. Grenoble,
More informationReference. COULTER EPICS ALTRA Flow Cytometer COULTER EPICS ALTRA HyPerSort System. PN CA (August 2010)
COULTER EPICS ALTRA Flow Cytomete COULTER EPICS ALTRA HyPeSot System Refeence (August 2010) Beckman Coulte, Inc. 250 S. Kaeme Blvd. Bea, CA 92821 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS READ ALL PRODUCT MANUALS AND CONSULT
More informationNI R Series Multifunction RIO Specifications
NI R Series Multifunction RIO Specifications This document lists the specifications of the NI 781xR/783xR/784xR/785xR. These specifications are typical at 25 C unless otherwise noted. Français Deutsch
More informationWINTER 15 EXAMINATION Model Answer
Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate
More informationLab 1 Introduction to the Software Development Environment and Signal Sampling
ECEn 487 Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Lab 1 Introduction to the Software Development Environment and Signal Sampling Due Dates This is a three week lab. All TA check off must be completed before
More informationSHF Communication Technologies AG
SHF Communication Technologies AG Wilhelm-von-Siemens-Str. 23D 12277 Berlin Germany Phone ++49 30 772 051-0 Fax ++49 30 753 10 78 E-Mail: sales@shf.de Web: http://www.shf.de Datasheet SHF 46121 C Optical
More information