Content. Exercise 7.1: Analysing Computer Games 3. Exercise 7.2: Persuasive skills 4. Exercise 7.3: Debate 4. Exercise 7.

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1 Section 1 Theme 7 1

2 2 Content: Content Page no. Theme 7: Chatter Bugs Exercise 7.1: Analysing Computer Games 3 Exercise 7.2: Persuasive skills 4 Exercise 7.3: Debate 4 Exercise 7.4: Comprehension 6 Exercise 7.5: Create your own advertisement 8 Activity 7.1: Proper Nouns 9 Activity 7.2: Demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns 10 Activity 7.3: Direct and Indirect Speech 11 Activity 7.4: Simple and Compound Sentences 12 Activity 7.5: Synonyms and Antonyms 13 Activity 7.6: Literal and Figurative Meaning 15 Activity 7.7: Word Forms 15

3 3 Computer games, Playstation, Xbox... imaginary or too realistic? Computer technology allows programmers to create graphics that are very life-like and convincing. Characters, in some games, look and move like real human beings; others have a fantasy world where players actually assume the role and identity of certain characters. Exercise 7.1: Analysing computer games How carefully do you think about the games that you play? Paste a copy this table into your book: Name of Killing/ Questing Sport Playing cards, Working a Cartoon Life like Role game fighting numbers or simulator figures human playing shapes figures Working on your own, name the top three games you enjoy playing and complete the table by ticking the columns that are appropriate to the game. Once you have done this answer the following questions: 1. Do you think it is acceptable to play games in which you pretend to kill people? Why? 2. Do you think it is more acceptable if the killers are fictional characters or if they are more life-like human figures? Give a reason to support your answer. 3. Are the games that you play realistic? Could somebody do what the characters in your games do in real life? Explain why you say so. Debating

4 4 Debating is a formal discussion on a particular matter in a public meeting, in which opposing arguments are put forward and which usually ends in a vote. Click on the first link of your List of links for Term 2 to watch a short video on how debating takes place in a formal setting. Exercise 7.2: Persuasive skills Discuss the following questions with a partner and come to some conclusions about how you feel. You will be sharing your opinions with the rest of the class. 1. a) Some people criticise computer games for being antisocial because they don t encourage people to socialise with friends, family and other people. What do you think of this criticism? Explain. b) How much time do you think a Grade 7 learner should be allowed to spend playing computer games a week? c) Are Grade 7s mature enough to monitor and, if necessary, moderate how much time they spend playing computer games and what types of games they play? Discuss this as a class. Exercise 7.3: Debate Groups of four will be given a motion to debate. One couple will be told they are for the motion (the proposing team) and the other couple will be told they are against the motion (the opposing team). The first speaker will have two minutes on each team to lay down their reasons for opposing or proposing the motion. The second speaker will then have a chance to back up their motion and will sum up their ideas. Mrs Taylor is the chairperson and the rest of the class is the audience. The audience will be able to ask a few questions and then they will vote. Merits will be awarded to those who debate well. Remember: This is a formal debate, wait for your turn to speak. Mandela s speech

5 5 During what is now known as the Rivonia Trial in 1964, Nelson Mandela was faced with a possible death sentence for the number of crimes he had committed. He read a speech from a piece of paper until he got to this part below. He put his piece of paper down and looked straight into the eyes of the judge, Justice De Wet and said: During my lifetime, I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against White domination and I have fought against Black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die. Repetition used in persuasive language Sometimes repetition is a well thought out technique used by people who make speeches. Overly repetitive writing can become tiresome. However, when used sparingly for effect, it can reinforce the writer's message and/or entertain the reader. Writers may repeat a word, a phrase or an entire sentence for emphasis. Can you think of two other ways we could write this sentence?...it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.

6 6 Exercise 7.4: Reading and viewing Answer the following questions in your work book. 1. What are your feelings after reading this extract and what impact does it have on you? (2) 2. The power of Nelson Mandela s speech comes partly from the strength of the beliefs and emotions that are evident in his words. What is the ideal that he stands for? (1) 3. a) Which particular words show that he is totally committed to his cause? (2) b) Explain what emotive language means. What is emotive about his speech? (2) 4. When Mr Mandela made this speech, he had no idea what the future held for him. Write down two things that you could never change your mind about no matter what the future may hold. Give reasons for your answers.

7 7 Advertisements To captivate the audience, consider the following: Desire The product needs to look desirable. You need to make the reader want to go out and buy/use the product/service. Target market Who is likely to buy your product? Positioning Where and when your advertisement will be shown to the public-in what media, at what time and where in the programme or magazine Appeal To what sense is the advertisement appealing to? The layout Which words would you emphasize by changing the font size? The attitude Is this advert sincere or not? Colour Is it a bright and cheerful advert or is it dull? Language Clichéd, repetitive, figurative, rhetorical, humorous, etc. Format Have you included: Product/service brand name, a catchy slogan, graphics, logo The AIDA Principal is used in Advertising: A-Attention the advert must get the reader s attention by using bold writing/colour/attractive words/slogans/logos/pictures/etc. I-Interest - the advert must create an interest in the reader, to want to read/know more. D-Desire - the poster must create a desire for the reader to go and buy the product or it must appeal to their emotions (depends on the type of advertisement)

8 8 A-Action - after reading the advert, the reader takes action, by either buying the product or taking action against something. Look at the two adverts below. They are very different. However, they are both very effective and aim to try and persuade you. Advert 1 tries to persuade you to buy the product, while Advert 2 tries to persuade you to do the right thing. The advert to stop abuse also advertises the service it offers to help people in an abusive situation. According to the AIDA Principal, which advert would get your attention? ADVERT 1 ADVERT 2

9 9 Exercise 7.5: Create your own advertisement Create your own advert, on your tablet, using the knowledge you have gained from the previous page. This advert must eventually be printed in colour, so please start making the necessary arrangements now. Your topics include: Stop bullying Stop pollution Education is important Use Tom Newby Teens as your brand name. However, your slogan and your logo are completely up to you. Be creative. Remember to follow the writing process. I may ask to see your rough work.

10 10 Activity 7.1 Proper nouns Rewrite the sentences, capitalising all the proper nouns 1. Why didn t george washington ever need a bed?... because he could not lie (2) 2. Boy: What s the capital of alaska? Girl: juneau. Boy: Of course I know, but I m asking you! (2) 3. Which are the two strongest days of the seven?... saturday and sunday... the others are weekdays (2) 4. Boy: Why was your january math grade so low? Girl: Everything is always marked down after christmas. (2) 5. Why are the middle ages also called the dark ages?... because there were so many knights. (4) 6. How did the dog stop the DVD player?... It pressed the paws button. (1) Total: 13 Demonstrative adjectives and Demonstrative Pronouns Do not confuse demonstrative pronouns with demonstrative adjectives. They are identical, but a demonstrative pronoun stands alone, while a demonstrative adjective qualifies a noun. That smells. (Demonstrative pronoun) That book is good. (Demonstrative adjective + noun)

11 11 The singular form demonstrative adjectives include: This That The plural form demonstrative adjectives include: These Those Demonstrative Adjective Examples Here are some examples, with a sentence that features a demonstrative adjective: These shoes fit me very well. Those shoes are too expensive. This is the best day of my life. That dog is so adorable. The only difference between demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adjectives is that demonstrative adjectives are followed by nouns, while demonstrative pronouns are not. Defining a Demonstrative Pronoun Demonstrative pronouns are the same pronouns used for demonstrative adjectives - this, that, these and those. The difference is in the sentence structure. The demonstrative pronoun takes the place of the noun phrase. The demonstrative adjective is always followed by a noun. For example, here are some demonstrative pronouns that are taking the place of the underlined noun phrase: The food you are cooking smells delicious - That smells delicious. The yoga move we are doing really hurts - This really hurts. The cockroaches under our kitchen sink are gross - Those are gross. The delicious, pink petit fours on my plate are my favourites - These are my favourites.

12 12 Activity 7.2 Demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns Underline the demonstrative adjectives or pronouns and state whether it is an adjective or pronoun below the sentences. 1. That is the best way to ride a bike. 2. Are those the right shoes? 3. This is the perfect place to spend a snowy weekend. 4. Is that cloth as soft as silk? 5. These are my favourite candies. 6. Those peppers burn like fire. 7. Listen to this girl sing. 8. That is where I will place the birdbath

13 13 Direct and indirect speech Read through these two passages: Jason looked amazed. You made that model yourself, Liam? he asked. Liam nodded. All by myself. I had no help whatsoever. Well, I am stunned, said Jason as he walked off. Jason looked amazed and asked Liam if he had made that model himself. Liam nodded and said that he had done it all by himself and had no help whatsoever. Jason walked off and said that he was stunned. Direct speech These words are written directly as to what was said by the speaker Direct speech uses inverted commas A new paragraph begins for each speaker Indirect/Reported speech There are no inverted commas Pronouns change (e.g. yourself becomes himself ) Sometimes new words are added to link the words said to the speaker (e.g. that ) if or whether are used for questions Activity 7.3 Direct and Indirect speech 1) Rewrite the following in direct speech: Tammy jumped up in fright. She said that Peter had scared her. Peter told her to put away her painting set and to hurry as they had to get home quickly. Tammy wanted to know what the rush was. Peter smiled at her and told her to wait and see. 2) Rewrite the following in indirect/ reported speech: You ve spoilt my afternoon. I just wanted to sit and paint, complained Tammy. Peter dragged her down the hill. Stop moaning and get a move on, said Peter. As she walked round the hedge she saw a pony. What s that? stammered Tammy. It s your birthday surprise! shouted the family.

14 14 Activity 7.4 Simple and Compound sentences Simple sentences= SUBJECT + PREDICATE Compound sentences= SUBJECT 1 + PREDICATE 1 (CONJUNCTION) + SUBJECT 2 + PREDICATE 2 (TWO SIMPLE SENTENCES JOINED BY A CONJUNCTION) Join the two simple sentences by adding a conjunction to create compound sentences. 1. She went to day-care. She did not want to go. 2. Helping parents is hard. No one said helping parents with their children would be easy. 3. He loves to play outside during the day. I will let him play after lunch. 4. The girl was hungry. She had not eaten since breakfast. 5. Professionals can view toilet training from an independence point of view. Parents can view it as a struggle. 6. Babies like to put things in their mouths. Learning about objects in this way is how they use all of their senses. 7. We don t believe children should be spanked. Hitting teaches hitting. 8. It s going to rain today. You need to bring your raincoat to day-care. Total: 8

15 15 Activity 7.5 Synonyms and Antonyms Paste a copy of this crossword puzzle into your book: Here are the clues to help you complete the puzzle: Down 2. A type of flower that begins with R. 14. Synonym for home. 3. A kind of fish that begins with G. 4. A farm animal that rhymes with wow. 5. The antonym of thick. 7. The antonym of far. 9. The antonym of young. 10. A kind of fruit that begins with B. 15. A kind of fruit that begins with L. 16. The antonym of good. 19. The antonym of high. 21. The antonym of wrong. 22. The antonym of big. 23. A synonym of sleepy. 25. The antonym of fast.

16 16 Across 1. A type of fruit that begins with O. 4. A pet that rhymes with hat. 6. A farm animal that rhymes with pen. 8. The antonym of deep. 11. A pet that rhymes with log. 12. A drink that rhymes with sea. 13. A place that rhymes with pool. 18. A synonym for angry. 19. A synonym for jump. 20. A synonym of gift. 24. An antonym of east. 26. A farm animal that rhymes with boat. 27. The antonym of north. 28. A synonym for speak. 17. A place that rhymes with teach. Literal and Figurative meaning Personification is a figure of speech. It is used to give an abstract or inanimate object, human characteristics, and is often used in poetry. The literal meaning is exactly as it is stated, for example the literal meaning for the trees danced in the wind is that the trees were actually dancing. The figurative meaning, however, would be that the wind was blowing and this made the trees move like they were dancing in the wind.

17 Activity 7.6 Literal and Figurative meaning The following lines are taken from poems. Underline the personification and say what you think the poet means. In other words what do you think the underlying, figurative meaning may be? The morning comes to consciousness ~T.S. Eliot 2. The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet. ~Thomas Nash 3. (The steam shovel s) jaws were dripping with a load of earth and grass that it had cropped. ~Charles Malan 4. The night was creeping on the ground ~James Stephens Total: 4 Activity 7.7 Word forms Form verbs from each of these words: Example: false: falsify soft: soften 1.speech 2.food 3.horror 4.colony 5.tight 6.correction 7.simple 8.fertile 9.dictation 10.provision 11.grief 12.proof 13.song 14.dark 15.resident 16.moisture 17.pure 18.sharp Total = 18